Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Underweight Related Factors in School-Aged Children in Daegu

대구지역 초등학생의 저체중 현황파악 및 관련요인 분석

  • Yun, Young-Hee (Dept. of Nutrition Management, Graduate School of Environment & Public Health Studies, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Park, Kyong (Dept. of Nutrition Management, Graduate School of Environment & Public Health Studies, Yeungnam University)
  • 윤영희 (영남대학교 환경보건대학원 영양관리학과) ;
  • 박경 (영남대학교 환경보건대학원 영양관리학과)
  • Received : 2013.07.05
  • Accepted : 2013.08.29
  • Published : 2013.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Despite numerous studies regarding overweight or obese children, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of underweight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of underweight among school-aged children. A total of 493 students (86 underweight and 407 normal weight students) aged 11 to 13 years were included in our study. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, health information, self-perception of weight, weight-control efforts and birth-related information were collected by using survey questionnaires for children and parents. Dietary information was obtained by two 24-hour food records, which were completed by both children and their parents. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in girls than boys, and the frequency of medical treatment and flu symptoms were higher in underweight children than normal ones. Overall, girls tended to overestimate their own weight; this misclassification was greater among underweight girls. Birthweight was positively correlated with current weight (P<0.05) and height (P<0.01) in girls, but these correlations were not seen in boys. In conclusion, underweight girls had inappropriate self-perception of weight, and underweight in girls may be related with birthweight and inadequate dietary intakes. Therefore, it is important to build a well-designed framework that integrates efforts of home, school, and community to maintain a healthy weight with balanced diet and exercise throughout the lifetime.

본 연구는 학령기아동의 저체중 현황 및 관련요인을 살펴보기 위하여 대구지역 초등학교 5, 6학년을 대상으로 저체중군 86명과 정상체중군 407명의 식습관, 건강상태, 자아체형 인식 및 체중조절의지, 영양소 섭취수준과 출생 시 정보를 수집하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 저체중군 비율의 66.3%가 여학생으로 남학생에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 저체중 자녀를 둔 아버지의 신장은 정상체중군과 비교하여 약 1.8 cm 정도 더 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 둘째, 저체중군이 정상체중군보다 최근 1년간 병원진료 및 감기증상 빈도가 유의적으로 더 높았고, 특히 저체중군에서 월 1회이상 병원진료를 경험한 비율은 14.5%로, 정상체중군 5.5%에 비해 약 9% 높은 수준을 보였다. 셋째, 저체중 남학생은 본인 체형에 대하여 비교적 정확하게 인식하고 있는 반면, 정상체중 남학생은 본인 체형에 대해 실제 체형보다 왜소하다고 평가하는 비율이 36.6%를 차지하였다. 저체중 여학생의 경우 33.3%는 본인이 마른 체형임에도 불구하고 보통체중 혹은 과체중이라고 응답하는 등 잘못된 체형 인식 수준이 비교적 높은 경향을 보였다. 넷째, 저체중 여학생은 현재 자신의 체중을 그대로 유지하거나 더 줄이려고 노력하는 비율이 31.6%였고, 정상체중 여학생의 35.5%가 정상체중임에도 체중을 더 줄이기 위하여 노력한다고 응답하였다. 다섯째, 한국인 영양섭취기준 대비 영양소 섭취비율을 남녀별 체중군에 따라 비교한 결과, 단백질은 두 체중군 모두 권장량보다 2배 가량 높은 섭취비율을 보였으나 정상체중군이 저체중군에 비해 유의적으로 더 많이 섭취하고 있었으며, 그 차이는 남학생에게서 더 두드러졌다. 반면 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 엽산은 두 체중군에서 권장량보다 낮은 섭취수준을 보였다. 여섯째, 출생체중과 현재체중, 현재신장, 현재 Rohrer's index 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 여학생의 출생체중은 현재체중과 현재신장에서 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 위에 제시한 것과 같이 본 연구에서는 저체중 아동의 건강상 문제에 대한 가능성, 여학생의 왜곡된 자아체형인식 및 체중조절의지, 그리고 출생 시 체중과 현재 체중과의 연관성을 제시하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과를 토대로 가정과 학교에서 학령기 아동의 저체중 문제를 해소할 수 있는 지속적이고 다각적인 노력이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Koo JO, Lee JW, Choi YS, Kim JH, Lee JH. 2006. Nutrition through the life cycle. Hyoil, Seoul, Korea. p 281-282.
  2. Son SM, Lee GH, Kim GW, Lee YG. 2009. Nutrition education and counselling. Life Science, Seoul, Korea. p 203-207.
  3. Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Story M, Perry CL. 2004. Weight-control behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: implications for dietary intake. J Am Diet Assoc 104: 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.03.021
  4. Kwon MK, Kwon DE, Park YS. 2007. Characteristics of energy and nutrient intakes of underweight adolescent girls. J Natural Sciences of Soonchunhyang University 13: 51-56.
  5. Jang HS. 2002. Comparisons of nutritional knowledge, perception of body image and dietary behavior between adolescent boys and girls in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 12: 299-306.
  6. Ryu HK. 1997. A survey of adolescents' concern and perception about body image. Korean J Community Nutr 2: 197-205.
  7. Field AE, Cheung L, Wolf AM, Herzog DB, Gortmaker SL, Colditz GA. 1999. Exposure to the mass media and weight concerns among girls. Pediatrics 103: E36. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.3.e36
  8. McCabe MP, Ricciardelli LA. 2005. A prospective study of pressures from parents, peers, and the media on extreme weight change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. Behav Res Ther 43: 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.05.004
  9. Moon SH. 2008. Gender differences in eating disorders and risk factors in upper primary school children. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 14: 361-369.
  10. French SA, Perry CL, Leon GR, Fulkerson JA. 1996. Self-esteem and change in body mass index over 3 years in a cohort of adolescents. Obes Res 4: 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00509.x
  11. Seung JJ, No SR, Han GH, Kim YH, Hong WJ, Kim SG, Kim MH, Lee HO, Kim AJ, Han EG, Choi MG, Lee YS, Kim MH, Kim EY, Bae YJ. 2007. Clinical nutrition. Shinkwang, Seoul, Korea. p 123-124.
  12. Huh KB. 1990. The present status of nutrition-related diseases and its countermeasures. Korean J Nutr 23: 197-207.
  13. Garner RE, Feeny DH, Thompson A, Bernier J, McFarland BH, Huguet N, Kaplan MS, Orpana H, Ross NA, Blanchard C. 2012. Bodyweight, gender, and quality of life: a population-based longitudinal study. Qual Life Res 21: 813-825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-9989-1
  14. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2011. Health policy and management. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Korea. p 10.
  15. Barker DJ. 1998. In utero programming of chronic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 95: 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS19980019
  16. Seo JS, Lee JH, Yoon JS, Jo SH, Choi YS. 2008. Nutritional assessment. Powerbook, Seoul, Korea. p 58-59.
  17. Chitra U, Reddy CR. 2007. The role of breakfast in nutrient intake of urban schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr 10: 55-58.
  18. Jung BM. 2008. Eating habit and attitude of dietary life on the basis of body weight of middle school students in Daegu city. MS Thesis. Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea. p 24.
  19. Lee GH. 2002. The study of relationship among food intake, Nutritional status, and the immune response of under-/overnourished children and the development of computeraided nutrition education program. MS Thesis. Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea. p 10-11.
  20. Sung MH. 2005. Relationships between BMI, eating disorders, physical symptoms and self-esteem among fifth grade and sixth grade in an elementary school girls. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 11: 282-289.
  21. Jung MK, Kim Y. 2001. Body mass index and dietary factors of middle school students in Seoul. J Korean Home Economics Assoc 13: 101-111.
  22. Won HR. 2008. Relationships among eating behavior, dietary self efficacy and nutrition knowledge according to the perceived body shape of elementary school students in Gangwon province. Korean J Community Living Sci 19: 707-719.
  23. Makinen M, Puukko-Viertomies LR, Lindberg N, Siimes MA, Aalberg V. 2012. Body dissatisfaction and body mass in girls and boys transitioning from early to mid-adolescence: additional role of self-esteem and eating habits. BMC Psychiatry 12: 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-35
  24. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. The Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, Korea. p 24-29.
  25. Han GH, Kim GE, Kim SH. 2006. A study on nutrient intake status and dietary behaviors in elementary school children by body shape. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.10.1385
  26. Lee WS, Kim EY, Bae YJ, Sung CJ. 2006. A study on the intake status and serum levels of calcium and iron in elementary school students with different obesity index. J Living Science at Sookmyung Women's University 22: 75-88.
  27. Lim JY, Na HB. 2005. Nutrient intakes and physical fitness by BMI among middle school students in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 10: 22-35.
  28. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2012. Korea Health Statistics 2011: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2). Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Korea. p 338.
  29. Kim SA, Lee BH. 2008. Relationships between the nutrient intake status, dietary habits, academic stress and academic achievement in the elementary school children in Bucheonsi. Korean J Nutr 41: 786-796.
  30. Kim CS, Park J, Cho MH, Nam JY, Park JS, Kim DM, Kim DJ, Lee KW, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lim SK, Lee HC, Kim KR, Huh KB. 2003. The relation of weight change during growth to insulin resistance and serum adiponectin concentrations. Korean J Obes 12: 252-263.
  31. Ye R, Pei L, Ren A, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Liu JM. 2010. Birth weight, maternal body mass index, and early childhood growth: a prospective birth cohort study in China. J Epidemiol 20: 421-428. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20090187
  32. Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Vidaver J, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, Saade GR, Eddleman KA, Klugman S, Dugoff L, Timor-Tritsch IE, Craigo SD, Carr SR, Wolfe HM, Bianchi DW, D'Alton M. 2005. Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 105: 983-990. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000158118.75532.51

Cited by

  1. Health and nutritional status of Korean underweight women in their twenties: Based on the 2010~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.49, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.2.99