Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Physiological Responses in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Exposed to Ammonia

암모니아 노출에 따른 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 생리학적 반응

  • Min, Byung Hwa (Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Park, Mi Seon (Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Shin, Yun Kyung (Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Do, Yong Hyun (Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Myeong, Jeong-In (Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • 민병화 (국립수산과학원 전략양식연구소 양식관리과) ;
  • 박미선 (국립수산과학원 전략양식연구소 양식관리과) ;
  • 신윤경 (국립수산과학원 전략양식연구소 양식관리과) ;
  • 도용현 (국립수산과학원 전략양식연구소 양식관리과) ;
  • 명정인 (국립수산과학원 전략양식연구소 양식관리과)
  • Received : 2014.12.03
  • Accepted : 2014.12.09
  • Published : 2014.12.31
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia on physiological responses in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Interestingly, no mortality were observed when the specimens ($301.1{\pm}8.0g$) were exposed to five levels of un-ionized ammonia ($NH_3$) (control, 1, 2, 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$) for 3 hours. Furthermore, a significantly higher increase in gill $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase (NKA) pump activity with was detected due to the ammonia exposure. The activity of the fishes were found to be 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$, which was significantly high compared to normal $1mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$. Although ammonia exposure had no effect on plasma $Cl^-$, exposure to both 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$, however it led to increase in the plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and osmolality levels. Also, prolong ammonia exposure cause increase of plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The increase in glucose was accompanied by an increase in cortisol. The fish exposed to 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$ showed significantly higher hematocrit than control group than those exposed to 1 and $2mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$. The intensity of cell damage increased with the increase concentration and exposure to ammonia. Furthermore, hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis were also observed in gill tissues. Taken together, the results showed that direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the physiological responses of Korean rockfish to ammonia.

본 연구에서는 암모니아 노출에 따른 조피볼락의 생리학적 반응을 조사하고자 아가미 $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase (NKA) 활성을 비롯한 혈장 parameters를 분석하였다. 실험구의 암모니아 농도는 대조구(자연해수), 1, 2, 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$였으며, 조피볼락을 각각의 실험구에 3시간동안 노출한 다음 혈액 및 아가미 조직을 샘플링하였다. 실험구의 암모니아 농도가 높아질수록 혈장 암모니아 농도가 증가하였으며, 아가미 NKA 활성 또한 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 $Cl^-$를 제외한 외부의 암모니아 영향을 받지 않았으나, 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$구의 $Na^+$, $K^+$ 및 삼투질농도는 대조구 및 1, $2mg\;L^{-1}$구보다 유의하게 높았다. 암모니아 노출에 따른 조피볼락의 혈장 코티졸은 암모니아 농도와 선형관계를 보였으며, 혈장 글루코스 또한 코티졸과 동반상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 1, $2mg\;L^{-1}$구의 hematocrit는 대조구와 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$구는 나머지 실험구보다 유의하게 높았다. 암모니아 농도가 높을수록 아가미 조직 손상은 심하였으며, 특히 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$구에서는 상피세포의 과증식, 분리, 괴사 및 2차새변의 곤봉화(club-shaped lamella) 현상이 관찰되었다.

Keywords

References

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