Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Customer perception and expert assessment in restaurant food environment by region - Focused on restaurants in Suwon, Hwaseong city -

도시와 농촌의 한식 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 고객 인식 및 전문가 평가 비교 - 수원, 화성지역 음식점을 중심으로 -

  • Oh, Mi Hyun (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choe, Jeong-Sook (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Young (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang Eun (Department of Foods and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Paik, Hee Young (Department of Foods and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jang, Mi Jin (Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
  • 오미현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 최정숙 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 김영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 이상은 (서울대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 백희영 (서울대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 장미진 (서울대학교 보건대학원 보건영양학교실)
  • Received : 2014.04.22
  • Accepted : 2014.11.12
  • Published : 2014.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the food environment, particularly focusing on restaurants in three areas (Suwon city, Hwaseong Byeongieom-dong, and Bibong-myun). Methods: A total of 662 persons were surveyed on customers' perceptions of the food environment in restaurants. A structured questionnaire composed of 30 questions on 7 factors, sanitation (4 items), displaying information (5), food quality (12), information on nutritional and healthy food choice (6), restaurant's accessibility (1), availability (1), and affordability (1) was used. In addition, an expert assessment of restaurant sanitation, and information on nutritional healthy food choice was conducted through visiting 126 restaurants. Results: Scores (range of score : 1~7) for each factors assessing the restaurant food environment were 5.06 for sanitation factors, 5.05 for displaying information factors, 5.13 for taste appearance factors, and 4.35 for healthy menu factors. Informations on nutritional healthy food choice showed a low rate: only 16.24% of the subjects answered that there is a message encouraging choice of healthy foods and 27.4% answered that menus contain nutritional information. Significant differences in food environment were observed by region (city, town, rural). The restaurants food environment in the rural area turned out to be poorer than that of the other two areas. In comparison of customer perception and expert assessment, significant differences were observed for 'Employee appearances and uniforms are clean and tidy' (p < .05), and 'There is a message encouraging the choice of healthy foods' (p < .05). Conclusion: This study provided evidence for differences of restaurant food environment by regions. In the rural area, there is a problem in restaurant's accessibility, availability, and affordability because of a lack of variety in menu items and restaurants. This results suggest that there is a need for more healthy food restaurants in the rural area.

본 연구는 대도시(경기도 수원시), 도농복합시인 화성시 도시지역과 농촌지역 등 세 지역의 한식 음식점 126개 업소를 선정하여 방문 고객 662명을 대상으로 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 음식점 식생활 환경을 측정하기 위해 위생환경, 표시정보, 맛과 외관, 건강성, 영양정보, 음식점의 접근성, 유용성, 구매력 등의 인식을 조사하였고, 위생환경, 영양정보 두 영역은 같은 문항을 가지고 전문가 평가도 실시하였다. 세 지역의 한식 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 고객 인식을 비교분석 하였으며, 고객 인식과 전문가 평가 비교를 통해 지역사회의 음식점 식생활 환경 실태를 알아보고, 향후 건강한 식생활 환경 조성을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 1) 조사 대상자는 총 662명 중 남자가 58%, 여자가 42%였으며, 30대가 32.2%로 가장 많았고, 직업은 사무종사자가 23%로 가장 많았다. 외식 성향과 관련하여, 외식의 정보출처는 주변사람이 63.3%로 가장 많았고, 외식 빈도는 주 1~3회가 44%로 가장 많았으며 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01). 방문한 한식 음식점을 가는 이유로는 '맛이 좋아서'라고 응답한 사람이 가장 많았으며 (56%), 편리한 접근성, 합리적인 가격, 건강, 음식점의 분위기와 종업원의 서비스 순으로 나타났다. 2) 지역에 따른 한식 음식점 식생활 환경에 대한 주관적 인식 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 위생환경과 표시정보의 경우 지역 간 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), 병점, 비봉, 수원 지역 순으로 점수가 높았다. 맛과 외관, 건강성에 관련된 요인은 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 영양정보의 경우 메뉴에 대한 영양정보 여부, 건강메뉴의 제시 및 독려하는 메시지 여부에서 지역에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 영양정보 표시 음식점이 더 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 3) 지역에 따른 음식점의 접근성, 유용성, 구매력에 대한 인식에 있어 지역별로 유의적인 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 대체적으로 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 접근성, 유용성, 구매력이 더 좋은 것으로 인식하였다. 따라서 음식점 접근성이 낮고 가격 부담감이 큰 농촌지역 에는 지자체에서 운영하는 비영리 음식점을 조성하거나 도시락 배달사업, 이동판매와 이동 차량 제공 등의 지원 사업이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 더불어 유용성을 높일 수 있는 다양한 메뉴와 건강한 메뉴가 제공되어야 할 것이다. 4) 음식점 식생활 환경 중 위생환경, 영양정보 표시에 대한 전문가 평가 결과, '종업원의 용모와 복장은 깨끗하고 단정하다' 문항에서 고객 인식과 전문가 평가 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며 (p < 0.05), 대체적으로 위생환경의 모든 문항이 소비자 인식보다 전문가 평가 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 건강메뉴의 선택을 독려하는 메시지의 여부에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데 (p < 0.05), 소비자 인식보다 전문가 평가가 더 낮은 비율을 나타내었다. 외식률이 증가하고 이와 동시에 비만과 만성질환의 예방과 관리를 위한 올바른 음식점 식생활 환경의 개선이 중요시되는 현시점에서 향후 음식점에서는 소비자의 건강한 식생활을 위해서 종업원의 청결 및 실내의 위생, 건강메뉴 개발 및 표시, 영양정보를 제시할 수 있도록 지원과 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. 또한 음식점의 접근성과 이용가능성, 구매력을 높일 수 있도록 지역사회 차원의 식생활 환경을 개선하는 것도 필요하다. 농촌지역 노인정 급식사업, 도시지역 건강식당사업, '어린이 식생활 안전관리 특별법'에서 학교 주변에서 위생적이고 우수한 식품을 판매하도록 명시하고 있는 것 등의 사례가 있다. 향후 여러 지역사회의 다양한 음식점 업태를 선정하여 음식점 식생활 환경 실태를 조사하고, 식생활 환경이 개인의 식생활 및 건강상태에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 등 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development

Supported by : Rural Development Administration

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