Physical Therapy Korea (한국전문물리치료학회지)

Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy (한국전문물리치료학회)
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

  • Lim, Woo-taek (Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Dept. of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University)
  • Received : 2015.07.31
  • Accepted : 2015.09.02
  • Published : 2015.09.17
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Abstract

Muscular dystrophy is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common, and progresses relatively faster than other muscular dystrophies. It is characterized by progressive myofiber degeneration, muscle weakness and ultimately ambulatory loss. Since it is an X-linked recessive inheritance, DMD is mostly expressed in males and rarely expressed or less severe in females. The most effective measurement tool for DMD is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which allows non-invasive examination of longitudinal measurement. It can detect progressive decline of skeletal muscle size by measuring a maximal cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle. Additionally, other techniques in MRI, like $T_2$-weighted imaging, assess muscle damage, including inflammation, by detecting changes in $T_2$ relaxation time. Current MRI techniques even allow quantification of metabolic differences between affected and non-affected muscles in DMD. There is no current cure, but physical therapist can improve their quality of life by maintaining muscle strength and function, especially if treatment (and other forms of medical intervention) begins in the early stages of the disease.

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References

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