DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison and Correlation between Distance Static Stereoacuity and Dynamic Stereoacuity

원거리 정적 입체시와 동적 입체시의 평가 및 상관관계

  • 김영청 (광주보건대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 김상현 (광주보건대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 심현석 (광주보건대학교 안경광학과)
  • Received : 2015.08.12
  • Accepted : 2015.09.09
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated the static stereoacuity by Distance Randot Stereotest (STEREO OPTICAL. Co., Inc. USA) and the dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test (iNT, Korea). Criterion and correlation of stereoacuity between both tests and usefulness of two stereotest methods were also evaluated. Methods: For normal adults of 109 (male 61, female 48), mean age of 20.88 (19-32 years) years old, static stereoacuity by using Distance Randot Stereotest at 3 m distance, dynamic stereoacuity by using three-rods test at 2.5 m distance were measured. Results: The mean of distance static stereoacuity was $155.77{\pm}133.11sec$ of arc and the mean of error distance dynamic stereoacuity $11.13{\pm}9.69mm$. With equivalent-conversion stereoacuity of $23.44{\pm}20.96sec$ of arc, there was statistically significant differences (p=0.00) between two dynamic stereoacuity, but correlation was relatively low (${\rho}=0.226$). In the case of dynamic stereoacuity, separated to normal range by criterion of the error distance 20 mm, it showed the error distance of less than 20 mm in 97 subjects(89%) whose average of error distance and conversion mean dynamic stereoacuity were $8.43{\pm}5.10mm$ and $17.68{\pm}10.67sec$ of arc. repectively. The error distance of was equivalent-conversion dynamic stereoacuity 40.99 sec of arc (PD 62 mm basis) was 20 mm. Conclusions: The results of lower correlation between static and dynamic stereoacuity suggest that seterotest should be applied separately to different functions. The results of this study also suggest that Distance Randot Stereotest can be applied to static stereoacuity excluding monocular cues. Three-rods test can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity containing the response of the eye-hand coordination in the daily life of natural vision condition, including the monocular cues. These different approaches canprovide a criterion of the two stereoacuity and parallel use of the two tests would be useful. For dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test, error distance 20 mm in a normal range of adults can be used as a criteria to get statistical meaning of the results.

목적: 본 연구는 원거리 Randot 입체검사(Distance Randot Stereotest, STEREO OPTICAL. Co., Inc. USA)를 이용한 정적 입체시(static stereoacuity)와 삼간계(three-rods test, iNT, Korea)를 이용한 동적 입체시(dynamic stereoacuity)를 평가해보고, 두 입체시의 기준과 상관관계, 두 검사법의 유용성에 대하여 알아보았다. 방법: 평균연령 20.88세(19~32세)인 정상 성인 109명(남자 61명, 여자 48명)을 대상으로 원거리 Randot 입체검사는 검사거리 3 m에서 정적 입체시를, 삼간계는 2.5 m에서 동적 입체시를 측정하였다. 결과: 원거리 정적 입체시는 평균 $155.77{\pm}133.11$초, 동적 입체시는 평균 오차거리 $11.13{\pm}9.69mm$, 등가 환산 입체시 $23.44{\pm}20.96$초로 두 입체시는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p=0.00), 상관성은 비교적 낮았다(${\rho}=0.226$). 동적 입체시의 경우 오차거리 20 mm를 기준으로 정상범위로 구분하였을 때, 97명(89%)에서 20 mm 이하의 오차거리가 나타났고 이들의 평균 오차거리는 $8.43{\pm}5.10mm$, 환산 평균 동적 입체시는 $17.68{\pm}10.67$초였다. 오차거리 20 mm는 등가 환산 동적 입체시 40.99초(PD 62 mm 기준)이다. 결론: 정적 입체시와 동적 입체시의 상관성은 매우 적어 서로 다른 기능으로 구분하여 검사법을 적용하여야 한다. 원거리 Randot 입체검사는 단안단서가 배제된 정적 입체시를, 삼간계는 단안단서가 존재하는 일상생활의 자연시 상태에서 눈과 손의 협응반응이 포함된 동적 입체시를 측정할 수 있어 두 입체시의 기준을 마련하는데 적절하며, 두 검사법을 병행 사용함이 유용하다고 사료된다. 삼간계 동적 입체시는 성인의 정상범위를 오차거리 20 mm를 기준으로 구분하는 것이 통계적인 관점에서 적합하다고 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Von Noorden GK. Binocular vision and ocular motility, 5th Ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996;8-40.
  2. Kim TN. Binocular vision, 1st Ed. Seoul: Shinkwang Pub, 2010;15-28.
  3. Wong BP, Woods RL, Peli E. Stereoacuity at distance and near. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79(12):771-778. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200212000-00009
  4. Marsh WR, Rawlings SC, Mumma JV. Evaluation of clinical stereoacuity test. Ophthalmology. 1980;87(12):1265-1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(80)35096-3
  5. Min BM, Park WC. The relationship between visual acuity and titmus stereoacuity. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1987;28(6):1339-1342.
  6. Zanoni D, Rosenbaum AL. A new method for evaluating distance stereo acuity. J Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991;28(5):255-260.
  7. Fu VL, Birch EE, Holmes JM. Assessment of a new distance randot stereoacuity test. J AAPOS. 2006;10(5):419-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2006.06.013
  8. Shim HS, Choi SM, Kim YC. Assessment of dynamic stereoacuity of adults in their 20s’ with Howard-Dolman test. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2015;20(1):61-66. https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2015.20.1.61
  9. Rovai, AP, Jason DB, Michael KP. Social science research design and statistics: A practitioner's guide to research methods and IBM SPSS, 2nd Ed. Watertree Press LLC, 2013;375.
  10. Holmes JM, Fawcett SL. Testing distance stereoacuity with the Frisby-Davis(FD2) test. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(1):193-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2004.07.008
  11. Kim SJ, Kim SY. Normal distance stereoacuity by age assessed by the Frisby Davis distance stereotest. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;49(1):158-163. https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2008.49.1.158
  12. Matsuo T, Negayama R, Sakata H, Hasebe K. Correlation between depth perception by three-rods test and stereoacuity by distance randot stereotest. Strabismus. 2014; 22(3):133-137. https://doi.org/10.3109/09273972.2014.939766
  13. Pettigrew JD. Binocular neurons which signal change of disparity in area 18 of cat visual cortex. Nat New Biol. 1973;241(108):123-124. https://doi.org/10.1038/newbio241123a0
  14. Tyler CW. A stereoscopic view of visual processing streams. Vision Res. 1990;30(11):1877-1895. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(90)90165-H
  15. Hart WM. Adler's physiology of the eye, 9th Ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1992;773-810.
  16. Lim KH, Hong HJ. Dynamic stereoacuity in normal individuals. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;41(11):2408-2414.
  17. Frisby JP, Mein J, Saye A, Stanworth A. Use of randomdot sterograms in the clinical assessment of strabismic patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975;59(10):545-552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.59.10.545
  18. Cooper J, Feldman J. Random-dot-stereogram performance by strabismic, amblyopic, and ocular-pathology patients in an operant-discrimination task. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1978;55(9):599-609. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-197809000-00001

Cited by

  1. Changes in Distance Static Stereopsis with Breath Alcohol Concentration vol.22, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.1.65
  2. Comparison of Dynamic Stereoacuity According to Monocular Cue vol.22, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.2.127
  3. Comparison of Dynamic Stereoacuity in Terms of Test Distance vol.23, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2018.23.4.423
  4. Contrast Sensitivity of Dominant and Non-Dominant Eyes in Adults vol.23, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2018.23.4.433
  5. Comparison between Stereopsis Measured in a Natural Space and that Measured Using an Apparatus vol.24, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2019.24.1.71