Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Major Dishes Contributing Absolute and Between-Person Sodium Intake Variations in University Students in Gyeonggi-do

경기지역 일부 대학생에서 나트륨의 주요 기여 음식과 변이 음식

  • Chung, Eun-Jung (Division of General Studies, Kangnam University) ;
  • Ryu, Ha-Jung (Research Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University) ;
  • Shim, Eugene (Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women's College)
  • 정은정 (강남대학교 교양학부) ;
  • 유하정 (연세대학교 심바이오틱라이프텍연구원) ;
  • 심유진 (숭의여자대학교 식품영양과)
  • Received : 2015.10.08
  • Accepted : 2016.02.01
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate dietary sodium sources at the dish level in 228 university students (71 men, 157 women) in Gyeonggi-do. Daily sodium intake was estimated from a validated 125-dish frequency questionnaire. In men, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and sodium intake were significantly higher than in women. Men showed higher sodium intake from soups, fish or shellfish dishes, meat dishes, and soybean dishes than women. The dishes that most largely contributed to daily sodium intake were Napa cabbage kimchi and ramen in both men and women. In addition, relatively higher amounts of sodium from ramen were consumed in men, whereas cookies were the 5th highest sodium source in women. In both men and women, the high sodium intake groups consumed more sodium from kimchi, dishes cooked with kimchi, dishes with broth, and salted mackerel than the low sodium intake group. There were significant differences in major dishes contributing to between-person sodium intake variations between men and women. Short rib soup for men and Korean sausage for women were the largest contributors to sodium variations, which are common dishes served with salt. Men consumed more drinks and also more sodium from drinks than women. In conclusion, there were significant differences in major dishes contributing to absolute and between-person sodium intake variations in university students between men and women. Further studies on effects of gender on blood pressure, sodium and drink intake, and obesity are necessary.

본 연구에서는 경기지역 대학생 228명(남 71명, 여 157명)을 대상으로 음식빈도조사지(DFQ-125)를 이용하여 나트륨 섭취량을 조사하고 음식(군)별 나트륨 섭취량, 나트륨의 급원 및 변이 음식을 분석하였다. 남학생은 식사와 함께 섭취하는 국류(P<0.05), 어패류 반찬(P<0.05), 고기류(P<0.05), 콩류(P<0.05)에서 여학생보다 더 많은 나트륨을 섭취하고 있었다. 나트륨의 급원 음식 1, 2위는 남녀 모두 배추김치와 라면류였고 찌개/탕류 중에는 김치찌개가 급원 음식 순위 1위로 동일하였으나, 남학생은 라면으로부터 섭취하는 나트륨의 양이 상대적으로 높았고 여학생은 남학생과 달리 스낵 과자가 급원 음식 중 5위로 높은 순위에 속하였다. 또한 급원 음식 20위 내에 국 종류가 속하지 않은 여학생과 달리 남학생에서는 고염군이 좋아하는 음식으로 알려진 국, 볶음이나 튀김음식이 포함되어 있었다. 남녀 모두에서 고염군은 저염군보다 김치류 및 김치를 이용한 음식, 국물음식 및 자반고등어 조림으로부터 많은 나트륨을 섭취하고 있었다. 개인의 나트륨 섭취량에 큰 영향을 주는 음식인 변이 음식의 종류와 순위는 남녀 간 큰 차이가 있었는데, 남학생의 경우 갈비탕> 생선(참치)통조림> 라면류> 순대+쌈장 순이었고 여학생의 경우 순대+소금> 닭볶음탕>, 된장찌개> 배추김치> 피자 순으로 나타났다. 특히 변이 음식 1위는 남학생에서 갈비탕, 여학생에서 순대+소금이었는데 이들은 모두 기호에 따라 식탁에서 소금을 추가하는 음식으로, 대국민 저염 교육의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 이미 간이 맞춰진 음식에 소금을 더 첨가하지 않도록 하는 실천지침이 포함되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 남학생은 여학생보다 총나트륨 섭취량, 체질량지수, 수축기혈압이 모두 높았으며 음료수류 섭취량(P<0.01)은 물론 음료수로부터 얻는 나트륨의 양도 많은 것으로 나타나(P<0.01) 성별에 따라 나트륨 섭취량 및 음료수 섭취량과 혈압, 비만 간의 상호 관련성을 밝히는 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다. 추가로 효과적인 나트륨 저감 전략을 위해서는 나트륨과 혈압 간의 상관관계 연구로 대상자별 급원 음식뿐 아니라 변이 음식에 대한 조사가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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