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Antioxidant activity and comparative analysis of major functional compounds in liqueur using coffee and coffee-ground

커피와 커피박 침출주의 항산화 활성 및 주요 생리활성 물질의 비교 분석

  • Kang, Jeong Eun (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Seon Kyeong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Guo, Tian Jiao (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kang, Jin Yong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Du Sang (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Min (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kwon, O-Jun (Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Regional Industry Evaluation Agency for Gyeongbuk) ;
  • Lee, Uk (Division of Special Purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Heo, Ho Jin (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 강정은 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박선경 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 궈텐자오 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 강진용 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 이두상 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김종민 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 권오준 (경북지역산업평가단) ;
  • 이욱 (국립산림과학원 특용자원연구과) ;
  • 허호진 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2016.02.04
  • Accepted : 2016.05.09
  • Published : 2016.08.30

Abstract

Sensory evaluation, in vitro antioxidant activities and main compounds of coffee water-extract, coffee liqueur (CL) and coffee-ground liqueur (CGL) were investigated to consider their industrialization. Sensory evaluation showed that all groups of CGL without 25% CGL (3 month) were relatively higher than CL groups. Total phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were also performed. The group of 35% CGL had higher total phenolic compounds than others, and the result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar to that of total phenolic compounds. In addition, 35% CGL is comparable to the FRAP of coffee water extract (CE). Qualitative and quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed, and chlorogenic acid as a ployphenolic compound and caffeine as a nonpolyphenolic compound were detected in all samples. Moreover, the HPLC analysis showed that CGLs contain a larger amounts of chlorogenic acid (difference of 0.3~10.5%) and also greater amounts of caffeine (difference of 10.0~18.2%) more then CE. Consequently, these results suggest that coffee-ground as coffee by-products could be used as commercially available food substances because of its physiological molecules remained.

본 연구는 커피의 부산물로 발생되는 커피박으로 침출주를 제조함으로써 커피박의 산업적 활용 가치 재고를 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 커피박의 항산화 활성과 생리활성 물질을 분석, 비교하기 위하여 커피와 커피박을 각각 25%와 35% 담금술에 침지하여 CL, CGL를 제조하였다. 제조한 담금술을 대학생을 대상으로 관능평가를 실시한 결과 상대적으로 CGL가 CL에 비해 상대적으로 우수한 기호도를 보였다. 기호도가 높은 CGL와 기호도가 낮은 CL의 항산화 활성 정도를 비교하기 위해 동량의 건조물을 이용해 총 페놀 함량과 항산화 활성 실험을 실시하였다. 총 페놀 함량 분석 결과 35% CGL(1개월)이 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 169.5 mg GAE/g of dried extract으로 가장 높게 나왔고, 항산화 활성 실험 결과 CE와 CL, CGL 모두 유사한 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 FRAP 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 커피 가공 부산물인 커피박에도 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 FRAP 활성을 유도하는 phytochemical로서의 생리활성 물질이 잔존하는 것으로 판단된다. 결국 커피박에도 커피와 유사하게 생리활성 물질이 존재하는지 알아보기 위하여 동량의 건조물을 이용해 HPLC 정성 정량 분석을 실시한 결과 CGL(35.0~38.5 mg/g of dried extract)는 CE(34.9 mg/g of dried extract)에 비해 클로로겐산 함량이 0.3~10.5% 가량 더 많았고, CGL(39.2~42.1 mg/g of dried extract)는 CE(35.6 mg/g of dried extract)에 비해 카페인 함량이 10.0~18.2% 가량 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해볼 때, 커피 가공 부산물인 커피박이 대표적인 생리활성 물질로 알려진 클로로겐산과 카페인을 일정 수준 이상으로 함유하고 있어 커피와 유사한 라디칼 소거활성 등 in vitro 항산화 활성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 더불어 침출주의 경우 커피 대비 기호도도 상대적으로 우수하여 산업적으로 충분히 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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