Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Production of alveolar flaps in American English by native Korean speakers

한국어 모국어 화자의 미국 영어 치경 탄설음 조음

  • Received : 2016.08.08
  • Accepted : 2016.09.17
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined how native Korean speakers realize the acoustic characteristics of /d, t/ flaps in American English. Fourteen subjects, who had lived in foreign countries for less than one year, read words containing the alveolar stops in flapping environments. /d/ (91%) became flaps more frequently than /t/ (42%). The closure durations for /d/ flaps were significantly longer than /t/ flaps, and the durations of the preceding vowels were not significantly different between /d/ and /t/ flaps. Female learners demonstrated a higher percentage of /t/ flapping than their male counterparts. Differences in flap patterns were observed among individual learners.

Keywords

References

  1. Boersma, P. & Weenink, D. (2016). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Retrieved from on February 2, 2016.
  2. Byrd, D. (1994). Relations of sex and dialect to reduction. Speech Communication, 15, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(94)90039-6
  3. Charles-Luce, J. (1997). Cognitive factors involved in preserving a phonemic contrast. Language and Speech, 40, 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383099704000302
  4. Chen, M. (1970). Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica, 22, 129-159. https://doi.org/10.1159/000259312
  5. Fisher, W. M. & Hirsch, I. J. (1976). Intervocalic flapping in English. Chicago Linguistic Society, 12, 183-198.
  6. Fox, R. A. & Terbeek, D. (1977). Dental flaps, vowel duration and rule ordering in American English. Journal of Phonetics, 5, 27-34.
  7. Herd, W., Jongman, A., & Sereno, J. (2010). An acoustic and perceptual analysis of /t/ and /d/ flaps in American English. Journal of Phonetics, 38, 504-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2010.06.003
  8. Kim, J.-E. (2011). A study on the correlation between English word-final stop and vowel duration produced by speakers of Korean. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 3, 15-22. (김지은 (2011). 한국인 영어 학습자의 어말 폐쇄음과 선행 모음 길이의 상관 관계 연구. 말소리와 음성과학, 2, 15-22.)
  9. Lavoie, L. M. (2000). Phonological patterns and phonetic manifestations of consonant weakening. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.
  10. Malecot, A. & Lloyd, P. (1968). The /t/:/d/ distinction in American alveolar flaps. Lingua, 19, 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(68)90084-3
  11. Patterson, D. & Connine, C. M. (2001). Variant frequency in flap production: A corpus analysis of variant frequency in American English flap production. Phonetica, 58, 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1159/000046178
  12. Sharf, D. J. (1962). Duration of post-stress intervocalic stops and preceding vowels. Language and Speech, 5, 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383096200500103
  13. Stathopoulous, E. T. & Weismer, G. (1979). Closure duration of stop consonants. Journal of Phonetics, 11, 395-400.
  14. Tajima, K., Kitahara, M., & Yoneyama, K. (2015). Production of an allophonic variant in a second language: The case of intervocalic alveolar flapping. Papers from the 32nd Conference of the English Linguistic Society of Japan (pp. 139-145).
  15. Turk, A. (1992). The American English flapping rule and the effect of stress on stop consonant durations. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, 7, 103-133.
  16. Zue, V. W. & Laferriere, M. (1979). Acoustic study of medial /t, d/ in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66, 1039-1050. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.383323