노동경제논집 (Journal of Labour Economics)

한국노동경제학회 (The Korean Labor Economic Association)
권호 표지

인지 및 비인지적 요인이 임금에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skill on Wage Performance in Early Labor Market

  • 투고 : 2016.07.15
  • 심사 : 2016.09.20
  • 발행 : 2016.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 논문에서는 한국고용정보원의 행정DB를 이용하여 인지능력과 비인지적 요인이 임금에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 개인의 인지능력으로는 적성검사(Aptitude Test Battery) 점수의 첫 번째 주성분을, 비인지적 요인은 성격 5요인(Big Five Personality Inventory) 점수를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 인지능력과 비인지적 요인 중 성실성과 외향성이 임금수준에 긍정적 효과를 미치고, 그 유의성은 비교적 높았다. 본 연구에서 나타난 비인지 요인들에 대한 추정계수의 부호와 유의성 강도는 기존 심리학의 결론과 유사하였다. 한편 인지능력은 교육수준이 높을수록 임금수준에 대한 영향력이 더 커지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 현상은 4년제 대학졸업자에서 강하게 작용하고 있었다.

We examine the relationship between individual's personality trait and wage performance using administrative data collected by Korea Employment Information Service. We use Aptitude Test Battery and Five Factor Personality Inventory for individual's cognitive and noncognitive skill respectively. The results show that there are robust relationships between wages and conscientiousness, extraversion. The relationships between personality traits vary across gender. Additionally, this results imply that the return to schooling is higher for those with higher cognitive ability in early labor market.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 김두순.서현주. 직업심리검사 결과를 활용한 노동시장 성과 분석. 한국고용정보원. 2015. 12.
  2. 김홍균.문혜영. 대학수능시험 성적이 임금에 미치는 효과 분석. 공공경제 12권 1호 (2007. 3): 161-178.
  3. 남기곤.윤진호.이시균. 대학 재학 중 활동이 노동시장 성과에 미치는 효과. 경제발전연구16권 1호 (2010. 6): 143-172.
  4. 박환보.김성식. 개인배경, 취업준비노력, 대학서열 유형이 대졸자의 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향 분석. 교육사회학연구 21권 3호 (2011. 9): 77-98.
  5. 이자형.이기혜. 대졸자 노동시장 성과 결정요인의 구조적 관계 : 비인지적 능력의 효과를 중심으로. 직업능력개발연구 14권 2호 (2011. 8): 27-54.
  6. 조현국. 신장과 노동시장 성과 관계: 패널 데이터를 이용한 분석. 노동경제논집 37권 2호 (2014. 6): 79-103.
  7. 주휘정. 신규 대졸자 임금에 대한 개인 및 대학 효과 분석. 교육행정학연구 30권 1호 (2012. 4): 603-626.
  8. 최필선.민인식. 수능성적이 초기 노동시장 성과에 미치는 효과 : 일반화 성향점수 접근법. 노동정책연구 13권 1호 (2013. 3): 139-162.
  9. 홍광표.김문길.설귀환. 비인지적 능력이 노동시장 성과에 미치는 영향. 교육고용패널 학술대회 자료집. 한국직업능력개발원, 2016. 3.
  10. 황여정.백병부. 대졸 청년층의 노동시장 성과 결정요인. 직업능력개발연구 11권 2호 (2008. 8): 1-23.
  11. Altonji, Joseph G., and Charles R. Pierret. "Employer Learning and Statistical Discrimination." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (1) (February 2001): 313-350.
  12. Anger, Silke., and Guido Heineck. "Cognitive abilities and earnings - first evidence for Germany." Applied Economics Letters 17 (7) (May 2010): 699-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802297855
  13. Balcar, Jiri. "Supply Side Wage Determinants: Overview of Empirical Literature." Review of Economic Perspectives 12 (4) (December 2012): 207-222. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10135-012-0010-x
  14. Barrick, Murray R., and Michael K. Mount. "The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A meta-analysis." Personnel Psychology 44 (1) (March 1991): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x
  15. Blackburn, McKinley L., and David Neumark. "Omitted-Ability Bias and the Increase in the Return to Schooling." Journal of Labor Economics 11 (3) (July 1993): 521. https://doi.org/10.1086/298306
  16. Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Do Cognitive Test Scores Explain Higher US Wage Inequality?." Review of Economics and Statistics 87 (1) (February 2005): 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1162/0034653053327649
  17. Borghans, Lex., Duckworth, Angela L., Heckman, James J., and Wee, Bas Ter. "The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits." Journal of Human Resources 43 (4) (October 2008): 972-1059.
  18. Bowles, Samuel., Gintis, Herbert., and Osborne Melissa. "Incentive-enhancing Preferences: Personality, Behavior, and Earnings." The American Economic Review 91 (2) (May 2001a): 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.2.155
  19. Bowles, Samuel., Gintis, Herbert., and Osborne Melissa. "The Determinants of Earnings: A behavioral approach." Journal of Economic Literature 39 (4) (December 2001b): 1137-1176. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.39.4.1137
  20. Cawley, John., Heckman, James J., and Edward Vytlacil. "Three Observations on Wages and Measured Cognitive Ability." Labour Economics 8 (4) (May 2001): 419-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(01)00039-2
  21. Deng, Binbin. "Schooling and Wage Revisited: Does Higher IQ Really Give You Higher Income?." (No. 23206). University Library of Munich, Germany, 2010.
  22. Denny, Kevin., and Vincen. O'sullivan. "Can Education Compensate for Low Ability? Evidence from British Data." Applied Economics Letters 14 (9) (July 2007): 657-660. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500461639
  23. Dohmen, Thomas. "Behavioral Labor Economics: Advances and future directions." Labour Economics 30 (May 2014): 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.008
  24. Falch, Torberg., and Sofia Sandgren, Massih. "The Effect of Early Cognitive Ability on Earnings Over the Life-Cycle." Labour 26 (3) (September 2012): 287-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2012.00553.x
  25. Farber, Henry S., and Robert Gibbons. "Learning and Wage Dynamics." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (4) (November 1996): 1007-1047. https://doi.org/10.2307/2946706
  26. Fryer Jr, Roland G. "Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." In Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 4B, edited by David Card and Orley Ashenfelter, pp. 855-971. Elsevier Science Publishers, 2011.
  27. Gensowski, Miriam., Heckman, James J., and Peter Savelyev. "The Effects of Education, Personality, and IQ on Earnings of High-ability Men." Unpublished manuscript(April 2011) The University of Chicago.
  28. Gosling, Samuel D., Rentfrow, Peter J., and William B. Swann. "A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains." Journal of Research in Personality 37 (6) (December 2003): 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
  29. Heckman, James J., and Yona Rubinstein. "The Importance of Noncognitive Skills: Lessons from the GED testing program." The American Economic Review 91 (2) (May 2001): 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.2.145
  30. Heckman, James J., Stixrud, Jora, and Sergio Urzua. "The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior." Journal of Labor Economics 24 (3) (July 2006): 411-482. https://doi.org/10.1086/504455
  31. Heckman, James J., and Kautz Tim. "Fostering and Measuring Skills: Interventions that improve character and cognition." NBER Working Series No. w19656, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013.
  32. Heineck, Guido. "Does it Pay to be Nice? Personality and Earnings in the United Kingdom." Industrial & Labor Relations Review 64 (5) (October 2011): 1020-1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391106400509
  33. Heineck, Guido., and Silke Anger. "The Returns to Cognitive Abilities and Personality Traits in Germany." Labour Economics 17 (3) (June 2010): 535-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2009.06.001
  34. Iacobucci, Dawn., Schneider, Matthew J., and Deidre Popovich. "Mean Centering Helps Alleviate "Micro" But Not "Macro" Multicollinearity." Behavior Research Methods (July 2015): 1-10.
  35. Lang, Kevin., and Michael Manove. "Education and labor market discrimination." The American Economic Review 101 (4) (June 2011): 1467-1496. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.4.1467
  36. Lin, Mingfeng, Henry C. Lucas Jr, and Shmueli Galit. "Research commentary-too big to fail: large samples and the p-value problem." Information Systems Research 24 (4) (October 2013): 906-917. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2013.0480
  37. Lindsey, Brink. Human Capitalism: How Economic Growth Has Made Us Smarter - And More Unequal. pp.23-30. Princeton University Press, 2013.
  38. Lu, Xun., and Halbert White. "Robustness Checks and Robustness Tests in Applied Economics." Journal of Econometrics 178 (January 2014): 194-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.08.016
  39. Mueller, Gerrit., and Erik Plug, "Estimating the Effect of Personality on Male and Female Earnings." Industrial & Labor Relations Review 60 (1) (October 2006): 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390606000101
  40. Murnane, Richard J., Willett, John B., Duhaldeborde, Yves., and John H. Tyler "How Important are the Cognitive Skills of Tteenagers in Predicting Subsequent Earnings?." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (Autumn 2000): 547-568.
  41. Nyhus, Ellen K., and Empar Pons. "The Effects of Personality on Earnings." Journal of Economic Psychology 26 (3) (June 2005): 363-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2004.07.001
  42. Schultz, Duane P., and Sydney E. Schultz, Theories of Personality, pp.212-239. Cengage Learning, 2013.
  43. Schick, Andreas., and Richard H. Steckel. "Height, Human Capital, and Earnings: The Contributions of Cognitive and Noncognitive Ability." Journal of Human Capital 9 (1) (Spring 2015): 94-115. https://doi.org/10.1086/679675
  44. Thiel, Hendrik., and Stephan L. Thomsen. "Noncognitive Skills in Economics: Models, measurement, and empirical evidence." Research in Economics 67 (2) (June 2013): 189-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2013.03.002
  45. Tobias, Justin L. "Are Returns to Schooling Concentrated Among the Most Able? A Semiparametric Analysis of the Ability-earnings Relationships." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 65 (1) (February 2003): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00038
  46. Zax, Jeffrey S., and Daniel I. Rees. "IQ, Academic Performance, Environment, and Earnings." Review of Economics and Statistics 84 (4) (November 2002): 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302760556440