Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society (기술혁신학회지)

Korea Technology Innovation Society (한국기술혁신학회)
권호 표지

Effects of the Innovative Company Certification System on Technological Innovation Activities and Performance of SMEs

혁신형 기업 인증 제도가 중소기업의 기술적 혁신 활동과 성과에 미치는 영향

  • 유형선 (한국과학기술정보연구원, 과학기술연합대학원대학교) ;
  • 전승표 (한국과학기술정보연구원, 과학기술연합대학원대학교) ;
  • 김지희 (한국과학기술정보연구원)
  • Received : 2017.08.03
  • Accepted : 2017.12.08
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the effectiveness of the innovative company certification system, which is one of the important means of the SME innovation promotion policies, was examined in terms of technological innovation activity and performance. To this end, we used the results of 'SME Technology Statistical Survey' conducted by the Small and Medium Business Administration and the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business in 2013~2015 to compare the innovative SMEs that have received the certifications such as Venture Certification, Innobiz Certification, and Mainbiz Certification with the general SMEs that did not. As a result, it was found that the innovative SMEs have comparative advantage in many detailed indicators related to the technological innovation activity and performance. However, the ratio of external use of R&D expenditure, the number of technology development attempts and the number of successes were not different according to the survey year, so it is necessary to strengthen the follow-up management of the system. On the other hand, the proportion of self-procurement R&D expenditure of the general SMEs was significantly higher than that of the innovative SMEs in all three-year surveys. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the government funding for the innovative SMEs to be used as a complementary material, not as a substitute for their own R&D investment. In addition, the technological innovation activity and performance of a company were more influenced by the size of the company and the participating industry rather than by the certification, so it is necessary to consider it when establishing the technology innovation promotion policies.

본 연구에서는 중소기업의 기술혁신 장려 정책의 중요한 수단 중 하나인 혁신형 기업 인증 제도의 효과를 기술적 혁신 활동과 성과라는 측면에서 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 중소기업청과 중소기업중앙회에서 실시한 2013~2015년 '중소기업 기술통계조사' 결과를 이용하여, 벤처기업 확인, 이노비즈 인증, 메인비즈 인증 등 혁신형 기업 인증을 받은 혁신형 중소기업과 그렇지 않은 일반 중소기업을 비교하였다. 그 결과 혁신형 중소기업이 기술적 혁신 활동과 성과에 관련된 많은 세부 지표에서 비교 우위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외부사용 연구개발비 비중, 기술개발 시도건수와 성공건수 등은 조사년도에 따라 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 본 제도의 사후 관리를 강화할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 자체조달연구개발비 비중은 3개년 조사 모두에서 오히려 일반 중소기업이 혁신형 중소기업에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타나, 혁신형 중소기업에 대한 정부의 자금 지원이 기업의 자체 연구개발 투자의 대체재가 아닌 보완재로 사용될 수 있도록 유인하는 제도적 장치가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 또한 기업의 기술적 혁신 활동과 성과는 인증 여부보다는 기업의 규모와 참여 업종에 더 큰 영향을 받으므로, 기술혁신 장려 정책 수립 시 이에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강성욱.이기훈 (2012), "국내 혁신형 중소기업 인증 정책제도의 비교분석 연구 : 오슬로 매뉴얼을 중심으로", 창조와 혁신, 5(2): 1-36.
  2. 김대진.박다인 (2016), "기업의 전략 및 정부 지원 정책이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향 : 혁신형 인증을 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 11(1): 13-26.
  3. 김인성.김소형.조용미 (2011), "이노비즈 (INNOBIZ) 기업 인증이 경영성과에 미치는 영향-코스닥상장 기업을 중심으로", 회계정보연구, 29(1): 183-210.
  4. 김주일 (2014), "혁신활동과 정부지원이 기업의 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 : 혁신형 중소기업과 일반기업의 비교를 중심으로", 건국대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.
  5. 성태경 (2005), "기업규모, 네트워크, 그리고 기술혁신 : 우리나라 제조업에 대한 실증 분석", 기술혁신연구, 13(3): 77-100.
  6. 송치웅 (2007), "부품소재 중핵기업의 기술혁신 결정요인 분석", 기술혁신학회지, 10(3): 431-457.
  7. 송치웅.오완근 (2010), "제조기업의 연구개발활동과 소비자지향성이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향", 기술혁신학회지, 13(1): 124-139.
  8. 신태영 (1999), "제조업기업의 기술혁신행태와 결정요인 : 기업규모와 기술혁신", 기술혁신학회지, 2(2): 169-186.
  9. 유연우.노재확 (2011), "제조 벤처기업에 대한 벤처인증과 이노비즈 인증의 효과 차이 분석", 기술혁신학회지, 14(2): 1000-1023.
  10. 윤정철 (2015), "기술혁신효과간 인과관계분석에 관한 종단적 연구", 숭실대학교 대학원 박사 학위 논문.
  11. 이경탁.김종웅 (2008), "중소기업간 협력활동이 협력성과에 미치는 영향", 경제연구, 26: 209-232.
  12. 이동주 ( 2007), "혁신형 중소기업 육성정책간 연계방안", 서울 : 중소기업연구원
  13. 이병헌.강원진.김영근.김선영 (2007), "혁신형 중소기업과 일반 중소기업 간 혁신역량의 차이와 정책적 시사점", 한국벤처창업학회 학술대회 논문집, 351-371.
  14. 이병헌.이수욱.위세안 (2014), "정부의 기술개발 지원이 중소기업의 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 9(5): 157-171.
  15. 이진주.이재희 (1998), "학술연구 : 벤처기업과 일반기업의 신제품개발 성패요인 비교분석", 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 1(2): 45-156.
  16. 이화득 (2009), "벤처기업의 연구개발비 감축과 미래 경영성과에 관한 연구", 회계정보연구, 27(4): 275-298.
  17. 장지호.김왕식.이병헌 (2008), "중소기업 혁신역량 진단 및 평가 지표의 국내외 활용사례", 사회과학연구, 24(2): 153-177.
  18. 전승표.성태응.서주환 (2016), "중소기업 R&D 정보 지원과 성과의 관계에 대한 연구 : ICT 기업을 중심으로", 한국기술혁신학회지, 19(1): 48-79.
  19. 중소기업청.중소기업중앙회 (2013), 2013년 중소기업기술통계조사 보고서.
  20. 진정숙.심기준.박주석 (2012), "혁신형 중소기업의 재무성과에 관한 연구", 한국경영공학회지, 17(1): 69-83.
  21. 진정숙.심기준.박주석 (2014), 2013년 중소기업기술통계조사 보고서.
  22. 진정숙.심기준.박주석 (2015), 2013년 중소기업기술통계조사 보고서.
  23. Arias-Aranda, D., Minguela-Rata, B. and Rodriguez-Duarte, A. (2001), "Innovation and Firm Size: An Empirical Study for Spanish Engineering Consulting Companies", European Journal of Innovation Management, 4(3): 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005671
  24. Arora, A. and Gambardella, A. (1990), "Complementarity and External Linkages: The Strategies of the Large Firms in Biotechnology", The journal of industrial economics, 361-379.
  25. Audretsch, D. B., Link, A. N. and Scott, J. T. (2002), "Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research", Research policy, 31(1): 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00158-X
  26. Baumol, W. J. (2002), The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism, New Jersey: Princeton university press.
  27. BCG (2006), Innovation 2006, Boston: The Boston Consulting Group.
  28. Belderbos, R., Carree, M., Diederen, B., Lokshin, B. and Veugelers, R. (2004), "Heterogeneity in R&D Cooperation Strategies", International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22(8): 1237-1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2004.08.001
  29. Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G. and Mol, M. J. (2008), "Management Innovation", Academy of management Review, 33(4): 825-845. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.34421969
  30. Bogliacino, F. and Pianta, M. (2010), "Innovation and Employment: a Reinvestigation Using Revised Pavitt Classes", Research Policy, 39(6): 799-809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.02.017
  31. Busom, I. (2000), "An Empirical Evaluation of the Effects of R&D Subsidies", Economics of innovation and new technology, 9(2): 111-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590000000006
  32. Cefis, E. and Orsenigo, L. (2001), "The Persistence of Innovative Activities: A Cross-countries and Cross-sectors Comparative Analysis", Research Policy, 30(7): 1139-1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00139-6
  33. Chesbrough, H. W. (2006), Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology, Boston: Harvard Business Press.
  34. Cohen, W. M. and Klepper, S. (1992), "The Anatomy of Industry R&D Intensity Distributions", The American Economic Review, 773-799.
  35. Daft, R. L. (1978), "A Dual-core Model of Organizational Innovation", Academy of management journal, 21(2): 193-210. https://doi.org/10.2307/255754
  36. Dahlman, C. J. and Westphal, L. E. (1981), "The Meaning of Technological Mastery in Relation to Transfer of Technology", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458(1): 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271628145800102
  37. Damanpour, F. and Aravind, D. (2012), "Managerial Innovation: Conceptions, Processes, and Antecedents", Management and Organization Review, 8(2): 423-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00233.x
  38. David, P. A., Hall, B. H. and Toole, A. A. (2000), "Is Public R&D a Complement or Substitute for Private R&D? A Review of the Econometric Evidence", Research policy, 29(4): 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00087-6
  39. Del Monte, A. and Papagni, E. (2003), "R&D and the Growth of Firms: Empirical Analysis of a Panel of Italian Firms", Research policy, 32(6): 1003-1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00107-5
  40. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Schoonhoven, C. B. (1996), "Resource-based View of Strategic Alliance Formation: Strategic and Social Effects in Entrepreneurial Firms", Organization Science, 7(2): 136-150. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.7.2.136
  41. Freel, M. S. (2000), "Do Small Innovating Firms Outperform Non-innovators?", Small Business Economics, 14(3): 195-210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008100206266
  42. Freel, M. S. (2003), "Sectoral Patterns of Small Firm Innovation, Networking and Proximity", Research policy, 32(5): 751-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00084-7
  43. Gans, J. and Stern, S. ( 2003), "When Does Funding Research by Smaller Firms Bear Fruit?: Evidence from the SBIR Program", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 12(4): 361-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/1043859022000014092
  44. Gemunden, H. G. and Heydebreck, P. (1995), "The Influence of Business Strategies on Technological Network Activities", Research Policy, 24(6): 831-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)00784-5
  45. Geroski, P., Machin, S. and Van Reenen, J. (1993), "The Profitability of Innovating Firms", The RAND Journal of Economics, 198-211.
  46. Hall, B. H. (2002), "The Financing of Research and Development", Oxford review of economic policy, 18(1): 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/18.1.35
  47. Helfat, C. E. (1997), "Know-how and Asset Complementarity and Dynamic Capability Accumulation: The Case of R&D", Strategic management journal, 339-360.
  48. Heunks, F. J. (1998), "Innovation, Creativity and Success", Small Business Economics, 10(3): 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007968217565
  49. Jensen, M. B., Johnson, B., Lorenz, E. and Lundvall, B. A. (2007), "Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation", The learning economy and the economics of hope, 155.
  50. Kamien, M. I. and Schwartz, N. L. (1982), Market structure and innovation, New York : Cambridge University Press.
  51. Khan, A. M. and Manopichetwattana, V. (1989), "Innovative and Noninnovative Small Firms: Types and Characteristic", Management Science, 35(5): 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.5.597
  52. Lach, S. (2002), "Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D? Evidence from Israel", The journal of industrial economics, 50(4): 369-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00182
  53. Lerner, J. (2000), "The Government as Venture Capitalist: the Long-run Impact of the SBIR Program", The Journal of Private Equity, 3(2): 55-78. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2000.319960
  54. Miller, W. L. and Morris, L. ( 2008), Fourth generation R&D: Managing knowledge, technology, and innovation, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  55. Morbey, G. K. (1988), "R&D: Its Relationship to Company Performance", Journal of product innovation management, 5(3): 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0737-6782(88)90022-7
  56. Mowery, D. C. (1983), "Economic Theory and Government Technology Policy", Policy sciences, 16(1): 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138466
  57. Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G. (2009), An evolutionary theory of economic change, Boston: Harvard University Press.
  58. OECD (2005), Oslo Manual: Guideline for collecting and interpreting innovation data (3rd ed.), Paris: A Joint Publication of OECD and Eurostat.
  59. Pavitt, K. (1984), "Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory", Research policy, 13(6): 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(84)90018-0
  60. Pavitt, K., Robson, M. and Townsend, J. (1989), "Technological Accumulation, Diversification and Organisation in UK Companies 1945-1983", Management science, 35(1): 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.1.81
  61. Preissl, B. (2000), Service innovation: what makes it different? Empirical evidence from Germany, In Innovation systems in the service economy, New York: Springer US, 125-148.
  62. Romanelli, E. and Tushman, M. L. (1986), "Inertia, Environments, and Strategic Choice: A Quasi-experimental Design for Comparative-longitudinal Research", Management Science, 32(5): 608-621. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.608
  63. Roper, S. (1997), "Product Innovation and Small Business Growth: A Comparison of the Strategies of German, UK and Irish Companies", Small Business Economics, 9(6): 523-537. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007963604397
  64. Scherer, F. M. (1965), "Firm Size, Market Structure, Opportunity, and the Output of Patented Inventions", The American Economic Review, 55(5): 1097-1125.
  65. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934), The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle, Boston: Harvard University Press.
  66. Schumpeter, J. A. ( 1939), Business cycles (Vol. 1), New York: McGraw-Hill.
  67. Serrano-Bedia, A. M., Concepcion Lopez-Fernandez, M. and Garcia-Piqueres, G. (2012), "Complementarity between Innovation Activities and Innovation Performance: Evidence from Spanish Innovative Firms", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 23(5): 557-577. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381211234408
  68. Tidd, J., Bessant, J. R. and Pavitt, K. (1997), Managing innovation: integrating technological, market and organizational change (Vol. 4), Chichester: Wiley.
  69. Vega-Jurado, J., Gutierrez-Gracia, A. and Fernandez-de-Lucio, I. (2009), "Does External Knowledge Sourcing Matter for Innovation? Evidence from the Spanish Manufacturing Industry", Industrial and corporate change, 18(4): 637-670. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtp023
  70. Wallsten, S. J. ( 2000), "The Effects of Government-industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: the Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program", The RAND Journal of Economics, 82-100.
  71. Wang, C. and Kafouros, M. I. (2009), "What Factors Determine Innovation Performance in Emerging Economies? Evidence from China", International Business Review, 18(6): 606-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.07.009
  72. Yin, X. and Zuscovitch, E. (1998), "Is Firm Size Conducive to R&D Choice? A Strategic Analysis of Product and Process Innovations", Journal of economic behavior & organization, 35(2): 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(98)00057-2