Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters (한국미생물·생명공학회지)

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks: Diagnosis for Effective Epidemic Disease Management and Control

에볼라 출혈열 발병 : 효과적인 전염병 관리 및 통제를 위한 진단

  • Kang, Boram (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyojin (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Macoy, Donah Mary (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Min Gab (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 강보람 (경상대학교 약학대학, 약학연구소) ;
  • 김효진 (경상대학교 약학대학, 약학연구소) ;
  • 도나 메리 멕코이 (경상대학교 약학대학, 약학연구소) ;
  • 김민갑 (경상대학교 약학대학, 약학연구소)
  • Received : 2017.01.23
  • Accepted : 2017.05.29
  • Published : 2017.06.28
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Abstract

The first Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan in 1976 and then emerged in West Africa in 2014 with a total of 27,741 cases and 11,284 deaths. The fever is caused by the Ebola virus, which belongs to the Filoviridae family and contains a ssRNA genome. The known subtypes of the virus are Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, $Ta\ddot{i}$ Forest ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus. The Ebola outbreak was historically originated majorly from the East and Central African tropical belt. The current outbreaks in West Africa caused numerous deaths and spread fear in global society. In the absence of effective treatment strategies and any vaccine, accurate diagnosis is the most important contributing factor in the management and control of the epidemic disease. WHO (World Health Organization) has announced emergency guidance for the selection and use of Ebola in in vitro diagnostic assays. Numerous companies and research institutions have studied the various diagnosis methods and identified four WHO procurement approved as diagnosis kits: RealStar Ebolavirus Screen RT-PCR kit 1.0 (Altona), Liferiver-Ebola Virus (EBOV) Real time RT-PCR kit, Xpert Ebola Assay, and ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test Kit. The efficiency of novel diagnostic kits such as Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT) is currently being evaluated.

첫 번째 에볼라 출혈열 발발은 1976년 콩고 민주 공화국과 수단에서 발생했으며, 이후 2014년서 아프리카에서 27,741건, 11,284건의 사망자가 발생했다. 발열은 Filoviridae 계열에 속하며 ssRNA 게놈을 가진 에볼라 바이러스에 의해 발생했다. 바이러스의 알려진 아형은 Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus 및 Zaire ebolavirus이다. 역사적으로 에볼라의 주요 발생 지역은 동부 및 중부 아프리카 열대 지방에서 발생했다. 서아프리카에서의 발발로 인해 전세계 사회에서 수많은 사망과 공포가 확산되었다. 효과적인 치료와 백신이 없는 상황에서 전염병을 관리하고 통제하는 가장 중요한 방법은 정확한 진단을 통해서이다. WHO(세계 보건기구)는 체외진단(IVD) 검사에서 에볼라의 선택과 사용에 관한 긴급 지침을 발표했다. RealStar Ebolavirus Screen RT-PCR 키트 1.0 (Altona), Liferiver-Ebola Virus (EBOV) 실시간 RT-PCR 키트, Xpert 에볼라 검사 및 ReEBOV 항원 검사를 통해 수많은 회사 및 연구 기관에서 진단을 받고 4가지 WHO 조달 승인 진단을 확인했다. 또한, 신속한 검사 키트 Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT)와 같은 새로운 진단법이 현재 연구 중이다.

Keywords

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