Journal of the Korean Society for Railway (한국철도학회논문집)

The Korean Society for Railway (한국철도학회)
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A Study of Careers and Traits of Railway Bureaucrat during the Japanese Colonial Period

일제 강점기 철도관료의 이력 및 특징에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2017.05.15
  • Accepted : 2017.06.20
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

This study analyzed the educational background, career, and post-retirement activities of notable bureaucrats employed at Chosun Railway Bureau during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. First, significantly, most railway bureaucrats were of Japanese origin, being specialized in railway operations and adjusted to occupation in a reserved organizational environment for a considerable time period. Second, the Japanese showed explicit eagerness to work at the Chosun Railway, which fitted their ideology of railway bureaucrats. In addition, almost 60% of the bureaucrat population had strong educational experience from Tokyo Imperial University, which is equal to the percentage of graduates from other institutions operating during the Japanese colonial period. Moreover, in the very early period of building the railway system, the demand for specialists was higher than for other jobs and divisions because of the railroad's complex infrastructure, which resulted in high job appointment rates. In a similar sense, based on a strong affiliation of bureaucrats with railways, the number of bureaucrats from Japanese Railway Worker's Bureau was higher initially because of bureaucrats from South Manchurian Railway Company. These changes essentially contributed to alteration of bureaucrats' awareness and created a more positive attitude regarding the Chosun Railway. In the meantime, as opposed to the Taiwan and Manchurian Railways, both Chosun Railway and the Taiwan Railway were operated in compliance with strong bureaucratic traditions.

본 연구는 일제강점기 조선철도 관료의 이력과 경력을 중심으로 철도국 주요관료의 학력과 경력 및 퇴직 후 활동을 분석하였다. 주요 특징으로는 첫째, 조선철도 관료들은 철도에 관한 전문성이 높고 폐쇄적 조직에서 장기간 근무하였으며 관료 대부분이 일본인이었다. 둘째, 조선철도를 일본 본토와 달리 자신들의 생각대로 운영하고자 하는 의지가 비교적 강했다. 조선철도국의 철도운영의 만철(남만주철도주식회사) 위탁 반대, "조선철도 12년 계획"수립, 자체적인 종업원 양성제도가 활성화된 것도 이와 같은 맥락에서 설명이 가능하다. 셋째, 철도관료의 학력은 도쿄제국대학 출신이 약 60%를 차지하고 있는데 이는 조선총독부 타 조직과 거의 비슷한 분포이다. 넷째, 전문가의 비율이 타부서보다 높고 철도의 특성상 전문직 임용이 높았는데, 특히 초기 철도 건설시기가 이러한 현상이 두드러졌다. 다섯째, 철도관료의 출신분포를 보면 초기에는 일본 철도 작업국 출신이 많았지만 이후 만철, 조선철도국 출신이 점차 많아졌다. 이는 조선철도에 대한 관료의식을 변화시키는 계기로 작용했다. 여섯째, 기술 관료의 임용은 1910년 이전 충원이 많았으며 일본 철도 작업국출신, 경부철도주식회사를 통한 임용이 대부분으로 임용제도의 특성상 학력이나 인맥 등이 작용 가능성이 컸다.

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