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Quality Characteristics of Baked Yakgwa Containing Different Amounts of Perilla frutescens Powder

자소엽 첨가량에 따른 구운 약과의 품질 특성

  • Kim, Su In (Department of Korean Cuisine, Jeonju University) ;
  • Lee, Jin Seon (Department of Agro-Bio & Food Industry, Jeonju University) ;
  • Son, Da Kyung (Department of Agro-Bio & Food Industry, Jeonju University)
  • 김수인 (전주대학교 한식조리학과) ;
  • 이진선 (전주대학교 농생명식품산업학과) ;
  • 손다경 (전주대학교 농생명식품산업학과)
  • Received : 2017.06.13
  • Accepted : 2017.07.26
  • Published : 2017.09.30

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of fried yakgwa and baked yakgwa prepared with different amounts of P. frutescens powder. Moisture contents of fried yakgwa were 7.05%, and moisture content of baked yakgwa with different amounts of P. frutescens powder were 12.42~10.44% and decreased with higher amount of P. frutescens powder. This result can be attributed to loss of water in yakgwa in the course of the fried process. Although the degree of expansion of baked yakgwa was lower than that of fried yakgwa, size and shape of yakgwa were maintained. Yakgwa is appropriate as a cookie type product. Crude lipid contents of fried yakgwa were higher than those of baked yakgwa due to the exchange reaction of water and fat during the fried process. Energy of fried yakgwa was 501 kcal and was higher than that of baked yakgwa with different amounts of P. frutescens powder. This greatly affected the fat content of each sample. Energy of baked yakgwa increased with higher amount of P. frutescens powder due to the characteristics of the ingredients or jasoyeop. For chromaticity determination, L values of fried yakgwa were lower, but a, and b values were higher than those of baked yakgwa, and L, a, and b values decreased when P. frutescens powder increased. Texture measurement showed that hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess increased with higher amounts of P. frutescens powder, whereas springiness decreased. The antioxidant activities of fried yakgwa measured based on DPPH scavenging activity were higher than those of baked yakgwa with 0%~0.2% P. frutescens powder and lower than those of baked yakgwa with 0.3%~0.4% P. frutescens powder. In the sensory evaluation, baked yakgwa with 0.1% addition of P. frutescens powder showed the highest preference in terms of overall acceptance, and 0% addition of P. frutescens powder showed the highest preference in terms of color and flavor. These results suggest that P. frutescens powder may be a useful ingredient in baked yakgwa to improve quality and sensory properties.

본 연구에서는 튀긴 약과(FY) 및 구운 약과(BY)의 자소엽 분말의 첨가 비율을 달리하여 약과를 제조하고 이화학적 품질 특성을 분석하였다. 수분함량은 튀긴 약과 7.05%, 자소엽 분말 첨가량에 따른 구운 약과가 12.42~10.44%로 튀긴 약과보다 구운 약과 및 자소엽 분말 첨가군이 높게 나타났으며, 자소엽 분말 함량에 비례하여 수분함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 튀기는 과정 중 약과 내 수분이 유실된 것으로 판단되며 구운 약과가 튀긴 약과보다 팽화율은 낮지만, 일정한 크기와 형태를 유지하여 튀긴 약과의 단점을 해소하며 동시에 쿠키 타입의 약과 제조에 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 조지방의 경우 튀긴 약과가 구운 약과보다 지방 성분이 높았으며, 이는 튀기는 과정에서 수분과 유지의 교환반응이 진행되기 때문으로 판단된다. 약과 열량의 경우 튀기는 조리법을 사용한 FY 시료는 501 kcal로, 오븐에 굽는 조리법을 사용하는 BY 시료군들에 비해서 약 65.8 kcal 정도 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 기름에 튀기는 조리법과 오븐에서 굽는 조리법에 따른 조지방의 함량 차이가 크게 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 약과의 색도는 튀긴 약과보다 구운 약과의 L값은 높게 나타났고 a, b값이 낮게 나타났으며, 이는 자소엽 분말 함량이 증가함에 따라 L, a, b값은 모두 감소하였다. 조직감의 경우 자소엽 분말의 첨가량에 비례하여 약과의 경도, 응집성, 씹힘성, 검성은 증가하였으나 탄력성은 감소하였다. 약과의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 BY 0.2~0.4% 시료군이 FY와 BY 0~0.1%에 비해 높게 나타났고, 자소엽 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화 활성도 증가하였다. 따라서 구운 약과 제조 시 자소엽 분말을 0.2% 이상 첨가하였을 때 항산화 효과가 증진함을 알 수 있었다. 관능평가에서 맛, 전반적인 기호도 평가에서는 BY 0.1% 시료가 가장 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났고 향과 색에서는 BY 0% 시료의 선호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 자소엽은 항산화 활성이 우수한 소재로 자소엽 분말을 첨가하여 구운 약과를 제조할 경우 열량 및 지방 감소, 항산화 활성 증가 효과를 알 수 있었고, 또한 구운 약과는 기존 튀긴 약과에 비해 경도 값이 쿠키 경도와 비슷하여 차후 약과 제품 유통 시 형태 보존에 대한 안전성 유지에 도움을 줄 것이다. 더불어 기존 튀긴 약과의 상품성, 맛과 품질을 개선해야 할 필요성을 인식할 기회를 제공하며 한국의 대표 디저트에 부합하는 약과 제조 방법 정립에 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

Keywords

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