Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Computer Game Exposure on Musculoskeletal Pathological Symptoms in Adolescents

  • Chae, Woen-Sik (Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jung, Jae-Hu (Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2018.01.29
  • Accepted : 2018.03.20
  • Published : 2018.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of computer game exposure on pathological musculoskeletal symptoms in adolescents. Method: This study included 10 male junior high school students who used computers less than 3 times a week for 1 hr per day. The subjects were asked to play computer games for 4 hr. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand and wrist, from the distal radius and ulnar head to the distal phalanges, and radiography of the cervical vertebrae were performed before and after playing computer games. For each dependent variable, a paired t-test was performed to identify significant changes before and after a 4-hr active computer game (p<.05). Results: The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons in the index and middle fingers were significantly reduced after playing computer games. The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons of other fingers did not show any significant differences, but there was a tendency toward a decrease after playing computer games. There was no significant change in the cervical lordosis angle before and after playing computer games. However, the cervical lordosis angle was relatively decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that computer game exposure had direct and indirect effects on morphological changes of flexor tendons. In addition, playing computer games for long periods of time can have a negative effect on normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, with the possible development of abnormalities. However, computer game exposure in adolescents cannot be decisively identified as a factor causing pathological symptoms, based on the results of this study alone. Thus, longterm longitudinal studies on the overall musculoskeletal system are necessary.

Keywords

References

  1. Armstrong, T. J. (1986). Ergonomics and cumulative trauma disorders. Hand Clinics, 2(3), 553-565.
  2. Bonel, H. M., Heuck, A., Frei, K. A., Herrmann, K., Scheidler, J., Srivastav, S. & Reiser, M. (2001). Carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment by turbo spin echo, spin echo, and magnetization transfer imaging applied in a low-field MR system. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 25(1), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200101000-00026
  3. Cho, W. H., Lee, W. Y. & Choi, H. K. (2008). An investigation on the biomechanical effects of turtle neck syndrome through EMG Analysis. Proceedings of the 2008 conference of korean society for precision engineering, 195-196.
  4. Gerr, F., Monteilh, C. P. & Marcus, M. (2006). Keyboard use and musculoskeletal outcomes among computer users. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16(3), 265-277.
  5. Guggenberger, R., Markovic, D., Eppenberger, P., Chhabra, A., Schiller, A., Nanz, D., Prussmann, K. & Andreisek, G. (2012). Assessment of median nerve with MR neurography by using diffusion-tensor imaging: normative and pathologic diffusion values. Radiology, 265(1), 194-203. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12111403
  6. Gupta, A. D. & Mahalanabis, D. (2006). Study of hand function in a group of shoe factory workers engaged in repetitive work. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16(4), 675-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-006-9048-x
  7. Han, S. A. & Lee, H. M. (2006). Concern with online game addiction and juvenile delinquency. Korea Association of Criminal Psychology, 2(1), 229-244.
  8. Harrison, D. E., Harrison, D. D., Troyanovich, S. J. & Harmon, S. (2000). A normal spinal position: it's time to accept the evidence. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 23(9), 623-644. https://doi.org/10.1067/mmt.2000.110941
  9. Hong, M. J. (2002). Computer-related working environments and musculoskeletal symptoms in the white collar workers. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Graduate School of Yonsei University.
  10. Jang, M. Y. (1998). The effect of computer mouse position and forearm support on muscular load. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Graduate School of Yonsei University.
  11. Kim, D. S. & Chae, W. S. (2012). Biomechanical analysis of a smartphone task with different postures. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 22(2), 253-259. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2012.22.2.253
  12. Kim, J. S. (2012). A Study on the Design Development of Ergonomical Mouse. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Graduate School of Kookmin University.
  13. Kim, Y. R. (2011). fMRI Study of Disembodiment in Internet Overuse Adolescents. Unpublished Doctor's Dissertation. Graduate School of Chungbuk National University.
  14. Lee, H. C. & Ahn, C. Y. (2002). Development of the internet game addiction diagnostic scale. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 7(2), 211-239.
  15. Lee, J. M. & Sim, J. W. (2010). Effects of computer game addiction in children. The Korean Society for Computer Game, 23(2), 237-245.
  16. Lee, K. Y., Lee, Y. J., Kim, S. H., Song, H. G. & Kim, J. (2002). MR imaging of carpal tunnel syndrome: The usefulness of MRI in treatment decisions. Journal of the Korean Society for Clinical Neurophysiology, 4(2), 114-118.
  17. Lim, J. S., Yoon, K. H., Lee, S., Cho, Y. E., Park, J. M., Lee, S. H. & Kim, Y. S. (2015). An analysis of the state of cervical disc herniation according to cervical lordosis and age. The Acupuncture, 32(3), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2015043
  18. Louis, D. S. (1987). Cumulative trauma disorders. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 12(5), 823-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(87)80242-3
  19. Monagle, K., Dai, G., Chu, A., Burnham, R. S. & Snyder, R. E. (1999). Quantitative MR imaging of carpal tunnel syndrome. American Journal of Roentgenology, 172(6), 1581-1586. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.172.6.10350293
  20. Moon, H. H., Jung, S. Y., Park, S. S., Kim, B. K. & Park, Y. J. (2014). The effect of corrective exercise on cobb's angle, static and dynamic foot pressure of patients with kyphosis. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 24(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.2.103
  21. Park, Y. S., Woo, B. H., Kim, J. M. & Lim, Y. T. (2012). Development of Wearing of Musculo-Skeletal Functional Garment for Adolescents' Idiopathic Scoliosis. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 22(3), 365-371. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2012.22.3.365
  22. Radack, D. M., Schweitzer, M. E. & Taras, J. (1997). Carpal tunnel syndrome: are the MR findings a result of population selection bias?. American Journal of Roentgenology, 169(6), 1649-1653. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.169.6.9393185
  23. Shim, H. T. (2001). A study on the effectiveness of wristbands for mouse user. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Graduate School of Hongik University.
  24. Uchiyama, S., Itsubo, T., Yasutomi, T., Nakagawa, H., Kamimura, M. & Kato, H. (2005). Quantitative MRI of the wrist and nerve conduction studies in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(8), 1103-1108. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.051060
  25. Voluse, A., Korkel, J. & Sobell, L. C. (2007). Self-change toolbox: Tools, tips, websites, and other informational resources for assessing and promoting self-change. Promoting self-change from addictive behaviors: Practical implications for policy, prevention, and treatment, 239-255.
  26. World Health Organization. (1987). Visual display terminals and workers' health.