Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Wetland Function Evaluation and Expert Assessment of Organic Rice-Fish Mixed Farming System

유기농 벼-담수어 복합영농의 습지기능평가 및 전문가 조사

  • Nam, Hongsik (Dept. of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Park, Kwanglai (Dept. of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • An, Nanhee (Dept. of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Sangmin (Dept. of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Cho, Junglai (Dept. of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Bongrae (Company limited by shares, Jinsolwon) ;
  • Lim, Jongahk (Jeollanam-do Ocean & Fisheries Science Institute) ;
  • Lee, Changwon (Jeollabuk-do Institute of Fisheries Technology) ;
  • Choi, Seonu (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Changhyun (Department of Landscape Architecture, Dankook University) ;
  • Kong, Minjae (Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Son, Jinkwan (Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA)
  • 남홍식 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 박광래 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 안난희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 이상민 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 조정래 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) ;
  • 김봉래 (진솔원) ;
  • 임종악 (전라남도 해양수산과학원) ;
  • 이창원 (전라북도 수산기술연구소) ;
  • 최선우 (전라북도농업기술원) ;
  • 김창현 (단국대학교 녹지조경학과) ;
  • 공민재 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업공학부) ;
  • 손진관 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업공학부)
  • Received : 2018.04.13
  • Accepted : 2018.05.14
  • Published : 2018.05.31
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Abstract

A mixed farming system that includes organic rice production and freshwater fish farming is being called into attention in Korean agricultural industry and rural areas in order to improve farm management and environmental conservation. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental and ecological value of such mixed farming practices. Expert assessment and rapid assessment method (RAM) of wetland evaluation were employed for this study. Experts have responded that biodiversity conservation including amphibian and reptile habitat (2.39), aquatic insect habitat (2.36), Fishery habitat (2.34), vegetation diversity (2.13), avian habitat (2.05), and experience and education were the most important function of mixed farming. The wetland function evaluation conducted using modified RAM indicated that rice-fish mixed system showed improvements in most of the evaluated functions, compared to the conventional rice paddies. The overall wetland function of rice paddies in rice-fish mixed system was greatly improved as compared with the conventional rice paddies. Rice paddies are known to play an important role in biodiversity maintenance, and provide ecosystem services such as climate modulation and carbon reduction. Rice-fish mixed system of farming may not only improve various ecosystem services of rice paddies, but may increase farm income through value added fish farming, as well as promotion of social services such as education and maintenance of tradition. Additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the values gained from the most improved wetland function when mixed farming system is actually put into practice, and to utilize the results in advertising of the organic rice, and in various sectors such as food, education and direct payment policy.

우리나라 농업 농촌은 경영 개선을 위해 유기농 쌀 생산과 더불어 담수어를 생산하는 복합영농이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 복합영농이 환경, 생태적 기능에 얼마나 가치가 있는지 알아보았다. 연구방법은 전문가 평가와 습지평가체계(RAM)를 분석하였다. 전문가 조사 결과 양서파충류 서식처(2.39), 수서곤충 서식처(2.36), 어류 서식처(2.34), 식생다양성(2.13), 조류 서식처(2.05) 등 생물다양성 분야와 체험/생태교육(2.29) 기능이 1순위로 구분되었다. Modified RAM를 통해 관행논과 복합논의 습지기능평가를 실시한 결과 복합논이 대부분의 평가기능 항목에서 기능이 향상 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 보전가치 판단기준은 관행논 향상에서 복합논 보전으로 가치가 향상 되었다. 연구결과 복합영농은 관행논에 비해 습지 기능이 탁월하게 개선되는 것을 평가를 통해 알 수 있었다. 논은 국가 생물다양성 유지에 지대한 역할을 수행하며, 기후조절, 탄소저감 등 다양한 생태계서비스를 제공하는 공간으로 평가받는다. 복합영농 실현은 논의 다양한 생태계서비스 기능을 증진시켜 줄 뿐 아니라 물고기 생산이라는 부가가치를 통한 농가의 소득증대와 그로 인한 체험, 전통계승 등의 사회적 기능 증진에도 유용 할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 습지기능평가가 높게 개선된 항목과 전문가들로부터 높은 개선이 예상된 항목을 실재 운영 시 정량 평가 및 조사하여 생산되는 물고기과 쌀의 친환경 이미지를 제고시키고 브랜드, 음식, 체험, 논농업 직불제 등 다양한 분야로 활용하도록 연구를 추가적으로 추진해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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