References
- Khan S, Memon MI. Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and bupivacaine-tramadol for postoperative analgesia in children with hypospadias repair. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2008; 18: 601-4.
- Stefano GB, Scharrer B, Smith EM, Hughes TK Jr, Magazine HI, Bilfinger TV, et al. Opioid and opiate immunoregulatory processes. Crit Rev Immunol 1996; 16: 109-44. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v16.i2.10
- Webster NR. Opioids and the immune system. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81: 835-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/81.6.835
- Carli F, Mayo N, Klubien K, Schricker T, Trudel J, Belliveau P. Epidural analgesia enhances functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life after colonic surgery: results of a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 540-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209000-00005
- Hole A, Unsgaard G, Breivik H. Monocyte functions are depressed during and after surgery under general anaesthesia but not under epidural anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1982; 26: 301-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01771.x
- Hashimoto T, Hashimoto S, Hori Y, Nakagawa H, Hosokawa T. Epidural anaesthesia blocks changes in peripheral lymphocytes subpopulation during gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39: 294-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04064.x
- Fan S, Zhong JL, Chen WX, Chen WL, Li QX, Wang YY, et al. Postoperative immune response and surgical stress in selective neck dissection: Comparison between endoscopically assisted dissection and open techniques in cT1-2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45: 1112-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2016.11.021
- Shakhar G, Ben-Eliyahu S. Potential prophylactic measures against postoperative immunosuppression: could they reduce recurrence rates in oncological patients? Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 972-92. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2003.02.007
- Raghavan S, Harvey AD, Humble SR. New opioid side effects and implications for long-term therapy. Trends Anaesth Crit Care 2011; 1: 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacc.2010.06.003
- Volk T, Schenk M, Voigt K, Tohtz S, Putzier M, Kox WJ. Postoperative epidural anesthesia preserves lymphocyte, but not monocyte, immune function after major spine surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 1086-92.
- Lönnqvist PA, Ivani G, Moriarty T. Use of caudal- epidural opioids in children: still state of the art or the beginning of the end? Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 747-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00953.x
- Snyder GL, Greenberg S. Effect of anaesthetic technique and other perioperative factors on cancer recurrence. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 106-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeq164
- Jensen KB, Lonsdorf TB, Schalling M, Kosek E, Ingvar M. Increased sensitivity to thermal pain following a single opiate dose is influenced by the COMT val (158)met polymorphism. PLoS One 2009; 4: e6016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006016
- Niesters M, Proto PL, Aarts L, Sarton EY, Drewes AM, Dahan A. Tapentadol potentiates descending pain inhibition in chronic pain patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113: 148-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeu056
- Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997; 23: 293-7.
- Liu YM, Zhu SM, Wang KR, Feng ZY, Chen QL. Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2008; 9: 895-902. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820039
- Zhou LW, Ding HL, Li MQ, Jin S, Wang XS, Ji LJ. Effect of tramadol on perioperative immune function in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgeries. Anesth Essays Res 2013; 7: 54-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0259-1162.113992
- Sacerdote P, Bianchi M, Gaspani L, Manfredi B, Maucione A, Terno G, et al. The effects of tramadol and morphine on immune responses and pain after surgery in cancer patients. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 1411-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200006000-00028
- Liu Z, Gao F, Tian Y. Effects of morphine, fentanyl and tramadol on human immune response. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2006; 26: 478-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-006-0427-5
- Watkins LR, Maier SF, Goehler LE. Immune activation: the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states. Pain 1995; 63: 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(95)00186-7
- Senel AC, Akyol A, Dohman D, Solak M. Caudal bupivacaine-tramadol combination for postoperative analgesia in pediatric herniorrhaphy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45: 786-9. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045006786.x
- Prakash S, Tyagi R, Gogia AR, Singh R, Prakash S. Efficacy of three doses of tramadol with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric inguinal herniotomy. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97: 385-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael155
- Lloyd-Thomas AR. Pain management in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1990; 64: 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/64.1.85
- Wolf AR, Hughes D, Wade A, Mather SJ, Prys-Roberts C. Postoperative analgesia after paediatric orchidopexy: evaluation of a bupivacaine-morphine mixture. Br J Anaesth 1990; 64: 430-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/64.4.430
- de Beer DA, Thomas ML. Caudal additives in children-solutions or problems? Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 487-98. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg064
- Kumar P, Rudra A, Pan AK, Acharya A. Caudal additives in pediatrics: a comparison among midazolam, ketamine, and neostigmine coadministered with bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2005; 101: 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ANE.0000153862.95153.2E
- Girwalkar-Bagle A, Thatte W, Choudhari S. Preemptive caudal anaesthesia in children with bupivacaine- tramadol and levobupivacaine-tramadol: a randomized, double-blind, prospective study. Anaesth Pain Intensive Care 2015; 19: 13-9.
- Güneş Y, Gündüz M, Unlügenç H, Ozalevli M, Ozcengiz D. Comparison of caudal vs intravenous tramadol administered either preoperatively or postoperatively for pain relief in boys. Paediatr Anaesth 2004; 14: 324-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01214.x
- Prosser DP, Davis A, Booker PD, Murray A. Caudal tramadol for postoperative analgesia in pediatric hypospadias surgery. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 293-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/79.3.293
- Murthy BV, Pandya KS, Booker PD, Murray A, Lintz W, Terlinden R. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in children after i.v. or caudal epidural administration. Br J Anaesth 2000; 84: 346-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013437
- Solanki NM, Engineer SR, Jansari DB, Patel RJ. Comparison of caudal tramadol versus caudal fentanyl with bupivacaine for prolongation of postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients. Saudi J Anaesth 2016; 10: 154-60. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.168807
Cited by
- Effects of dezocine and sufentanyl for postoperative analgesia on activity of NK, CD4 + and CD8 + cells in patients with breast cancer vol.17, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9964
- The plausible mechanisms of tramadol for treatment of COVID-19 vol.146, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110468
- Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol in Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia Strengthens Sedative Effect in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension vol.12, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.739749
- Repeated Administration of Clinically Relevant Doses of the Prescription Opioids Tramadol and Tapentadol Causes Lung, Cardiac, and Brain Toxicity in Wistar Rats vol.14, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020097
- Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2019 vol.141, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170547