Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Carbonaceous Aerosols Generated from Wood Charcoal Production Plants in the South Korea Context

  • Received : 2019.02.07
  • Accepted : 2019.04.24
  • Published : 2019.05.25
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Abstract

Herein, a case study discussing the effect of carbonaceous aerosol pollution, which is emitted during the charcoal kiln manufacturing processes or carbonization processes, on the atmospheric environment is presented . In South Korea, in situ analysis of different charcoal production plants specialized in the production of charcoal sauna indicate that the emitted organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) aerosols are significantly influenced by the nature of the biomass and technological processes, i.e., treatment or emissions abatement systems for the exhaust effluent gases. In detail, total carbon (TC), which is calculated as the sum of OC and EC emission factors, varied widely from a charcoal production site to another ranging from 21.8 to 35.8 gTC/kg-oak, where the mean value for the considered production sites was approximately 28 gTC/kg-oak (N = 7 and sum = 196.4). Results indicate that the emission factors from a modern charcoal production process in South Korea are quantitatively lower in comparison with the traditional kiln. This study aims to propose advanced wood processes for the production of charcoal from the viewpoint of environmental protection policy and green engineering.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. General production steps that are common to all visited charcoal-making kilns.

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Fig. 2. Typical emissions during the charcoal production period from different production sites. Difference between (d) before and (e) after the start of the collections and analysis of the emissions in the case of a traditionalkiln during the charcoal production in the site coded YC #1 with a total collection hood.

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Fig. 3. In situ measurement of exhaust gases as (a) PM2.5, (b) PM10, (c) CO, (d) NO, and (e) SO2 from different different charcoal production plants as specified in the text (see Table 1).

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Fig. 4. In situ measurement of exhaust gases as (a) OC and (b) EC from selectedcharcoal production sites as specified in the text (see Table 1).

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Fig. 5. Comparison of (a) PM2.5, (b) PM10, (c) CO, (d) NO and (e) SO2 emission factors per unit of wood (see Table 1). For each figure, the mean and standard deviation as well as the minimum and maximum values are reported.

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Fig. 6. Comparison of (a) OC, (b) EC, and (c) TC emission factors per unit of wood (gOC/kg-oak, gEC/kg-oak, and gTC/kg-oak) obtained from selected sites during the time of charcoal productions. (d) PM2.5/PM10, OC/PM2.5 and EC/PM2.5 ratios for the different sites.

Table 1. Technological characteristics of seven selected charcoal-making kilns (coded YC#1, HS#1, JC#1, YJ#1,YP#1, GP#1, and HN#1) in four different Korean provinces (Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Chungcheong, and Gyeonggi)

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Table 2. Physical and chemical characteristics of fuelled oak and obtained charcoal in and from the selected seven charcoal-making kilns

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