Analysis of the Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior for Tunnel Safety

터널안전에 대한 인적위험 요소와 대피행동 간의 관계분석

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between human risk factors and evacuation behavior stages for tunnel safety. Therefore, we conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire on the relationship between safety facilities and safety behavior in order to derive an optimized interaction between the two. The research subjects were 141 tunnel users who understand the tunnel environment. The survey period was from June 24, 2018, to September 28, 2018. As data analysis methods, we employed a frequency analysis, a multiple regression analysis, and an independent-sample t-test. In the analysis of the correlation between the human risk factors and the major variables of evacuation behavior, the evacuation phases 1, 2, and 3 were all correlated with acceleration and delay, and the human risk factors were partially correlated. In the multiple regression analysis, the will to comply with laws (${\beta}=0.188$, p=0.034) and information recognition within the tunnel (${\beta}=0.220$, p=0.009) were factors that influence the relationship between human risk factors and evacuation behavior, indicating 12% explanatory power of the impact of human risk factors for the acceleration of evacuation behavior 3. The important variables between human risk factors and evacuation behavior were compliance with laws and information recognition in tunnels. Hence, it is necessary to study the elements that interact with the environment in the tunnel.

본 연구는 터널 내 안전에 대한 인적위험 요소와 대피행동 단계 간의 관계분석을 위해 실시되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 터널을 이용하는 운전자로서 터널 환경을 이해하는 141명을 대상자로 하여 인적위험 요소와 대피행동에 대하여 터널 안전을 위해 안전시설물과 안전행동의 최적화된 상호작용을 이끌어 내기 위해 구조화된 설문을 통하여 관계 조사연구를 진행하였다. 설문조사 기간은 2018년 6월 24일부터 9월 28일까지 진행하였다. 자료 분석방법은 빈도분석, 다중회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis), Independent Sample t-test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 인적위험 요소와 대피행동 주요 변인간의 상관관계에 있어서 대피단계 1, 2, 3 가속화와 지연의 관계는 모두 상관관계가 있었으며, 인적위험 요소는 부분적으로 상관관계가 나타났다. 다음으로 다중회귀분석을 이용해 인적위험 요소와 대피행동 간의 영향관계에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 법규준수의지(${\beta}=0.188$, p=0.034)와 터널 내 정보인지(${\beta}=0.220$, p=0.009)로 나타나, 인적위험 요소가 대피행동 3 가속화에 미치는 영향력에 대한 12%의 설명력을 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 인적위험 요소와 대피행동 간의 중요한 변인은 법규준수와 터널 내 정보인지임을 확인하였다. 따라서 터널 내 환경과 상호작용하는 요소의 연구가 필요하다.

Fig. 1. Tunnel image photo

Fig. 2. Tunnel risk image order

Table 1. Running the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO) Test

Table 2. reliability statistics

Table 3. General of the sample

Table 4. Characteristics of the sample

Table 5. Correlation between human risk factors and evacuation behavior

Table 6. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 1 Acceleration Factors

Table 7. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 1 Delay Factors

Table 8. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 2 Acceleration Factors

Table 9. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 2 Delay Factors

Table 10. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 3 Acceleration Factors

Table 11. The Relationship between Human Risk Factors and Evacuation Behavior 3 Delay Factors

Table 12. Differences in safety distance and evacuation behavior1 Independent sample t-test

Table 13. Differences in safety distance and evacuation behavior2 Independent sample t-test

Table 14. Differences in safety distance and evacuation behavior3 Independent sample t-test