Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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An Analysis of a 100-Years-Old Map of the Heritage Trees in Jeju Island

제주도 노거수 자연유산의 100년 전과 현재 분석

  • Song, Kuk-Man (Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Yang-Ji (Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Seo, Yeon-Ok (Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Choi, Hyung-Soon (Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Choi, Byoung-Ki (Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 송국만 (국립산림과학원 난대 아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 김양지 (국립산림과학원 난대 아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 서연옥 (국립산림과학원 난대 아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 최형순 (국립산림과학원 난대 아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 최병기 (국립산림과학원 난대 아열대산림연구소)
  • Received : 2019.05.13
  • Accepted : 2019.06.19
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to verify and reconstruct the record information for big old trees of Jeju on the basis of the precise map of Jeju island in 1918 which was produced 100 years ago. For the analysis of high altitude, coordinate system and georeferencing were performed by selecting representative points using ArcGIS. We extracted digitized information by using point extraction method and extracted attribute information based on legend type and relative size in map. Based on the map of the past 100 years ago, the present situation of the big old tree in Jeju was analyzed and their characteristics were analyzed. In addition, based on the information of the protected big old trees in present, we discussed the characteristics of past tree (1918), present tree (2019), and contribution of big old tree in Jeju landscape and vegetation. As a result, 1,013 individuals were distributed in Jeju Island 100 years ago. Even when it was intensive in the use of timber, the big old trees were protected, and contributed as a representative component of Jeju's unique landscape. The remaining distribution of Jeju's big old tree is 159 trees. As in the past, distribution has been confirmed around the lowlands, but declines in numbers are found throughout the island. The major factors for the decline of individuals are large-scale development projects such as reaching the limit of life, natural disturbance (typhoon, disease, pest, drought, etc.). However, it is presumed that a large number of individuals have played a leading role in shaping the current forests as contributing to important species sources in the restoration process of Jeju vegetation. However, it is presumed that a large number of individuals (405) have played a leading role in forming the present forest by contributing to the species pool in the restoration process of Jeju vegetation.

본 연구는 100년 전 제작된 1918년 제주도 정밀 고지도를 바탕으로 당시 제주도의 노거수에 대한 기록정보를 확인하고 복원하여 기초정보를 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 고지도 분석을 위해 ArcGIS를 활용하여 대표지점 선정을 통한 좌표계 및 배율 일치작업을 수행하였다. 고지도에서 표기한 독립수 좌표정보를 점 추출법을 활용하여 디지타이징하였으며, 지도에서의 범례 형태 및 상대적 크기를 바탕으로 속성정보를 추출하였다. 100년 전의 고지도를 바탕으로 제주에 분포했던 노거수 현황을 파악하였으며, 당시 노거수의 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 현재 보호되고 있는 노거수 정보를 바탕으로 과거와 현재 노거수의 특성 및 제주 경관과 식생에서의 노거수 기여 가능성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 100년 전 제주도에는 1,013개체의 노거수가 섬 전역에 분포하고 있었다. 목재이용에 집약적이었던 당시 시대적 상황에도 불구하고 마을과 인접한 저지대에서도 노거수는 보호의 대상이 되었으며, 제주 고유 경관의 대표적인 구성요소로 존재해 왔다. 현재 잔존하고 있는 노거수는 총 159그루로 파악되었다. 과거와 마찬가지로 저지대 인가 주변에서 분포가 확인되고 있으며, 개체수의 감소는 섬 전역에서 확인된다. 개체 감소의 주요 요인으로는 제한수명 도달, 자연적 교란(태풍, 병해충, 건조 등)과 함께 인위적 교란(대규모 개발 사업, 목재이용 등)이 주도적으로 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 405개체에 이르는 많은 수의 개체는 제주 식생의 복원과정에서 중요 종급원으로 기여하여 현재의 숲을 형성하는데 주도적인 역할을 감당한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

HJOHBR_2019_v37n2_20_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. The Overlapping Process and Legend of Old Map, Distribution Map of Forest and Field in Korea(朝鮮林野分布圖). The Legend Consists of 12 Vegetation Elements, 11 Land-Use Elements and other Infrastructure Elements.

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Figure 2. A Distribution Status of Big Old Tree in Jeju. Comparison of 100 Years Ago(Left) and the Present(Right)

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Figure 3. A Distribution of Big Old Trees by Ten Interval Grades for Each Element (a): Relative Size Characteristics of Big Old Trees 100 years ago, (b): Age, (c): Height of Tree (d): Diameter of Breast Height. The Values b through d are the Current Population.

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Figure 4. A Changes of Big Old Tree and Forest Vegetation Between 100 Years Ago and the Present

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Figure 5. The Actual forest Area(2019) and Big Old Trees(405 individuals) of 1918 located inside the Forest. The Trees are Judged to have Turned into the Current Forest

Table 1. The Type and Information of Maps

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Table 2. A Distribution Characteristics of Big Old Tree by Administrative Region

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Table 3. A Leaf Types and Species Diversity

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Table 4. The Age, Height and DBH of Present Trees(BLT: Broad Leaved Tree, CFT: Coniferous Tree)

HJOHBR_2019_v37n2_20_t0004.png 이미지

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