Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes in Benthic Environments in Polluted Coastal Sediment Using Granulated Coal Ash as a Cover

석탄회 조립물의 피복에 따른 연안 오염퇴적물의 저서환경 변화

  • Jeong, Ilwon (Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyunghoi (Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University)
  • Received : 2018.12.26
  • Accepted : 2019.02.25
  • Published : 2019.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We carried out basic research to evaluate covering material for improving and managing contaminated benthic environments in coastal areas. Changes in nutrient concentration such as phosphate, hydrogen sulfide of contaminated sediment, and pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) were investigated through mesocosm experiments for 6 months by covering contaminated sediment with granulated coal ash. Calcium oxide eluted from the granulated coal ash was confirmed to neutralize acidified sediment by increasing pH through hydrolysis. Also, calcium oxide and silica eluted from the granulated coal ash adsorbed and precipitated with phosphate in the sediment. The concentration of phosphate in the sediment investigated decreased by ca. 84.31 %. Similarly, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreased by 133.5 mg/L in one month. The hydrogen sulfide is considered to have reacted with substances such as manganese oxide which were eluted from the granulated coal ash and precipitated. Also, it was concluded that the hydrogen sulfide was reduced since anaerobic conditions in the sediment weakened. According to the results of these mesocosm experiments, granulated coal ash was found to be effective to remediate and manage benthic environments by covering the surface layer of sediment.

연안지역의 오염된 저서환경을 개선 및 관리하기 위한 피복재의 성능 평가를 위하여 Mesocosm 실험을 수행하였다. 석탄회 조립물을 연안 오염 퇴적물에 피복하고 1, 3, 6개월 후의 pH, ORP(Oxidation Reduction Potential), 인산염 및 황화수소 농도 변화를 조사하였다. 석탄회 조립물에 함유되어 있는 산화칼슘은 가수분해 과정에 의해 산성화 된 퇴적물을 중화시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 석탄회 조립물에서 용출되는 칼슘 및 실리카 이온은 퇴적물 간극수 중의 인산염을 침전시켜 퇴적물 내의 인산염 농도를 84.31 % 감소시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 황화수소 농도는 1개월 만에 133.5 mg/L가 감소하였으며, 이는 황화수소가 석탄회 조립물 중의 산화망간과의 화학적 반응을 통해 침전되고, 퇴적물의 투수성 향상으로 퇴적물 내부의 혐기성이 약해졌기 때문으로 판단된다. 이상의 Mesocosm 실험 결과를 통해 석탄회 조립물을 오염된 퇴적물 상부에 피복하는 기술은 저서환경 개선에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA(1989), American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Standard Method for Examination of Water and Waste Water, Vol. 17, pp. 152-156.
  2. Asaoka, S., S. Hayakawa, K. H. Kim, K. Takeda, M. Katayama and T. Yamamoto(2012), Combined adsorption and oxidation mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide on granulated coal ash, J Colloid Interface Science, Vol. 377, No. 1, pp. 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.023
  3. Asaoka, S., H. Okamura, K. Kim, Y. Hatanaka, K. Nakamoto, K. Hino, T. Oikawa, S. Hayakawa and T. Okuda(2017), Optimum reaction ratio of coal fly ash to blast furnace cement for effective removal of hydrogen sulfide, Chemosphere, Vol. 168, pp. 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.070
  4. Asaoka, S. and T. Yamamoto(2010), Characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto granulated coal ash in seawater, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 1188-1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.03.032
  5. Billen, G., J. Garnier, C. Deligne and C. Billen(1999), Estimates of early-industrial inputs of nutrients to river systems: implication for coastal eutrophication, Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 243-244, pp. 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00327-7
  6. Chang, J. H.(2008), Criteria and Evaluation of Local Tidal Flat for Designation Conservation Sites in the Southwestern Coast of Korea, Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 1391-1402. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2008.17.12.1391
  7. Couceiro, F., G. R. Fones, C. E. L. Thompson, P. J. Statham, D. B. Sivyer, R. Parker, B. A. Kelly-Gerreyn and C. L. Amos(2013), Impact of resuspension of cohesive sediments at the Oyster Grounds (North Sea) on nutrient exchange across the sediment water interface, Biogeochemistry, Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9710-7
  8. Hao, O. J., J. M. Chen, L. Huang and R. L. Buglass(1996), Sulfate reducing bacteria, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 155-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389609388489
  9. Jickells, T. D.(1998), Nutrient Biogeochemistry of the Coastal Zone, Science, Vol. 281, No. 5374, p. 217. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.217
  10. Kang, K., Y. -K. Kim and S. -J. Park(2013), Phosphate Removal of Aqueous Solutions using Industrial Wastes, Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 49-57. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2013.55.1.049
  11. Kim, K. -H., I. -C. Lee, S. -H. Ryu, T. Saito and T. Hibino(2014), Application of Granulated Coal Ash for Remediation of Coastal Sediment, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2014.17.1.1
  12. Kim, K. -M., K. -H. Kim, I. -C. Lee and T. Hibino(2018), Changes in Performance of Granulated Coal Ash on Remediation of Coastal Sediment, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 40-45. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2018.21.1.40
  13. Maeng, J. -H., T. -Y. Kim and D. -H. Seo(2014), Minimizing Environmental Impact in Accordance with the Thermal Power Plant Ash Management (I). Korea Environment Institute.
  14. MLTM(2013), Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Report on the outcome of land use map of foreshore, Vol. 34.
  15. Nakamoto, K., T. Hibino, K. Hino and N. Touch(2015), Granulated Coal Ash - used Method for Remediation of Organic Matter Enriched Coastal Sediments, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 116, pp. 326-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.297
  16. Oviatt, C., L. Smith, J. Krumholz, C. Coupland, H. Stoffel, A. Keller, M. C. McManus and L. Reed(2017), Managed nutrient reduction impacts on nutrient concentrations, water clarity, primary production, and hypoxia in a north temperate estuary, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 199, pp. 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.09.026
  17. Park, Y. -G., S. -H. Choi, M. Katsumi, J. -S. Lee, S. -G. Gang and J. -H. Hwang(2007), Review on Ocean Carbon Sequestration through Direct Injection, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 118-124.
  18. Touch, N., T. Hibino, H. Takata and S. Yamaji(2017), Loss on Ignition-Based Indices for Evaluating Organic Matter Characteristics of Littoral Sediments, Pedosphere, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 978-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60487-9
  19. Xu, X., X. Cao, L. Zhao and T. Sun(2014), Comparison of sewage sludge- and pig manure-derived biochars for hydrogen sulfide removal, Chemosphere, Vol. 111, pp. 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.014
  20. Yamamoto, H., T. Yamamoto, Y. Mito and S. Asaoka(2016), Numerical evaluation of the use of granulated coal ash to reduce an oxygen-deficient water mass, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 188-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.001
  21. Yan, J., D. W. Kirk, C. Q. Jia and X. Liu(2007), Sorption of aqueous phosphorus onto bituminous and lignitous coal ashes, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 148, No. 1, pp. 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.055
  22. Yu, Y., R. Wu and M. Clark(2010), Phosphate removal by hydrothermally modified fumed silica and pulverized oyster shell, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 350, No. 2, pp. 538-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.06.033
  23. Zheng, Q. and V. V. Klemas(2018), 8.04 - Coastal Ocean Environment, Comprehensive Remote Sensing. pp. 89-120.