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Analysis of Discharge Characteristics and Fire Risk of Mobile Phone Batteries according to the Concentration of Salt Water

염수농도에 따른 휴대폰 배터리의 방전특성과 화재 위험성 분석

  • Received : 2019.11.19
  • Accepted : 2020.02.11
  • Published : 2020.02.28

Abstract

The process of discharging batteries using salt water, when used for the disposal of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, is likely to cause a fire. However, there is a dearth of studies in the literature on the risk of fire while discharging mobile phone batteries in salt water. In order to investigate the possibility of fire by elucidating the discharge characteristics and the generation of heat, we conducted experiments by varying the concentration of the salt water, number of overlapping batteries, and type of the mobile phone batteries used as experimental specimen. The discharging voltage and the temperature of the batteries were measured, and the fire risk was predicted by analyzing the data. The results of the experiment showed that the higher the salt water concentration, the greater the discharge value of the mobile phone battery and the higher the exothermic temperature. Moreover, the exothermic temperatures of the overlapping batteries were higher than that of the single battery submerged in salt water. The highest exothermic temperature points of the battery occurred at the positive and negative poles.

리튬-이온 배터리를 폐기하는 방법으로 흔히 사용되고 있는 염수를 이용한 방전 방법은 자칫 화재로 이어질 개연성이 있음에도 불구하고 배터리의 염수 방전 과정의 화재 위험성에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 리튬-이온 배터리 중 휴대폰 배터리를 대상으로 하여 염수에 배터리를 담가 방전 시킬 때 방전특성과 발열에 의한 화재 발생 가능성을 확인하고자 염수농도와 배터리의 개수를 변화시킨 여러 조건에서 실험을 수행하였다. 각 조건에서 방전전압 및 배터리의 발열온도를 측정하여 방전 과정 및 발열에 의한 화재 위험성을 예측하였다. 실험 결과로는, 염수농도가 높을수록 휴대폰 배터리의 방전이 더 잘 되었으며, 발열온도 또한 높게 측정 되었고, 염수에 침수된 배터리 1개의 발열온도보다 중첩된 배터리의 발열온도가 더 높게 측정되었다. 또한, 배터리의 가장 높은 발열이 발생하는 부분은 (+),(-)전극에서 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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