Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of University Students' Covert Narcissism on Their Interpersonal Relationship Skills: Mediated Effects of Adult Attachment

대학생의 내현적자기애가 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향: 성인애착의 매개효과를 중심으로

  • Jin, I Ju (Department of Child & Family, Kyungpook national University)
  • 진이주 (경북대학교 아동가족학과)
  • Received : 2020.10.28
  • Accepted : 2021.01.08
  • Published : 2021.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study reviewed the interpersonal relationship skill of university students who have the higher tendency of covert narcissism by adult attachment that is negative emotion among internal psychological states and to verify the mediated effect on adult attachment in the relationship between covert narcissism and interpersonal relationship skill so as to relieve their interpersonal problems. The study subjects included 447 university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and survey research was conducted from July 6 to 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Study results are as follows. First, covert narcissism of university students was shown to negatively affect interpersonal relationship skills. Second, covert narcissism of university students was shown to positively affect adult attachment. Third, adult attachment of university students was shown to negatively affect interpersonal relationship skills. Fourth, the significant mediated effect of adult attachment was found in the relationship between covert narcissism of university students and their interpersonal relationship skill. The study results imply that it is necessary to assist university students who are not good at developing interpersonal relationships to enhance their attachment level together with efforts to change covert narcissism.

본 연구는 내현적자기애 성향이 높은 대학생들의 대인관계문제를 완화시키기 위해 그들의 핵심 정서인 내적 심리상태 중 부정적 정서인 성인애착을 통한 대인관계능력과의 관계를 검토하고, 내현적자기애와 대인관계 능력의 관계에서 성인애착에 대한 매개효과를 검증해보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울·경기 지역의 대학생 447명으로 2020년 7월 6일부터 31일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, t-test, 일원분산분석, Pearson의 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형, 부트스트래핑, sobel-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 내현적자기애는 대인관계능력에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 내현적자기애는 성인애착에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생의 성인애착은 대인관계능력에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 내현적자기애와 대인관계능력 간의 관계에서 성인애착은 유의한 매개효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 대인관계에 어려움을 겪는 대학생들에게 내현적자기애를 변화시키는 노력과 함께 애착 수준을 향상시킬 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. H. L. Lim, Y. S. Lee, "Mediating Effects of Distress Tolerance in Relation to Internalized Shame and Anger Expression Style", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Vol.29, No.1 pp.159-178, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2017.02.29.1.159
  2. H. S. Kim, "The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of Traditional Performing Arts", The Korean Journal of Arts Studies, Vol.16, pp.5-22, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4153412
  3. J. M. Choi, N. W. Chung, "The Impacts of Covert Narcissism on Career Indecision: Testing the Mediating Effects of Fear of Negative Evaluation and Self-Concept Clarity", The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, Vol.21, No.1, pp.47-64, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.1.003
  4. M. S. Kim, E. J. Joo, "The Influence of Intrinsic Covert Narcissism on Interpersonal Competence of College Students: Mediating Effect of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Social Support", The Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.11, No.1, pp.1021-1034, 2020.
  5. M. S. Lee, D. H. Lee, "The Mediating Effects of Shame and Self-criticism in the Relation between Covert Narcissism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Vol.26, No.4, pp.973-992, 2014.
  6. E. H. Erikson, Youth: Change and challenge. New York: Norton Books, 1963.
  7. H. S. Jeon, K. P. Hong, "Relationship of user characteristics of SNS and Interpersonal Problems of university students", Korean Society For Computer Game, Vol.30, No.1, pp.41-47, 2017.
  8. B. R. Shin, S. Y. Lee, "The Mediating Effects of School Adjustment on the Relationship between Adolescents' Covert Narcissism and Depressive Symptoms", Journal of Education & Culture, Vol.24, No.3, pp.331-347, 2018.
  9. J. S. Lee, M. H. Hyun, "The effects of fear of negative evaluation, passive coping style and perceived social support on depression of covert narcissism", Korea Youth Research Association, Vol.19, No.4, pp.161-181, 2012.
  10. Y. H. Kim, "The Effects of Anxious Attachment on Social Anxiety in College Students: Mediation Effects of Self-Esteem, Shame and Narcissistic Vulnerability", The Korean Society of Stress Medicine, Vol.27, No.2, pp.174-182, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2019.27.2.174
  11. T. S. Kim, K. H. Lee, "The Mediating Effect of Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy in the Relation between Narcissism and Career Decision Level in College Students", Asian Journal of Education, Vol.13, No.4, pp.123-141, 2012. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2012.13.4.006
  12. Y. R. Kim, M. K. Jin, "The Mediating Effects of Perfectionism on the Relationships between Covert Narcissism and the Interpersonal Problems of University Students", Journal of Child Welfare and Development, Vol.12, No.3, pp.1-16, 2014.
  13. B. O. Choi, "The Mediating Effect of Self-Concept Clarity in the Relationship between Narcissistic Vulnerability Trait and Subjective Well-Being", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.23, No.7, pp.143-166, 2016. https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2016.07.23.7.143
  14. J. M. Kim, M. H. Hyun, "The effect of psychological parentification on interpersonal problems : The mediating effect of covert narcissism", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.24, No.11, pp.123-139, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2017.11.24.11.123
  15. M. B. Sperling, W. H. Berman, Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives. Guilford Press, 1994.
  16. D. W. Lee, The Mediating Effect of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation in Relation Between Adult Attachment and Interpersonal Problems among Undergraduates. Master's Thesis, Myongji University of Korea, 2015.
  17. J. K. Ahn, M. S. Chang, "The Relationship between Adult Attachment and Conflict Resolution Strategies in Romantic Friends: The Mediating Effects of Empathy", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.7, No.3, pp.363-394, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2017.11.24.11.123
  18. S. K. Kang, S. H. Ko, S. H. Han, "The Mediating Effect of Internalized Shame in the Relationships among Students Social Anxiety, Negative Emotion, Covert Narcissism and Depression", CNU Journal of Educational Studies , Vol.32, No.2, pp.1-27, 2011. https://doi.org/10.18612/cnujes.2011.32.2.1
  19. S. I. Shin, "The Relationships of Stress Coping Styles and College Adjustment according to Adult Attachment Style", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.22, No.4, pp.1-21, 2015.
  20. J. S. Lankler, Adult attachment styles and relationship themes: Is there an empirical link?. Adelphi University, The Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, 2005.
  21. B. R. Thompson, P. R. Green, "Classroom strategics for identifying and helping college students at risk for academic failure", Journal of College Student, Vol.36, No.3, pp.398-402, 2002.
  22. H. k. Park, S. A. Kim, "A meta-analytic review of koreans' cultural self-orientation: Focusing on collectivism and individualism", Locality and Globality: Korean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.42, pp.5-37, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33071/ssricb.42.3.201812.5
  23. M. J. Lee, "Interpersonal relationship patterns of overt and covert narcissicm: Through a structural analysis of social behavior", Korean Psychologial Assocoaition Annual Conference, Vol.3, No.1, pp.251-251, 2012.
  24. S. K. Lee, Paloma Benavides, Y. H. Heo, S. W Park. "Narcissism increase among college students in korea: A cross-temporal meta-analysis(1999-2014)", Korean Journal of Psychology: General, Vol.33, No.3, pp.609-628, 2014.
  25. S. Freud, On narcissism: An introduction. London: Hogarth Press, 1953.
  26. K. Dombek, The selfishness of others: An essay on the fear of narcissism. New York: FSG Originals, 2016.
  27. S. Akhtar, A. Thompson, "Overview: Narcissistic Personality Disorder", American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.139, No.1, pp.12-20, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.139.1.12
  28. N. R. Shin, S. H. Jueng, "A narrative inquiry on career experience of female college students with the covert narcissistic tendency", Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol.22, No.4, pp.511-532, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2017.22.4.003
  29. S. Hibbard, "Narcissism, shame, masochism, and object relations: An exploratory correlational study", Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol.9, No.4, pp.489-508, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079392
  30. C. A. Pepping, A. O'Donovan, M. J. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. Hanisch, "Individual differences in attachment and eating pathology: The mediating role of mindfulness", Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.75, pp.24-29, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.040
  31. K. A. Brennan, C. L. Clark, P. R. Shaver, Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. The Guilford Press, 1998.
  32. M. Ainsworth, B. Witting, B, Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. In Determinants of infant behavior (vol.4). New York: Barners & Noble Books, 1969.
  33. M. W. Baldwin, J. P. R. Keelan, B. Fehr, V. Enns, E. Koh-Rangarajoo, "Social-cognitive conceptualization of attachment working models: Availability and accessibility effects", Journal of Personality and social Psychology, Vol.71, No.1, pp.94-109, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.94
  34. M. Main, N. Kaplan, N, J. Cassidy, "Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation", Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol.50, No.1/2, pp.66-104, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827
  35. H. K. Lee, Y. M. Jo, "The relation between adult attachment and social anxiety: The mediation effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction and experiential avoidance", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.14, No.2, pp.1227-1245, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.2.201304.1227
  36. H. J. Lee, The mediating effect of internalized shame on the relationship between adult attachment and abandonment anxiety in undergraduate. Master's Thesis, Suwon University of Korea, 2020.
  37. M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. Elsevier Academic Press.
  38. M. J. Lee, The relationship between Preschoolers' attachment representation and self-perception. Master's Thesis, Yonsei University of Korea, 2002.
  39. H. J. Lee, M. H. Ahn, "Maternal insecure adult attachment and psychological control: Mediating role of mentalization and negative emotion", The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol.17, No.3, pp.413-434, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2012.17.3.006
  40. G. S. Lee, N. W. Jung, "Differences between emotional control patterns and effectiveness according to adult attachment types", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Vol.15, No.4, pp.779-793, 2003.
  41. T. G. Yun, J. M. Lee, "The effect of parent-young adult relationship and self-differentiation on interpersonal problems among 20s", Journal of Family Relations, Vol.21, No.4, pp.75-98, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21321/jfr.21.4.75
  42. J. S. Lee, H. J. Chung, "The relationships of parent-child relationship and self-differentiation with interpersonal competence among college students", Journal of Family Relations, Vol.21, No.1, pp.99-121, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21321/jfr.21.1.99
  43. S. Y. Lim, Y. J. Lim, "Covert narcissism and SNS addiction in university students: The mediating effect of perfectionistic self-presentation". Human Understanding, Vol.38, No.2, pp.131-145, 2017.
  44. E. H. Park, Mediation effects of self-esteem and interpersonal relationship in the relations between adult attachment and adaptation to college. Doctoral Thesis, Kyungil University of Korea, 2014.
  45. E. L. Thorndike, "A constant error in psychological ratings", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.4, No.1, pp.25-29, 1920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071663
  46. B. H. Spitzberg, W. R. Cupach, Interpersonal skills. The Sage handbook of interpersonal communication, 2011.
  47. D. Buhrmester, W. Furman, M. T. Wittenberg, H. T. Reis, "Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.55, No.6, pp.991-1008, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.991
  48. H. D. Lee, S. C. Han, Human understanding and education. Seoul: JoongAng Publishing House.
  49. M. S. Lee, G. M. Chae, "The mediating effects of emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal relationship abilities", Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, Vol.12, No.1, pp.63-75, 2012.
  50. K. H. Suh, S. Son, "Relationships between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being: Focus on the mediating effects of interpersonal competence", The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, Vol.19, No.2, pp.619-639, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2014.19.2.010
  51. S. J. Lee, "The effect of sense of social connectedness and autonomy on college adjustment and subjective well-being among university students: Testing a mediation effect of interpersonal problems", The Korean Journal of School Psychology, Vol.6, No.2, pp.229-248, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2009.6.2.229
  52. C. b. Lee, H. s. Jeon, "The effect of family differentiation on interpersonal competence of college students: Mediating effect of self-concept", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.16, No.6, pp.465-483, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.16.6.201512.465
  53. H. I. Jo, M. J. Bae, "The relationship between covert narcissism, self-esteem, cognitive/affective empathy and interpersonal competence", Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.15, No.6, pp.2417-2435, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.6.201412.2417
  54. K. A. Weikel, R. M. Avara, C. A. Hanson, H. Kater, "College adjustment difficulties and the overt and covert forms of narcissism", Journal of College Counseling, Vol.13, No.2, pp.100-110, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2010.tb00052.x
  55. M. C. Wells, M. B. Hill, M. B, G. Brack, C. J. Brack, E. E. Firestone, E. E, "Codependency's relationship to defining characteristics in college students", Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, Vol.20, No.4, pp.71-84, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1300/J035v20n04_07
  56. H. Y. Na, T. S. Shin, "The relationship between covert narcissism and social interaction anxiety: The mediating effects of internalized shame and the gap between self-presentation motivation and expectancy", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Vol.28 No.3 pp.695-717, 2016. https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2016.08.28.3.695
  57. M. J. Lee, J. B. Jung, "The analysis of interpersonal behavior pattern for undergraduate with cover and overt narcissistic tendencies: A structural analysis of social behavior", The Korean Psychological Association, Vol.3, No.1, pp.119-146, 2017.
  58. R. A. Emmons, "Narcissism: Theory and measurement", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.52, No.1, pp.11-17, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
  59. V. Zeigler-Hill, C. B. Clark, J. D. Pickard, "Narcissistic subtypes and contingent self‐esteem: Do all narcissists base their self-esteem on the same domains?", Journal of Personality, Vol.76, No.4, pp. 753-774, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00503.x
  60. Y. H. Seo, "The causal relationship among academic resilience, covert narcissism, interpersonal competence and self-efficacy of nursing students", The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.35, No.4, pp.1156-1174, 2018.
  61. S. W. Jung, The effects of covert narcissism and social self-efficacy, adult attachment on interpersonal problems in university students. Master's Thesis, Dongguk University of Korea, 2018.
  62. K. Smolewska, K. Dion, "Narcissism and adult attachment: A multivariate approach", Self and Identity, Vol.4, No.1, pp.59-68, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000218
  63. L. J. Otway, V. L. Vignoles, "Narcissism and childhood recollections: A quantitative test of psychoanalytic predictions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.32, No.1, pp.104-116, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205279907
  64. E. H. Kim, The mediational effectof vulnerability and covert narcissism in the relationship between adult attachment and social anxiety. Master's Thesis, Kyungpook National Universit of Korea, 2008.
  65. J. H. Park, The relationship between adult attachment and dating violence: The mediating effects of covert narcissism and rejection sensitivity. Master's Thesis, Catholic University of Korea, 2018.
  66. J. Bowlby, A secure base. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
  67. H. M. Oh, The effect of teachers' perceived unstable adult attachment on interpersonal ability: Mediating effect of mattering. Master's Thesis, Kangwon National University of Korea, 2020.
  68. J. W. Shin, H. J. Bang, "Attachment and interpersonal competence: The relative effect of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety", The Korean Psychological Association, No.1, pp.278-279, 2006.
  69. K. M. Song, H. H. Park, "The intermediation effect of interpersonal existence on the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal ability of office workers", The Korean Journal of the Human Development, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 113-131, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15284/kjhd.2016.23.3.113
  70. K. M. Song, H. H. Park, "The intermediation effect of interpersonal existence on the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal ability of office workers", The Korean Journal of the Human Development, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 113-131, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15284/kjhd.2016.23.3.113
  71. M. Mikulincer, O. Nachshon, "Attachment styles and patterns of self-disclosure", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.61, No.2, pp.321-331, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.321
  72. S. H. Gang, N. W. Chung, "A study on the development and validation of the covert narcissism scale", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Vol.14, No.4, pp.969-990, 2002.
  73. Y. J. Han, The mediating effects of irrational belief and cognitive empathy on the relationship between covert narcissism and interpersonal competence of university students. Doctoral Thesis, Gachon University of Korea, 2017.
  74. R. C. Fraley, N. G.Waller, K. A. Brennan, "An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.78, No.2, pp.350-365, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
  75. S. H. Kim, A study on the feasibility of the revision of the intimacy test: Focused on the proof factor analysis and question reaction theory. Master's Thesis, Seoul National University of Korea, 2004.
  76. R. H. Park, The effect of adult attachment and self-elasticity levels of korean university students and chinese students in korea on the response behavior of conflict between people. Doctoral Thesis, Kyunghee University of Korea, 2015.
  77. C. D. Kim, S. I, Kim, "A study on the effect of group consultation program on the improvement of interpersonal ability", Seoul National University Student Life Research Institute, Student Research, Vol.35, No.1, pp.83-95. 1999.
  78. J. Y. Park, A study on the effect of college students' self-directed learning, creativity, personal relationship in regards to career decision making and career preparation behavior. Doctoral Thesis, Kwandong University of Korea, 2013.
  79. R. M. Baron, D. A. Kenny, "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.51, No.6, pp.1173-1182, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  80. J. Bowlby, Attachment and loss: Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic books, 1980.
  81. S. M. Kang, H. K. Lim, "The Impact of Overprotection and Parentification on Covert Narcissism of University Students", Korean Journal of Youth Studies, Vol.19, No.4, pp.53-78, 2012.
  82. Y. J. Lee, H. Y. Min, Y. M. Lee, "The relationships between ego-resilience, adult attachment types, and college adjustment", Asian Journal of Education, Vol.5, No.4, pp.125-144, 2004.