Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Female University Students' Gender-Role Stereotype on Sexual Assertiveness: Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem

여대생의 성역할고정관념이 성적자기주장에 미치는 영향: 자아존중감의 매개효과

  • 이혜림 (서울시립 노원 청소년센터 특화사업팀) ;
  • 한유진 (명지대학교 아동학과)
  • Received : 2020.09.15
  • Accepted : 2021.01.08
  • Published : 2021.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study focused on the sex culture and the sexual rights of women, examining the gender-role stereotype that is related to the protection of the sexual rights of female college students and identifying the influence of self- esteem. The research was conducted on gender-role stereotypes, sexual assertiveness, and self-esteem among female university students attending four-year universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi. Four hundred eighty-two copies were used for analysis. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to identify the correlation between the variables. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the mediated effects of self-esteem in the effects of gender-role stereotypes on sexual assertiveness. The Sobel test was conducted to confirm that the effects were statistically significant. The results of this study were as follows. First, the gender-role stereotype had negative correlations with self-esteem and sexual assertiveness. Self-esteem had positive correlations with sexual assertiveness. Second, self-esteem was found to be a partial mediating factor when the gender-role stereotype had a statistically significant effect on sexual assertiveness. Therefore, a coping strategy under the influence of the gender-role stereotype is necessary for improving the sexual assertiveness skill of female students. This study also suggests the need for sex role-related education programs or counseling on self-esteem.

본 연구는 빠르게 변화하는 성문화와 높아지고 있는 여성의 성적 권리에 초점을 맞추었다. 여대생들의 성적 권리 보호와 밀접한 관계가 있는 성적자기주장에 영향을 미치는 우리 사회의 성역할고정관념에 대해 알아보고, 이와 관련된 자아존중감의 영향력 또한 함께 규명하였다. 연구대상은 서울, 경기 소재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 여대생을 대상으로 성적자기주장과 성역할고정관념, 자아존중감에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 총 482부가 분석에 사용되었다. 여대생의 성적자기주장, 성역할고정관념, 자아존중감의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 상관관계 분석을 실시하였고, 여대생의 성역할고정관념이 성적자기주장에 미치는 영향에서 자아존중감의 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 절차에 따라 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한 여대생의 자아존중감의 매개효과가 통계적으로 유의미한지 확인하기 위하여 소벨 테스트(Sobel test)를 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여대생의 성역할고정관념, 성적자기주장, 자아존중감 간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 성역할고정관념은 자아존중감(r=-.24, p<.01), 성적자기주장(r=-.39, p<.01)과 유의한 부적 상관을 나타냈으며, 자아존중감은 성적자기주장(r=.20, p<.01)과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 여대생의 성역할고정관념과 성적자기주장의 관계에서 자아존중감은 모두 유의한 매개효과를 살펴본 결과, 성역할고정관념이 성적자기주장에 통계적으로 유의한 영향(β=.45, p<.001)을 미칠 때, 자아존중감이 부분 매개(β=.42, p<.001)하는 것임을 확인하였다(Sobel test: Z.=9.16, p<.05). 따라서 여대생의 성적자기주장 능력 향상을 위해 성역할고정관념의 영향력에 대한 대처 전략이 필요하며, 이를 성역활 관련 교육 프로그램이나 자아존중감 관련 상담의 필요성을 시사 하는 바이다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. H. Choi, "Factors influencing sexual assertiveness among women college students" Master's thesis, Yonsei University, pp.9-10, 2005.
  2. S. MacNeil, E. S. Byers, "The relationships between sexual problems, communication, and sexual satisfaction", The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, Vol.6, No.4, pp.277-283, 1997.
  3. S. H. Cho, "Study on Sexual Behavior of University Students who Experienced Dating", Ph.D dissertation, Myong Ji University, pp.85-90, 2012.
  4. O. S. Yoo, "An Explanatory Model of Unwanted Sexual Compliance with Dating Partners among College Students", Korean Journal Of Counseling And Psychotherapy, vol.16, No.4, pp.793-812, 2004.
  5. H. S. Chae, "Correlations amongs sex role stereotypes, sex role identity, self-esteem and the perception of home economics education of students at middle and high school", Master's thesis, Seoul National University, pp.8-9, 1999.
  6. Y. H. Kim, "The Preliminary Study on the Effect of the Consciousness-raising Program for Improving Androgyny of Teachers Interdisciplinary" Journal of Adult & Continuing Education, Vol.8, No.1, pp.1-22, 2005.
  7. A. K. Kiefer, D. T. Sanchez, "Scripting sexual passivity: A gender role perspective", Personal Relationships, Vol.14, No.2, pp.269-290, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00154.x
  8. E. A. Impett, L. A. Peplau, "Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives", Journal of sex research, No.40 Vol.1, pp.87-100, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552169
  9. S. MacNeil, E. S. Byers, "Dyadic assessment of sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual dating couples" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, No.22, Vol.2, pp.169-181, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0265407505050942 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0265407505050942
  10. S. K. Lee, "Relationship between the level of sexual contacts and self-esteem, sef-assertiveness of teenage girls who have or had boyfriends", Master's thesis, Yonsei University, pp.51-52, 2001.
  11. S. K. Yoo, H. S. Lee, M. H. Hwang, S. H. Hong, "A Study on the Structural Model of Parental Attachment, Gender Roles, Self-Esteem and Career Barrier : Academically Talented Female Students", National Youth Policy Institute, No.18, Vol.3, pp.357-380, 2007.
  12. C. I. Joong, "Sex Role Stereotypes and Sex Differences in Juvenile Delinquency", National Youth Policy Institute, No.16, Vol.1, pp.35-76, 2005.
  13. S. J. Ha, S. Y. Park, "Fathers' Parenting Attitudes Predicting Girls' Levels of Competence", The Korean Association of Human Development, Vol.18, No.1, pp.133-149, 2011.
  14. D. I. Kim, "A study on the relationship between gender stereotypes and authoritarianism", The Korean Cultural Studies, Vol.63, No.2-3, pp.45-58, 1993
  15. J. M. Patricia, Q. Kathryn, L. H. Lisa, W. Laura, M. G. Diane, R. G. Pemela, J. B. Gary, "Sexual Assertiveness scale for women: Development and Validation", Journal of personality and Social Psychology, Vol.73, No.4, pp.790-804, 1997. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.790
  16. M. Rosenberg, "Society and the adolescent self-image", Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., Vol.11, pp.326, 1965.
  17. B. J. Jeon, "Self-esteem: A test of its measurability", Yonseinonchong, Vol.11, No.1, pp.107-130, 1974.
  18. E. A. Impett, L. A. Peplau, "Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives", Journal of sex research, Vol.40, No.1, pp.87-100, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552169
  19. S. M. Park, W. Y. Song, "The Effects of Rape Myth and Tolerance towards Violence on Dating to the Sexual Assertiveness in College Women", The Korean Journal of Woman Psycoloy, Vol.17, No.2, pp.265-281, 2012. https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2012.17.2.010
  20. B. M. Kim, "Relationships among Parent-child Communication, Self-esteem and Sexual Assertiveness for Male and Female University Students: Gender Difference", Korean Journal of Women Health Nurs, Vol.21, No.1, pp.11-22, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.1.11
  21. K. I. Lee, S. M. Choi, S. M. Chun A path model to examine factors influencing sexual assertiveness of Korean college students The Korean Journal of Woman Psycoloy, Vol.22, No.4, pp.551-567, 2017. https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2017.22.4.005
  22. A. R. Chu, Sexual Assertiveness and Codependency: Students From Various Educational Levels, Master's thesis, Jeon-ju University, pp.35-37, 2013.
  23. Y. R. Lin, I. S. Shiah, Y. C. Chang, T. J. Lai, K. Y. Wang, K. R. Chou, Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students' assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Nurse education today, Vol.24, No.8, pp.656-665, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.09.004
  24. O. B. Jung, "Sex role identity and self esteem among Korean and American college students", International Journal of Human Ecology, No.24, Vol.2, pp.123-137
  25. S. L. Bem, "The measurement of psychological androgyny", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, No.42, Vol.2, pp.155-162, 1974. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0036215
  26. T. R. Buckley, R. T. Carter, "Black adolescent girls: Do gender role and racial identity: Impact their self-esteem", Sex Roles, No.53, Vol.9-10, pp.647-661, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-7731-6
  27. X. Huang, X. Zhu, J. Zheng, L. Zhang, "Relationship among androgyny, self-esteem, and trait coping style of Chinese university students", Social Behavior and Personality, NO.40, Vol.6, pp.1005-1014, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.6.1005
  28. S. L. Bem, "The measurement of psychological androgyny", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, No.42, Vol.2, pp.155-162, 1974. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0036215
  29. S. L. Bem, "On the utility of alternative procedures for assessing psychological androgyny", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, No.45, Vol.2, pp.196-205, 1977. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.45.2.196
  30. L. A. Hall, J. B. Kotch, D. Browne, M. K. Rayenss, "Self Esteem as a Mediator of the Effects of Stressors and Esteem as on Depressive Symptom in Postpartum Mothers", Nursing Research, No.45, Vol.4, pp.231-238, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199607000-00007