Korean Journal of Veterinary Research (대한수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In vitro efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in combination with antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in canine otitis externa

  • Son, Youngmin (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Bae, Seulgi (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2021.03.09
  • Accepted : 2021.03.24
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic species associated with canine otitis externa (OE). Their resilience is achieved by forming a biofilm, which allows these bacteria to evade even the harshest of treatments. This study evaluated the in vitro synergistic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with different antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs with OE to develop an effective treatment against P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration test using the microdilution method. The efficacy of antibiofilm formation was evaluated using a crystal violet stain method. The treatment solutions included NAC alone, and in synergy with enrofloxacin, polymyxin B, and gentamicin. NAC alone exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm abilities. On the other hand, the combination of NAC and the antibiotics did not show any significant synergistic effects against P. aeruginosa.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund, 2019.

References

  1. Zamankhan Malayeri H, Jamshidi S, Zahraei Salehi T. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing otitis externa in dogs. Vet Res Commun 2010;34:435-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9417-y
  2. Matsuda H, Tojo M, Fukui K, Imori T, Baba E. The aerobic bacterial flora of the middle and external ears in normal dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1984;25:269-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03390.x
  3. Lyskova P, Vydrzalova M, Mazurova J. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria and yeasts isolated from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis externa. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2007;54:559-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00996.x
  4. Lefebvre E, Vighetto C, Di Martino P, Larreta Garde V, Seyer D. Synergistic antibiofilm efficacy of various commercial antiseptics, enzymes and EDTA: a study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016;48:181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.008
  5. Lea J, Conlin AE, Sekirov I, Restelli V, Ayakar KG, Turnbull L, Doyle P, Noble M, Rennie R, Schreiber WE, Westerberg BD. In vitro efficacy of N-acetylcysteine on bacteria associated with chronic suppurative otitis media. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;43:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1916-0216-43-20
  6. Pye CC, Yu AA, Weese JS. Evaluation of biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine ears and the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. Vet Dermatol 2013;24:446-449, e98-e99. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12040
  7. Robinson VH, Paterson S, Bennett C, Steen SI. Biofilm production of Pseudomonas spp. isolates from canine otitis in three different enrichment broths. Vet Dermatol 2019;30:218-e267. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12738
  8. Chan WY, Hickey EE, Page SW, Trott DJ, Hill PB. Biofilm production by pathogens associated with canine otitis externa, and the antibiofilm activity of ionophores and antimicrobial adjuvants. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019;42:682-692. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12811
  9. Hoiby N, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M, Molin S, Ciofu O. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:322-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011
  10. Mah TF, O'Toole GA. Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends Microbiol 2001;9:34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(00)01913-2
  11. Jamal M, Ahmad W, Andleeb S, Jalil F, Imran M, Nawaz MA, Hussain T, Ali M, Rafiq M, Kamil MA. Bacterial biofilm and associated infections. J Chin Med Assoc 2018;81:7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2017.07.012
  12. Salamon S, Kramar B, Marolt TP, Poljsak B, Milisav I. Medical and dietary uses of N-acetylcysteine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019;8:111. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050111
  13. Fraternale A, Paoletti MF, Casabianca A, Oiry J, Clayette P, Vogel JU, Cinatl J Jr, Palamara AT, Sgarbanti R, Garaci E, Millo E, Benatti U, Magnani M. Antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of new pro-glutathione (GSH) molecules. Curr Med Chem 2006;13:1749-1755. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986706777452542
  14. Stey C, Steurer J, Bachmann S, Medici TC, Tramer MR. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic review. Eur Respir J 2000;16:253-262. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16b12.x
  15. Eroshenko D, Polyudova T, Korobov V. N-acetylcysteine inhibits growth, adhesion and biofilm formation of Gram-positive skin pathogens. Microb Pathog 2017;105:145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.030
  16. Goswami M, Jawali N. N-acetylcysteine-mediated modulation of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:3529-3530. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00710-10
  17. Parry MF, Neu HC. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on antibiotic activity and bacterial growth in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 1977;5:58-61. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.5.1.58-61.1977
  18. Dinicola S, De Grazia S, Carlomagno G, Pintucci JP. N-acetyl-cysteine as powerful molecule to destroy bacterial biofilms. A systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014;18:2942-2948.
  19. May ER, Conklin KA, Bemis DA. Antibacterial effect of N-acetylcysteine on common canine otitis externa isolates. Vet Dermatol 2016;27:188-e147. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12313
  20. May ER, Ratliff BE, Bemis DA. Antibacterial effect of N-acetylcysteine in combination with antimicrobials on common canine otitis externa bacterial isolates. Vet Dermatol 2019;30:531-e161. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12795
  21. Stepanovic S, Vukovic D, Hola V, Di Bonaventura G, Djukic S, Cirkovic I, Ruzicka F. Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci. APMIS 2007;115:891-899. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x
  22. Lima JLDC, Alves LR, Jacome PRLA, Bezerra Neto JP, Maciel MAV, Morais MMC. Biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and structural changes in LasR protein of isolates non biofilm-producing. Braz J Infect Dis 2018;22:129-136.
  23. Garrett TR, Bhakoo M, Zhang Z. Bacterial adhesion and biofilms on surfaces. Prog Nat Sci 2008;18:1049-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.04.001