Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Indigenous Fungivorous Nematodes Affect the Biocontrol Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum through Reducing the Hyphal Density

  • Kim, Tae Gwan (Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Knudsen, Guy R. (Soil and Land Resources Division, Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho)
  • Received : 2021.02.03
  • Accepted : 2021.03.29
  • Published : 2021.06.28
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Abstract

Indigenous fungus-feeding nematodes may adversely affect the growth and activity of introduced biocontrol fungi. Alginate pellets of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and sclerotia of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were added to nonsterile soil at a soil water potential of -50 or -1,000 kPa. The biomass of ThzID1-M3, nematode populations, and extent of colonization of sclerotia by ThzID1-M3 were monitored over time. The presence of ThzID1-M3 increased the nematode population under both moisture regimes (p < 0.05), and fungivores comprised 69-75% of the nematode population. By day 5, the biomass of ThzID1-M3b and its colonization of sclerotia increased and were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.98), followed by a rapid reduction, under both regimes. At -50 kPa (the wetter of the two environments), fungal biomass and colonization by ThzID1-M3 were less, in the period from 5 to 20 days, while fungivores were more abundant. These results indicate that ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of fungivorous nematodes, which in turn, reduced the biocontrol ability of the fungus to mycoparasitize sclerotia. However, colonization incidence reached 100% by day 5 and remained so for the experimental period under both regimes, although hyphal fragments disappeared by day 20. Our results suggest that indigenous fungivores are an important constraint for the biocontrol activity of introduced fungi, and sclerotia can provide spatial refuge for biocontrol fungi from the feeding activity of fungivorous nematodes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the USDA CSREES Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grants Program, Agreement Number 2007-33522-18565 and the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (2018R1D1A1B07048872).

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