Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Biotransformation of Reactive Red 141 by Paenibacillus terrigena KKW2-005 and Examination of Product Toxicity

  • Sompark, Chalermwoot (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University) ;
  • Singkhonrat, Jirada (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University) ;
  • Sakkayawong, Niramol (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University)
  • Received : 2021.05.03
  • Accepted : 2021.05.31
  • Published : 2021.07.28
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Abstract

A total of 37 bacterial isolates were obtained from dye-contaminated soil samples at a textile processing factory in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, and the potential of the isolates to decolorize and biotransform azo dye Reactive Red 141 (RR141) was investigated. The most potent bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus terrigena KKW2-005, which showed the ability to decolorize 96.45% of RR141 (50 mg/l) within 20 h under static conditions at pH 8.0 and a broad temperature range of 30-40℃. The biotransformation products were analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed four metabolites generated from the reductive biodegradation, namely sodium 3-diazenylnaphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (I), sodium naphthalene-2-sufonate (II), 4-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (III) and N1-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) benzene-1,4-diamine (IV). Decolorization intermediates reduced phytotoxicity as compared with the untreated dye. However, they had phytotoxicity when compared with control, probably due to naphthalene and triazine derivatives. Moreover, genotoxicity testing by high annealing temperature-random amplified polymorphic DNA technique exhibited different DNA polymorphism bands in seedlings exposed to the metabolites. They compared to the bands found in seedlings subjected to the untreated dye or distilled water. The data from this study provide evidence that the biodegradation of Reactive Red 141 by P. terrigena KKW2-005 was genotoxic to the DNA seedlings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Thailand Research Fund (Grant Nos. 0010-2559, and 0019-2560) and the partial support by Thammasat University Under the TU Research Scholar, Contract No. 0059/2561, National Research Council of Thailand for graduate student research grant, Contract No. 0021/2562 and C. Sompark's 2017 Ph.D. scholarship from Thammasat University. The authors would like to thank the Department of Biotechnology and Central Scientific Instrument Center (CSIC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand, for kindly providing access to their GC-MS and its scientific support.

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