Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
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Health and Economic Burden Attributable to Particulate Matter in South Korea: Considering Spatial Variation in Relative Risk

지역간 상대위험도 변동을 고려한 미세먼지 기인 질병부담 및 사회경제적 비용 추정 연구

  • Byun, Garam (Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Yongsoo (Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Gil, Junsu (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University) ;
  • Cha, Junil (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Meehye (Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Tae (Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University)
  • 변가람 (고려대학교 정밀보건과학융합전공) ;
  • 최용수 (고려대학교 일반대학원 보건과학과) ;
  • 길준수 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 차준일 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 이미혜 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 이종태 (고려대학교 정밀보건과학융합전공)
  • Received : 2021.08.18
  • Accepted : 2021.09.23
  • Published : 2021.10.31
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Abstract

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Previous studies in South Korea have applied a relative risk calculated from Western populations when estimating the disease burden attributable to PM. However, the relative risk of PM on health outcomes may not be the same across different countries or regions. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the premature deaths and socioeconomic costs attributable to long-term exposure to PM in South Korea. We considered not only the difference in PM concentration between regions, but also the difference in relative risk. Methods: National monitoring data of PM concentrations was obtained, and missing values were imputed using the AERMOD model and linear regression model. As a surrogate for relative risk, hazard ratios (HRs) of PM for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were estimated using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The nation was divided into five areas (metropolitan, central, southern, south-eastern, and Gangwon-do Province regions). The number of PM attributable deaths in 2018 was calculated at the district level. The socioeconomic cost was derived by multiplying the number of deaths and the statistical value of life. Results: The average PM10 concentration for 2014~2018 was 45.2 ㎍/m3. The association between long-term exposure to PM10 and mortality was heterogeneous between areas. When applying area-specific HRs, 23,811 premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory disease in 2018 were attributable to PM10 (reference level 20 ㎍/m3). The corresponding socioeconomic cost was about 31 trillion won. These estimated values were higher than that when applying nationwide HRs. Conclusions: This study is the first research to estimate the premature mortality caused by long-term exposure to PM using relative risks derived from the national population. This study will help precisely identify the national and regional health burden attributed to PM and establish the priorities of air quality policy.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2020년도 질병관리청 미세먼지 기인 질병 대응연구사업 지원으로 수행된 "미세먼지로 인한 질병부담측정 연구" 과제의 연구결과 일부입니다(2020ER670400).

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