Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
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Evaluation for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printing Filaments

FDM 3D프린터 소재에서 방출될 수 있는 휘발성유기화합물 평가

  • Kim, Sungho (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) ;
  • Park, Hae Dong (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) ;
  • Chung, Eunkyo (Department of industrial safety and health, Osan University)
  • 김성호 (안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 직업환경연구실) ;
  • 박해동 (안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 직업환경연구실) ;
  • 정은교 (오산대학교 산업안전보건과)
  • Received : 2022.04.18
  • Accepted : 2022.05.27
  • Published : 2022.06.30
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Abstract

Objectives: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer which is one of the material extrusion (MEX) technologies is an additive manufacturing (AM) process. 3D printers have been distributed widely in Korea, particularly in school and office, even at home. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from an FDM 3D printing process. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemicals possibly emitted from FDM 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon, PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PC (polycarbonate) filaments. Methods: 19 FDM 3D printing filaments which have been distributed in Korea were selected and analyzed VOCs emitted of 3D printing materials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (headspace GC-MS). Subsamples were put into a vial and heated up to 200℃ (500 rpm) during 20 minutes before analyzing FDM 3D printing filaments. Results: In the case of PLA filament, lactide and methyl methacrylate, the monomer components of one, were detected, and the volume ratio ranged 27~93%, 0.5~37% respectively. In the case of ABS filaments, styrene (50.5~59.1%), the monomer components of one, was detected. Several VOCs among acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc were detected from each FDM 3D printing filaments. Conclusions: Several VOCs, semi-VOCs were emitted from FDM 3D printing filaments in this study and previous studies. Users were possibly exposed to ones so that we strongly believe that we recommend to install the ventilation system such as a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) when they operate the FDM 3D printers in a workplace.

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