자원리싸이클링 (Resources Recycling)

  • 제31권4호
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  • Pages.40-48
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  • 2022
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  • 2765-3439(pISSN)
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  • 2765-3447(eISSN)
한국자원리싸이클링학회 (The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling)
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과황산계 산화제에 따른 폐LiFePO4 양극재에서 리튬의 침출 효과와 선택적 회수에 대한 연구

A Study on the Leaching Effect and Selective Recovery of Lithium Element by Persulfate-based Oxidizing Agents from Waste LiFePO4 Cathode

  • 김희선 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 김대원 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 장대환 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 김보람 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 진연호 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 채병만 ((주)케이엠씨) ;
  • 이상우 ((주)케이엠씨)
  • Kim, Hee-Seon (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Weon (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Jang, Dae-Hwan (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Kim, Boram (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Jin, Yun-Ho (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Chae, Byung-Man (KMC Co., LTD) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Woo (KMC Co., LTD)
  • 투고 : 2022.07.27
  • 심사 : 2022.08.04
  • 발행 : 2022.08.31
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초록

폐LiFePO4 배터리의 양극재에는 리튬이 약 4% 함유되어 있으며, 함유된 원소의 재활용은 환경적인 문제뿐만 아니라 자원순환의 관점에서 중요하다. 폐LiFePO4 양극재 분말에 함유된 리튬을 선택적으로 침출하기 위하여 3종류의 과황산계 산화제 [과황산나트륨(Na2S2O8), 과황산칼륨(K2S2O8), 그리고 과황산암모늄((NH4)2S2O8)]를 사용하여 각 성분의 침출율 및 분말특성을 비교 분석하였다. 침출 시 광액농도를 변수로 두고 각 조건별로 3시간 동안 침출을 진행하였으며, 얻어진 침출용액은 ICP 성분분석을 시행하여 침출율을 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 모든 과황산계 산화제 종류에서 92% 이상의 리튬 침출율을 보였다. 특히 과황산암모늄의 산화제를 사용하여 침출하였을 경우, 50 g/L의 광액농도 및 1.1 몰 비의 산화제 농도에서 약 93.3%의 가장 높은 리튬의 침출율을 보였다.

In waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cathode material contains approximately 4% lithium. Recycling the constituent elements of batteries is important for resource circulation and for mitigating the environmental pollution. Li contained in the waste LFP cathode powder was selectively leached using persulfate-based oxidizing agents, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate. Leaching efficiency and waste LFP powder properties were compared and analyzed. Pulp density was used as a variable during leaching, which was performed for 3 h under each condition. The leaching efficiency was calculated using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the leachate. All types of persulfate-based oxidizing agents used in this study showed a Li leaching efficiency over 92%. In particular, when leaching was performed using (NH4)2S2O8, the highest Li leaching percentage of 93.3% was observed, under the conditions of 50 g/L pulp density and an oxidizing agent concentration of 1.1 molar ratio.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 2022년도 산업통상자원부의 재원으로 한국에너지기술평가원의 지원을 받아 수행한 연구 과제입니다(재생자원의 저탄소 산업 원료화 기술개발 사업 No. 20229A10100100).

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