Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
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Implementation of Visible monkey into general-purpose Monte Carlo codes: MCNP, PHITS, and Geant4

  • Soo Min Lee (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Chansoo Choi (J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida) ;
  • Bangho Shin (Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Yumi Lee (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Ji Won Choi (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Bo-Wi Cheon (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Chul Hee Min (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Beom Sun Chung (Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Hyun Joon Choi (Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Yeon Soo Yeom (Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2023.01.24
  • Accepted : 2023.07.12
  • Published : 2023.11.25
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Abstract

Recently, a new monkey computational phantom, called Visible Monkey, was developed for non-ionizing radiation studies in animal research. In this study, we extended its applications to ionizing radiation studies by implementing the voxel model of the Visible Monkey into three general-purpose Monte Carlo (MC) codes: MCNP6, PHITS, and Geant4. The implementation work for MCNP and PHITS was conducted using the LATTICE, UNIVERSE, and FILL cards. The G4VNestedParameterisation class was used for Geant4. Then, organ dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized photon beams in the antero-posterior direction were calculated using the three codes and compared, showing excellent agreement (differences <3%). Additionally, organ DCs in other directions (postero-anterior, left-lateral, and right-lateral) were calculated and compared with those of the newborn and 1-year-old reference phantoms. Significant differences were observed (e.g., the stomach DC of the monkey was 5-fold greater than that of the 1-year-old phantom at 0.03 MeV) while the differences tended to decrease with increasing energy (mostly <20% at 10 MeV). The results of this study allows conducting MC simulations using the Visible Monkey to estimate organ-level doses, which should be valuable to support/improve monkey experiments involving ionizing radiation exposures.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (No. 2022R1C1C100809312), Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS) through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (No. 2022RIS-005) and Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20214000000070).

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