Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effects of Technological Competitiveness by Country on The Increase of Unicorn Companies

국가별 기술경쟁력이 유니콘기업 증가에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

  • 조규훈 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 벤처경영학과) ;
  • 양동우 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 벤처경영학과)
  • Received : 2024.01.09
  • Accepted : 2024.02.26
  • Published : 2024.02.29
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Abstract

Unicorn companies are attracting attention around the world as they are recognized for their high corporate value in a short period of time as an innovative business models. Their growth process presents good lessons for the startup ecosystem and have a positive impact on national economic development and job creation. However, previous studies related to unicorn companies are focused on 'event studies' and 'case studies' such as characteristics of founders, environmental factors, business models and success/failure cases of companies already recognized as unicorns rather than a multifaceted approach. The occurrence of unicorn companies and Macroscopic analysis of related factors is lacking. Against this background, this study are considering the characteristics of unicorns examined through previous research and the current status unicorns with a high proportion of technology companies, the purpose was to analyze the impact of the country's technological competitiveness, such as 'technology human resource index', 'R&D index', and 'technology infrastructure index', on the increase in unicorn companies. For statistical analysis, data published by various international organizations, the Bank of Korea, and Statistics Korea from 2017 to 2020 and unicorn company data compiled by CB Insights were used as panel data for 44 countries to be tested by multiple regression analysis. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the number of science majors had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies in the case of technology human resource index, and in the case of R&D index, the total amount of R&D investment had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies, while the number of Triad Patents Families and the number of scientific and technological papers published had a negative (-) effect on the increase of unicorn companies. Finally, in the case of technology infrastructure index, it was confirmed that the number of the world's 500th-ranked universities had a positive (+) effect on the increase of unicorn companies. This study is the first to reveal the causal relationship between national technological competitiveness and unicorn company growth based on country-specific and time-series empirical data, which were insufficiently covered in previous studies. and compared to the UN's ranking of the global industrial competitiveness index and the OECD's total R&D investment by country, Korea is considered to have technological and growth potential, while the number of unicorn companies driving growth as leaders of the innovative economy is relatively small, so the research results can be used when establishing policies to discover and foster unicorn companies in the future.

유니콘기업은 혁신적인 비즈니스 모델로 단기간 내 높은 기업가치를 인정받으며 전 세계적으로 주목을 받고 있다. 이들의 성장 과정은 스타트업 생태계에 좋은 교훈을 제시해주고 있고 국가 경제발전과 고용 창출 측면에서도 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 유니콘기업과 관련한 선행연구들은 이미 유니콘으로 인정받은 기업의 창업자 특성, 환경요인, 비즈니스 모델, 성공·실패 사례 등 다면적 접근보다는 '이벤트 스터디', '사례연구' 중심으로 이루어지고 있고 유니콘기업 발생과 관련한 요인에 대한 거시적 분석은 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 선행연구를 통해 살펴본 유니콘의 특성 및 기술기업 비중이 높은 유니콘기업의 현황을 고려하여 '기술인적자원 지표', 'R&D 지표', '기술 인프라 지표' 등 국가의 기술경쟁력이 유니콘기업 증가에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 통계분석을 위해 2017년부터 2020년까지 다양한 국제기구, 통계청에서 발표되는 자료와 CB Insights에서 집계한 유니콘기업 데이터를 44개 분석 대상 국가의 패널데이터로 활용하여 다중 회귀분석으로 검정하였다. 연구 결과 기술 인적자원 지표의 경우 과학 전공자 수가 유니콘기업 증가에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고 R&D 지표의 경우 R&D 투자총액은 유니콘기업 증가에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 반면, 삼극 특허 건수(Triad Patent Families), 과학기술논문 발표 수는 유니콘기업 증가에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 기술인프라 지표의 경우 세계 랭킹 500위 대학 수가 유니콘기업 증가에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 미비하게 다루었던 국가별, 시계열 실증 데이터를 기반으로 국가 기술경쟁력과 유니콘기업 증가 간에 인과관계를 처음으로 밝혔다는 데 학술적 의미가 있으며 UN의 글로벌 산업경쟁력 지수 순위, OECD의 국가별 R&D 투자총액 비교 시 우리나라는 기술력, 성장잠재력이 있는 것으로 평가받고 있는 반면에 혁신경제의 리더로 성장을 견인하고 있는 유니콘기업 수는 상대적으로 적은 상황에 있어 향후 유니콘기업의 발굴, 육성을 위한 정책 수립 시 연구 결과를 활용할 수 있다는 실무적 의의를 가진다.

Keywords

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