권호 표지

Environmental Engineering Research

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (KSEE)

  • Bimonthly
  • /
  • 1226-1025(pISSN)
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  • 2005-968X(eISSN)

Aim & Scope

The Environmental Engineering Research (EER) is published bimonthly by the Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (KSEE). The EER covers a broad spectrum of the science and technology of air, soil, and water management while emphasizing scientific and engineering solutions to environmental issues encountered in industrialization and urbanization. Particularly, interdisciplinary topics and multi-regional/global impacts (including eco-system and human health) of environmental pollution as well as scientific and engineering aspects of novel technologies are considered favorably. The scope of the Journal includes the following areas, but is not limited to: 1. Atmospheric Environment & Climate Change: Global and local climate change, greenhouse gas control, and air quality modeling This topical section covers a wide range of atmospheric pollution issues, including monitoring and modeling of global climate change, quantitative assessment and solutions of local air pollution, interactions of local and global air pollution impacts, emission reduction of air pollutants, and carbon neutral process development. 2. Renewable Energy & Waste Management: Energy recovery from waste, incineration, landfill, and green energy In addition to traditional waste treatment and recycling, this section is dedicated to more comprehensive scientific and engineering knowledge in the following specific areas: renewable energy production, waste-to-energy conversion technologies, resources recovery from wastes, zero waste, hazardous waste treatment, soil remediation related to waste, and biochar. 3. Environmental Biotechnology & Ecology: Nano-biosensor, environmental genomics, bioenergy, and environmental eco-engineering The Environmental Biotechnology area covers microbial physiology, microbial community, genomic/proteomic studies, biofilm, bioremediation, and applied aspects of biotechnology. Specific topics being dealt with in this area include nano-/biosensors and sensing systems to monitor environmental toxic substances. The Environmental Ecology and Eco-engineering area covers the followings: ecotechnology; habitat reconstruction; restoration ecology; ecosystem conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; wetland restoration; and aspects of ecology. 4. Physical & Chemical Technology: Membrane technology and advanced oxidation This section covers comprehensive topics in novel environmental technologies related to physical and/or chemical approaches. Specific topics of interest include membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, adsorption, granular filtration, and disinfection as well as photoelectrochemical technologies for water treatment. The articles dealing with interdisciplinary topics of above mentioned topics are highly encouraged. 5. Environmental System Engineering: Seawater desalination, ICA (instrument, control, and automation), and water reuse The section emphasizes the application of system engineering principles to solve complex environmental problems, such as water resources management, soil and groundwater pollution, and integrated environmental management. Specific areas of interest are as follows: optimization and development of physicochemical and biological processes, monitoring and control of contaminants, simulation and modeling for the fate and transport of pollutants, and desalination and water reuse systems. 6. Environmental Health & Toxicology: Micropollutants, hazardous materials, ecotoxicity, and environmental risk assessment This section deals with an interdisciplinary scientific field in environmental health & toxicology including environmental OMICS. The integration of a variety of topics in environmental health & toxicology will provide novel perspectives and systematic solutions for the improvement of human health and ecosystem sustainability. Specific topics of interest include emerging micropollutants, health hazards, environmental OMICS sciences, ecotoxicity, and environmental risk assessment.

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Volume 17 Issue S1

  1. Choi, Hee-Jeong;Lee, Seung-Mok 3
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S3 KSCI
    The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of nutrients removal by Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The study is comprised of five different fractions, having different quantities of C. vulgaris. From the batch reactor operations it was observed that increasing the content of C. vulgaris in the wastewater caused an apparent increase of removal rates in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NH3-N and PO4-P. More quantitatively, increasing C. vulgaris content from 1 to 10 g/L caused an increase of removal rate of BOD from 80.41% to 82.92%; COD from 78.33% to 82.30%; TN from 81.04% to 84.81%; TP from 32.26% to 36.12%; NH3-N from 96.90% to 97.26%; and PO4-P from 44.76% to 48.71%. Moreover, run 4 fractions (6 g/L in wastewater) possessed a better removal rate than the other four fractions studied. The results also indicated that TN and NH3-N were more effectively removed than TP and PO4-P. The optimal ratio of C. vulgaris density and orthophosphate concentration caused an enhancement of removal efficiency.
  2. Tiwari, Diwakar S1
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S1 KSCI
  3. Thangjam, Robert;Maibam, Damayanti Devi S9
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S9 KSCI
    Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) and sub-family Mimosoideae, commonly known as tree bean is widely distributed throughout northeast India. It is considered to be a multipurpose tree, with various food and medicinal uses. The seeds are consumed at all developmental stages, and are considered to be a special delicacy due to their distinctive aroma and flavour. The characteristic sulphur aroma of the seeds is associated with the thiol amino acid derivative thioproline, which is a condensation product of formaldehyde and cysteine. In the present study, the presence of formaldehyde and thiol in the different developmental stages of the fruits were evaluated. The level of formaldehyde and thiol content was found to increase with the maturity of the seeds. The generation of sulfhydryl free radicals by thioproline and crude P. timoriana seed extracts on gamma irradiation were observed with the visible destruction of curcumin. The protection of DNA against gamma irradiation in the presence of thioproline in the present study also provides a new lead for investigations into protection against radiotherapy and reduction of risk for exposed individuals.
  4. Park, Youn-Jong;Yang, Jae-Kyu;Choi, Hee-Jeong;Lee, Seung-Mok S15
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S15 KSCI
    Hybrid reaction media prepared with aluminum oxide recycled from industrial wastes and titanium dioxide was used in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing arsenic, where photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) and/or adsorption of As(V) was applied for treatment of the effluent. Although both synthesized aluminum oxide (SAO) and hybrid metal oxide (HMO) showed lower adsorption efficiency of As(III) than As(V) in the entire pH range, the results of HMO adsorption indicated a possibility of As(III) removal at acidic pH conditions. Under a wavelength of 365–375 nm with using ultraviolet light emitting diode it was observed that HMO effectively oxidized As(III) to As(V) and adsorbed sufficiently both As(III) and As(V). Oxidation of As(III) was pH dependent and the percentage of As(III) oxidation was enhanced under more acidic conditions. The results obtained demonstrated that prepared hybrid media can be effectively used for inorganic arsenic removal from groundwater.
  5. Nongbri, B. Bashisha;Syiem, Mayashree B. S21
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S21 KSCI
    The recent realization of immense biotechnological potential has made cyanobacteria the organisms of choice for research and development in the fields of biofertilizers, food and feed, energy production, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation etc. This necessitates a study of cyanobacterial diversity for finding strains with different potentials and characteristics to suit their varied applications. Cyanobacterial population in 13 different sites within the state of Meghalaya was studied as a preliminary investigation of diversity in the state. Ninety seven samples were collected from different ecological niches which yielded 147 isolates out of which a total of 93 strains belonging to 11 genera were documented. These are Nostoc, Anabaena, Fischerella, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum, Gloeocapsa, Plectonema, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Stigonema, and Westiellopsis. Nostoc was most abundant. The isolates were characterized at the morphological, biochemical as well as at the molecular level. Statistical analyses indicated maximum Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices in Sung Valley and minimum in Mairang. Richness was highest in Sung Valley and Syntuksiar and lowest in Rangshken. Polymerase chain reaction-based molecular fingerprinting study proved to be highly efficient in distinguishing closely related strains revealing greater cyanobacterial diversity in all locations than initially appeared under morphological investigations.
  6. Karmakar, Anindita;Biswas, Prasanta Kumar;Mukherjee, Souti S27
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S27 KSCI
    In developing countries like India, where edible oils are in short supply, the contribution of non-edible oils like neem as a source for biodiesel production will be of great importance in the coming days. Biodiesel was produced from non-edible neem oil having a free fatty acid content of 19% in a two-step process, as free fatty acid of more than 1% in the feedstock adversely affects the single step alkali catalyzed transesterification process by soap formation. The first step of acid catalysed esterification reduced the free fatty acid content of neem oil to below 1%. The optimum combinations of parameters for pretreatment were found to be 0.60 volume by volume (v/v) methanol-to-oil ratio, 1% v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst and 1 hr reaction time. The next base catalysed transesterification process converted the pretreated oil to neem biodiesel. The optimum combination of parameters for transesterification was found to be 0.24 v/v methanolto- oil ratio, 1.08% weight by volume (w/v) catalyst concentration and 34 min reaction time. This two-step process gave an average yield of 90%. The fuel properties of neem biodiesel were found to be comparable to those of diesel, and conform to the latest American Standards for Testing of Materials Standards.
  7. Panigrahi, Satya;Mohanty, Ajit K.;Ramesh, Thanapandi;Hussain, K. Jahir;Samantara, Manoj K.;Prasad, M. V. R.;Satpathy, Kamala Kanta S33
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S33 KSCI
    The present study aims to observe the post tsunami changes occurring in a small lake. Physicochemical and biological characteristics of Kokilamedu lake (KKM) revealed drastic changes when compared to the pre-tsunami conditions. The monthly average water quality indicated that salinity was increased sharply (11.31 practical salinity unit [psu] in June 2008) from a lowest pre-tsunami value of 1.19 psu (range, 1.19 to 3.41 psu). Similarly, the NO3+NO2 values were increased significantly (0.49 μmol/L in 1996 to 74.47 μmol/L in 2006). The concentration of SiO4 increased remarkably from an average of 64.87 μmol/L during pre-tsunami conditions to 309.71 μmol/L during post-tsunami conditions (2009–2010). Inorganic phosphate was also increased to a maximum of 9.59 μmol/L from a pre-tsunami maximum of 1.09 μmol/L. Chlorophyll-a values did not respond to the increased nutrient stoichiometry and declined during posttsunami conditions. However, there was a significant improvement in oxygen concentration (2006–2010 average, 8.27 mg/L) of the lake compared to the 1996 values (1994–1995 average, 5.94 mg/L). The algal component is now dominated by the blue-green algae which prevailed over the green algae in the pre-tsunami conditions. Certain marine fishes adapted to this altered ecosystem due to a probable regime shift. Remarkably, out of 20 species, five were marine, nine were brackish, and the remaining six were freshwater species. Preand post-tsunami observations from a control site did not exhibit a remarkable shift during 1994–1996 and 2010, whereas a shift was apparent in the case of KKM.
  8. Lalhmunsiama;Tiwari, Diwakar;Lee, Seung-Mok S41
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S41 KSCI
    The two different dead biomasses were employed to obtain the activated carbon samples viz., rice hulls (AC-R) or areca nut waste (AC-N). Further, the surfaces of these activated carbons were modified with manganese to obtain the manganese coated activated carbons (MCAC-R and MCAC-N).These solids were assessed for their possible implication in the remediation of the aquatic environment contaminated with arsenic. The surface morphology of these solids was discussed with the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis. Various parametric studies viz., the effect of sorptive pH, concentration, background electrolyte concentration and contact time were studied under the batch reactor operations. The increase in sorptive pH (i.e., 2.0 to 10.0) and concentration (i.e., 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L) caused a great decrease in the percent removal of As(III) and As(V). Equilibrium modelling studies suggested that the data is fitted well to the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The simultaneous presence of background electrolytes concentration (i.e., maximum 1,000 times NaNO3) could not significantly affect the uptake of these two ions which inferred that the sorption of As(III) and As(V) by these solids predominantly occurred through strong chemical forces and may ultimately form ‘inner-sphere’ complexes. The kinetic data was best fitted to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. Studies conferred that AC obtained from these agricultural by-products/wastes modified with manganese were found to be potential and promising solid materials in the attenuation of As(III) and As(V) from the aquatic environment.
  9. Lalnunsiama, Jonathan;Madhurima, Vinjanampaty S49
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S49 KSCI
    This paper suggests a method to reduce electronic wastage by controlling the wetting of the substrates to enable reuse of the device in an effort to improve device control. If the devices were cleaned after a given operation, it can be reused. With this preliminary idea, the present investigation reports the concentration dependent wetting of indium tin oxide by aniline-alcohol binary liquid and shows how varying the concentration of the liquids can control the wetting phenomenon. This binary liquid system is an important prototype for the biological hydrogen bond interactions of N-H---O. Surface tension (liquid-liquid), adhesive energy (solid-liquid), surface energy of the substrate and contact angle of the liquids with the substrate are measured by using a contact angle goniometer.
  10. Mullai, P.;Yogeswari, M. K.;Oommen, Bibin;Saravanakumar, K.;Kathiresan, K. S53
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S53 KSCI
    Quality simulation along river system (QUASAR) is a water quality and flow model for river networks. This paper presents the study on the determination of the physicochemical parameters of the water sample in the Uppanar River, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India at 3 different points from November 2009 to July 2010 and application of QUASAR software modeling. From the analysis of various physicochemical parameters that exceeded the permissible limits of the Indian Council for Medical and Research, the river was said to be moderately polluted. In this paper, the measured data of dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and pH along the three sampling stations was used for QUASAR modelling. The average percentage error values obtained for station I, II, and III regarding DO were 3.49%, 2.38%, and 2.26%, for BOD 1.2%, 5.9%, and 1.98%, and for pH 2.57%, 2.41%, and 1.51%, respectively. It was observed that there is a one to one correlation among the simulated and observed values for DO, BOD, and pH values. From these results, it is concluded that the QUASAR model can reliably be used as a simulation model for analyzing the water quality parameters in the river.
  11. Padhi, R. K.;Subramanian, S.;Mohanty, A. K.;Bramha, S. N.;Prasad, M. V. R.;Satpathy, K. K. S57
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S57 KSCI
    Trihalomethanes (THMs) formation and species distribution in the discharged chlorinated cooling seawater of a nuclear power plant was assessed during Aug 2010 to July 2011. The monthly variation of chlorine demand of the source seawater under laboratory chlorination conditions was studied for the same period. The entire period can be divided into two separate zones; viz. Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct (low chlorine demand), and May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Nov, Dec, Jan (high chlorine demand) months. Bromoform was found to be the single dominant THMs species in the chlorinated cooling seawater discharge. The THMs concentration was observed to be highest for the month of Nov 2010 (41 μg/L), and lowest for Feb 2011(12 μg/L). Under laboratory chlorination of intake seawater with 1 ppm Cl2, the concentration of THMs that was formed within 5–15 min is in agreement with the actual concentration in the discharge water. A simplified predictive approach is proposed for the total THMs concentration at the cooling discharge outlet of a power plant, based on the actual chlorine demand of source water.
  12. Nongrum, Natasha A.;Syiem, Mayashree B. S63
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S63 KSCI
    The effects of copper sulphate on the cyanobacterium Nostoc ANTH were studied. The copper concentrations chosen for the study were 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L. From the results, it was observed that removal of Cu2+ ions by the organism was dependent on the external concentrations of Cu2+ ions. Exposure to high concentrations of copper led to severe morphological changes in the cells, which were visible under transmission electron microscopy. Yet, complete elimination of copper from the growth medium led to poor growth, and ultimately the death, of the Nostoc ANTH cells. Cells exposed to low copper concentration (0.5 mg/L) in the medium showed comparable physiological and biochemical activities (such as growth, heterocyst frequency, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, and respiration) to that of the controlled cultures. However, these features were compromised as the copper concentration increased in the surrounding.
  13. Sreedevi, Pagadala Damodaram;Sreekanth, Pagadala Damodaram;Ahmed, Shakeel S69
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S69 KSCI
    Monitoring a non-linear phenomenon—such as the groundwater levels in an aquifer—by cost-effective techniques is quite a difficult task. To overcome these limitations, soft computing tools are increasingly being used to predict groundwater levels with high accuracy. In the present study, a soft computing tool called support vector machine (SVM) was employed for predicting the groundwater levels jointly using weather parameters, at Maheshwaram watershed, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. The accuracy of this approach was established based on statistical tools termed the regression coefficient, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, and error variation. For performance evaluation, the model outputs were compared with traditional statistical multiple regression (SMR) model outputs, and it was found that the SVR method offers better prediction than does SMR.
  14. Das, Diganta Kumar;Goswami, Priyanka;Barman, Champa;Das, Biva S75
    https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2012.17.S1.S75 KSCI
    Methyl red (MR), a very well known acid base indicator (pKa = 5.2), shows fluorescence emission in the range 320 nm to 480 nm, with an emission maximum at 375 nm on excitation by photons at 310 nm. A fluorescent intensity titration of MR by Hg2+ ion, a well known toxic heavy metal ion, shows quenching of the fluorescent intensity of MR. The quenching continues till the concentration ratio between MR and Hg2+ ion becomes 1:1. Similar titration with a number of other metal ions, namely Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, has very small effect on the fluorescent intensity of MR. Thus MR acts as a selective fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ ion by selective fluorescence quenching. The efficiency of fluorescence quenching value is found to be 8.0. The binding ratio and binding constant (β) between MR and Hg2+ ion are calculated from the fluorescence and UV/visible spectral data, and are found to be 1:1 and log β =4.68. The Hg:MR complex was found to be stable in the pH range 5.5 to 8.2.