• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

There is a considerable difference in morphological traits between Bokbunja cultivated in Korea (KCB) and Korea native Rubus coreanus, contrary to the conviction that the cultivated Bokbunja is the domestication of R. coreanus. To infer the phylogenetic relationship of KCB with other Rubus species, we compared the chloroplast DNA spacers of KCB with those of several Rubus species including black raspberry, R. occidentalis. The three chloroplast DNA spacers, atpB~rbcL, trnL~trnF, and trnT~trnL, were amplified using the specific primer pairs and converted to Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) markers. The SSCP makers of the chloroplast DNA spacers showed a considerable variation both within and among Rubus species. In the phylogenetic tree generated by the SSCP markers, KCB accessions were located in the same clade with R. occidentalis, but R. coreanus accessions in the different clade. Also, in the phylogenetic tree by the nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast DNA spacer trnL~trnF, KCB located in the same clade with R. occidentalis but not with R. coreanus. These results suggest that the three KCB accessions share higher similarity with R. occidentalis than with R. coreanus in the three chloroplast DNA spacers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

This article examines the types of Sujeonggwa as recorded in 15 royal palace studies of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1909). The types of Sujeonggwa during the Joseon dynasty appeared Sujeonggwa(水正果), Geunsi-Sujeonggwa, Saengri-Sujeonggwa(生梨水正果), Weigamja-Sujeonggwa(倭柑子水正果), Gareun-Sujeonggwa(假蓮水正果), Yuja-Sujeonggwa(柚子水正果), Jabgwa-Sujeonggwa(雜果水正果), Duchung-Sujeonggwa (杜沖水正果), Yukyeldo-Sujeonggwa(六月桃水正果), Bokbunja-Sujeonggwa(覆盆子水正果), Aengdo-Sujeonggwa(櫻桃水正 果), Sansa-Sujeonggwa(山査水正果. The frequency of the Sujeonggwa types during the Joseon dynasty in order were; Geunsi-Sujeonggwa(20%), Saengri-Sujeonggwa(生梨水正果)r(15%), Sujeonggwa(水正果)(10%), Weigamja-Sujeonggwa(倭柑子水正果)(10%), Gareun-Sujeonggwa(假蓮水正果)(10%). The other Sujeonggwa each(5%). Through this study, through new lighting and menu development for Sujeonggwa used as a basis for hope to contribute to the globalization of Korean food.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1256-1261
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• 2021

Rubus coreanus Miquel (bokbunja), Korean black raspberry, is known to possess various phytochemicals that exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, most studies on Rubus coreanus Miquel have been performed with the solvent extracts and/or a single component to demonstrate the efficacy, while studies evaluating the effect of the whole fructus of Rubus coreanus Miquel are limited. In this study, therefore, we employed the isoproterenol (IPN)-induced myocardial infarction model and investigated the effect of freeze-dried powder of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCP) on oxidative stress and prevention of organ damage. Oral administration of RCP reduced the level of toxicity markers, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) without affecting body weight and diet intake. The oxidative stress marker glutathione (GSH) increased about 45% and malonaldehyde (MDA) decreased about 27% compared to the IPN group with RCP-H (3%) administration. By histological analysis, IPN induced significant myocardial damage in the heart and vascular injury in the liver, and RCP administration ameliorated the damages in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, RCP activated the antioxidant system leading to prevention of damage to organs by IPN in rats, making it possible to expect beneficial efficacies by consuming the whole fructus of Rubus coreanus Miquel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.386-395
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• 2016

To develop a functional fermentation food from Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja) and chlorella mixtures, optimal lactic acid fermentation conditions were established, and quality properties based on physicochemical evaluation such as chemical compositions, free sugars, organic acids, and antibacterial activities were investigated. Regarding optimal fermentation strain selection, formation of lactic acid was best in Lactobacillus plantarum among the experimental strains (10 kinds), and the optimal fermentation temperature was $37^{\circ}C$. In addition, overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation was highest in the 5% chlorella mixture sample. Therefore, quality properties of the prepared sample under the established optimal fermentation conditions were investigated. Moisture, total sugar (dry basis), crude fiber (dry basis), and pH of fermented Rubus coreanus Miquel juice (RCM) with 5% chlorella mixture (RCM-C5) were reduced by 4.90%, 14.15%, and 0.32%, respectively, as compared with non-fermented RCM. Meanwhile, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash (dry basis) of RCM-C5 were elevated by 13.75%, 0.18%, and 0.73%, respectively, as compared with RCM. The yellowness (b value) of color values was greater in RCM-C5 compared to RCM. The free sugar and organic acid contents of RCM-C5 were elevated by 0.97% and 616.30 mg%, respectively, as compared with RCM. In addition, the gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was elevated by 5.83% while gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium were elevated by 2.94% and 4.67%, respectively, as compared with RCM. In conclusion, the quality properties of RCM and chlorella lactic acid fermentation mixtures were improved compared with the general RCM product. Consequently, it is possible to apply fermented RCM as a functional fermentation food.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

Most pruning branches of mulberry, Korean raspberry (bokbunja), and blueberries are discarded without use. These discarded pruning branches were utilized as feed in the investigation of the development and oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis with a focus on breeding possibilities. It was observed that the developmental period of P. brevitarsis larvae fed with berry fermented sawdust from mulberry, bokbunja, and blueberry was shortened to 157.3 130.3 days, and 140 days, respectively, compared to 169.3 days for those fed with oak fermented sawdust. The weight and survival rate of the larvae also increased. Under all three types of fermented sawdust feed, the percentage of larvae with weight ≧ 2.5 g during the group was over 60% between 6-8 weeks after hatching; however under oak fermented sawdust feed, it was within 10%, and the percentage only increased after 10 weeks. The average number of eggs laid per female was ≧ 80, with an average oviposition period of approximately 9 weeks; however, there was no significant difference owing to the large deviation per individual. Furthermore, mixed fermented sawdust from the three berries enhanced the growth rate of larvae, and there was no difference in the number of eggs laid compared to those fed with control oak fermented sawdust. Our study demonstrates berry fermentation sawdust is just as effective as oak fermentation sawdust in the breeding of P. brevitarsis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

This study aims to suggest basic data for developing forest product in Jeongeup City by surveying and analyzing consumer awareness and purchasing behavior. A survey was conducted focusing on local tourist attractions in Jeongeup City, and the analysis was conducted on 234 people. Among the local specialty processed products that the survey participants had experience in purchasing, food was mainly tea, concentrate solution, liquor, snacks and fruit syrup/enzyme. The therapy was shown in order of soap, aroma oil, and lotion. It was found that the purchase cost was more than 10,000 won and less than 30,000 won. Major purchase uses were for direct use and gifts, and 56.8% of the customers were satisfied with the satisfaction of the products, which were found to be purchased because of their good quality, good gift, and good health functions. In the question of 11 kinds of forest products, the subjects were aware of bokbunja, balloon flower, wild flower, deodeok, bracken, durum, and mal, among which bokbunja and wild flower were recognized as the representative forest products of Jeongeup. A cluster of food and therapy product selection attributes was analyzed to find target consumers. As the group that is interested in forest products and values the safety and quality of products is highly recognized, the value of forest products should be increased in consideration of the quality and safety of forest products when developing products in the future.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1007-1017
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• 2015

This study compared the physicochemical characteristics, proximate composition, taste compound, and antioxidant properties of Sikhye prepared with berries. Proximate composition and color were significantly different depending on the type of berry, whereas crude fat content and pH were not. The highest brix degree was $18.92^{\circ}Bx$ in strawberry Sikhye. Total free sugar, glucose, and fructose contents were highest in blueberry Sikhye. Titratable acidity, total acidity, and organic acid contents were highest in raspberry Sikhye. Analysis of relative antioxidative properties indicated that bokbunja Sikhye had the highest total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, highest DPPH radical scavenging ability, and highest reducing power and ferric reducing abilities in plasma. Principal component analysis suggests that bokbunja Sikhye has strong antioxidant and sweetness properties.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.472-481
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• 2011

In order to reuse remnants of medicinal herb extracts as an environment-friendly manure, fermented compost made from medicinal herb waste (MHWC), poultry manure compost (PMC) and MHWC+PMC (1:1, w/w) were applied on upland soil cultivated with 2 year-old Bokbunja plants. The results of the changes of soil chemical properties on upland soil, the yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were summarized as follows. The pH in soils treated with composts (STCs) was significantly changed (p<0.05) compared with untreated control (UC) group. The electrical conductivity (EC) in MHWC group was decreased 0.46-0.56 times compared with UC, and it was different from PMC groups. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased in all of the treatments and MHWC group was the highest among the all groups. The content of available phosphorous was different by types and amounts of the composts. The content of heavy metal in all groups did not exceed the standard content for soil contamination. The yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were the highest in the treatments of MHWC. In conclusion, MHWC is an effective compost resource on improvement of soil environment and promoting the fruit qualities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The optimal recipe for manufacturing composite honey-based herbal pills mainly comprising Rubus coreanus powder (RCP), black mulberry powder (BMP), and vitamin C was investigated. Honey-based herbal pills were prepared by mixing these powders, binding them with honey, and then forming a round shape. The experiment was designed based on the D-optimal mixture design, which included 12 experimental points with one replicate for three independent variables as follows: RCP (10~35%), BMP (10~35%), and vitamin C (5~10%). In addition, the dependent variables (total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity) were measured and used to optimize the manufacturing conditions. The results showed that high amounts of RCP were correlated with high total flavonoid content, whereas the addition of high amounts of vitamin C resulted in higher antioxidant activity. In conclusion, an optimized formulation for the honey-based herbal pill was found to contain 35% RCP, 10% BMP, and 10% vitamin C.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2020

국내 복분자는 서양에서 유래한 서양복분자(Rubus occidentalis)와 국내 자생종을 개량한 토종복분자(Rubus coreauns)가 혼용되고 있으며, 전통 한방약재로서 미숙과를 중심으로 국내에서 유통되고 있는 복분자의 영양성분적인 특성과 주요성분인 ellagic acid 함량을 비교하였다. 토종복분자는 광양에서 재배되고 있는 복분자를 수집하였으며, 외래종 서양복분자는 고창에서 재배되고 있는 복분자를 수집하여 사용하였다. 나머지는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 국내산과 중국산 복분자를 경동약령시장과 금산약령시장으로부터 구매하여 사용하였다. 영양성분으로는 조지방, 조단백질 그리고 탄수화물 함량을 측정하였으며, 유리당, 지방산, 유리 아미노산 17종의 함량을 측정하였다. 조지방의 경우 토종복분자는 1.90 %, 서양복분자는 3.03 % 이였으며, 중국산 유통품은 2.28 %, 기타 국내산 유통품의 경우 2.89 %으로 중국산복분자의 조지방 함량이 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 탄수화물 함량의 경우 70.28~71.85 %로 복분자간의 함량에 큰 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 유리당의 경우에는 토종복분자의 경우 glucose가 19.03 mg/g, fructose 16.29 mg/g이 측정되었고 고창 서양복분자의 경우 glucose가 16.29 mg/g, fructose 12.76 mg/g이 측정되어 유리당의 총 함량은 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었으나 토종복분자의 경우 glucose의 함량이 조금 높은 것을 확인하였다. 복분자의 지방산 조성을 비교한 결과 고창 서양복분자에서 불포화지방산의 함량이 19.49 mg/g 으로 광양 토종복분자의 7.69 mg/g에 비하여 월등히 높은 것을 확인되었으며, 불포화지방산 중 linoleic acid (12.19 mg/g), oleic acid (1.88 mg/g)와 linolenic acid (5.43 mg/g) 함량이 높았다. 복분자의 아미노산의 함량은 광양 토종복분자의 경우 4.50 mg/g, 고창 서양복분자의 경우 5.05 mg/g으로 유리아미노산의 함량은 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 아미노산 17종 성분 중 asparagine(0.65~0.84 mg/g), arginine(0.51~1.00 mg/g)과 threonine(0.99~1.63 mg/g)의 함량이 높았다. 지표성분으로 ellagic acid의 함량은 광양 토종복분자의 경우 2.56 mg/g, 고창의 서양복분자의 경우 3.16 mg/g으로 측정되어 서양복분자가 조금 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 유통되고 있는 중국산 복분자의 ellagic acid의 경우 2.99 mg/g, 기타 국내산 유통 복분자의 경우 2.83 mg/g으로 광양 토종복분자와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 위의 연구결과는 국내에서 유통되는 토종 및 서양 복분자를 원료로 하는 기능성식품에 대한 제품개발의 기초자료로서 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.