• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1980

우리나라에서 처음 재배(栽培)를 시작한 elderberry anthocyanin의 화학구조(化學構造)를 동정하고 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)하였다. Elderberry열매에서 1% HCl MeOH로 추출(抽出)하여 얻은 색소농축액(色素濃縮液)을 Amberlite IRC-50 양(陽)이온교환수지관을 통과시켜 정제(精製)하고 paper chromatography로 개별색소(個別色素)를 분리(分離)하였다. 각(各) 개별색소(個別色素)에 대해 부분산가수분해(部分酸加水分解), acyl group, 결합당(結合糖), aglycone의 확인(確認), paper chromatography로 얻은 $R_f$값, spectral data 등을 기초로 구조를 확인(確認)하였다. 확인(確認)된 elderberry중(中)의 5가지 색소(色素)는 cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside with p-coumaric arid, cyanidin-3-xyloglucoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-xyloglucoside-5-glucoside with p-coumaric acid이었다. 총 anthocyanin양은 elderberry 1g당 3.13mg이고 개별색소(個別色素)의 비(比)는 cyanidin-3-glucoside 4.3%, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside 28.3%, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside with p-coumaric arid 12.9%, cyanidin-3-xyloglucoside-5-glucoside 38.3%, cyanidin-3-xyloglucoside-5-glucoside with p-coumaric acid가 16.2%이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2008

본 연구는 식물의 대표적인 색소 성분인 anthocyanin계 색소 중 cyanidin이 인체 유방암 세포 MDA-MB-231에서 세포의 이동성과 침윤성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시 되었다. 실험 결과 cyanidin의 첨가량이 증가할수록 세포의 운동성, 이동성, 침윤성이 유의적으로 억제되었다. 그러나 ECM 분해 시 암세포에서 분비되는 단백질 분해 효소인 MMP-2, MMP-9의 활성과 MMP-9의 mRNA 수준은 cyanidin에 의해 영향 받지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 결론적으로, cyanidin은 세포 증식에 영향을 미치지 않는 범위 내에서 암세포의 전이과정 중 이동성과 침윤성을 억제할 수 있다는 가능성이 관찰되었으나, MMPs 활성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보아 MMPs 이외의 경로를 통해 전이 과정이 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2010

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus is one of the indigenous medicinal plant and the fruits of Acanthopanax spp. used as a remedial for "wipe out evil wind". Two anthocyanin were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus. Their structures were elucidated as cyanidin 3-lathyroside (1) and cyanidin 3-galactoside (2) by chemicophysical and spectroscopic analysis. And also, four chemical, syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and acanthoside D were identified. Both anthocyanide were isolated for the first time from Acanthopanax species. cyanidin 3-lathyroside is one of the rare anthocyanin in natural resources.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

나무딸기 과즙색소(果汁色素)를 포화염기성 초산 납처리를 하여 색소(色素)를 추출(抽出)하고 polyvinylpyrroldione을 충전(充塡)시킨 column에 색소를 유입(流入)시켜 fraction collector로 분획(分劃)하여 4 개의 개별색소(個別色素)를 분리(分離), 진공건조(眞空乾燥) 시켜 건고(乾固)시켰으며 각(各) 개별색소에 대해 당(糖), aglycone 산부분(酸部分) 가수분해(加水分解), acyl기, 분광학적(分光學的)인 성질 등의 실험결과에 의하여 anthocyanin의 구조를 확인(確認)하였다. 개별색소 1 은 cyanidin-3, 5- digalactoside with caffeic acid 2 번은 cyanidin -3- digalactoside with caffeic acid 3 번은 cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside with caffeic acid 4 번은 cyanidin-3-monoglucoside with caffeic acid로 고정(固定)하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

Flavonoids have an ability to suppress various ion channels. We determined whether one of flavonoids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, affects adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced calcium signaling using digital imaging methods for intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Treatment with ATP ($100{\mu}M$) for 90 sec induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside ($1{\mu}g/ml$ to $100{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases in a concentration-dependent manner ($IC_{50}=15.3{\mu}g/ml$). Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside ($15{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses following removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ or depletion of intracellular [$Ca^{2+}$]i stores. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited the relatively specific P2X2 receptor agonist 2-MeSATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the thapsigargin or ATP-induced store-operated calcium entry. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses in the presence of nimodipine and ${\omega}$-conotoxin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited KCl (50 mM)-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization. The intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator BAPTA-AM or the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter inhibitor RU360 blocked the ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. Cyanidin-3-glucoside blocked ATP-induced formation of ROS. BAPTA-AM further decreased the formation of ROS in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. All these results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced calcium signaling in PC12 cells by inhibiting multiple pathways which are the influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the nimodipine and ${\omega}$-conotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways and the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from intracellular stores. In addition, cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced formation of ROS by inhibiting $Ca^{2+}$-induced mitochondrial depolarization.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2016

Age-related rotator cuff tendon degeneration is related to tenofibroblast apoptosis. Anthocyanins reduce oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death in tenofibroblasts. The current study investigated the presence of cell protective effects in cyanidin and delphinidin, the most common aglycon forms of anthocyanins. We determined whether these anthocyanidins have antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects in tenofibroblasts exposed to $H_2O_2$, and evaluated their biomolecular mechanisms. Both cyanidin and delphinidin inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, at concentrations of $100{\mu}g/ml$ or greater, delphinidin showed cytotoxicity against tenofibroblasts and a decreased antinecrotic effect. Cyanidin and delphinidin both showed inhibitory effects on the $H_2O_2$-induced increase in intracellular ROS formation and the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK. In conclusion, both cyanidin and delphinidin have cytoprotective effects on cultured tenofibroblasts exposed to $H_2O_2$. These results suggest that cyanidin and delphinidin are both beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated tenofibroblast cell death, but their working concentrations are different.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

최근 안토시아닌 색소의 생리활성에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라 천연색소 자원으로서 유망시되는 뽕나무 오디의 이용성을 높이고 생리활성물질로서 C3G(cyanidin-3-glucoside) 색소를 다량 함유한 뽕나무의 품종육성을 위하여 유전자원으로 보존되고 있는 뽕 계통에 대하여 오디를 수확한 후 색소를 추출, 분리 및 정량 분석을 실시하였다. 1. 오디 함유 anthocyanin 색소의 추출은 1% HCl-MeOH 용액을 사용하였으며, 분석 기기로는 Shimadzu LC, Nova-pack $C_{18}$ Column(300${\times}$3.9 mm)을 사용하였다. 2. 오디와 포도에 존재하는 안토시아닌 색소의 조성 패턴을 비교한 결과, 오디는 C3G(cyanidin-3-glucoside) 단일 물질로 존재하는 반면, 포도는 여러 가지 안토시아닌 색소가 혼합되어 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 오디와 포도의 계통별 C3G(cyanidin-3-glucoside) 함량을 분석한 결과, 포도에 비해 오디의 C3G함량이 상대적으로 매우 높았다. 4. 이상의 결과 뽕나무 열매인 오디는 안토시아닌 색소의 존재형태, 이용부위 및 함량에 있어 천연색소 자원으로서 유망시되며, 색소자원으로 이용시 타작물보다 유리한 경제수종으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Morus alba fruit contains several anthocyanins and flavonoids like cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Extractions from Morus alba fruit were performed with five different compositions of ethanol/water [v/v]. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for the validation and content determination of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. The contents of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside in ethanol extracts (100%, 70%, 40%, 20% and 0%, ethanol/water [v/v]) were 1.150%, 0.822%, 0.749%, 0.663% and 0.597%, respectively. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside contents of ethanol extracts (100%, 70%, 40%, 20% and 0%, ethanol/water [v/v]) were 0.167%, 0.161%, 0.159%, 0.155% and 0.096%, respectively. The highest contents of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were in the ethanol extract with 100% ethanol/water [v/v]. These HPLC analysis method could be used as basic data for standardization of functional food from Morus alba fruit.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2007

Obesity-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in obesity-related pathologies such as type II diabetes and atherosclerosis. Adipose tissue macrophages and the cell-derived proinflammatory chemokines are key components in augmenting inflammatory responses in obesity. Anthocyanins such as cyanidin and $cyanidin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (C3G) are known to elicit anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing the production of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In the present study, we investigated whether cyanidin and C3G have the potential to suppress the inflammatory responses of adipose cells. Cyanidin and C3G not only suppressed the migration of RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by mesenteric adipose tissue-conditioned medium, but also inhibited the activation of the cells to produce inflammatory chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein-2 (MRP-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Cyanidin and C3G also inhibited the release of MCP-1 and MRP-2 from adipocytes and/or macrophages. These findings suggest that cyanidin and C3G may suppress the inflammatory responses of adipose tissue in obesity.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins have been recognized as health-enhancing substances due to their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hypoglycemic effects. The objective was to identify anthocyanins-rich rice grains for the development of functional foods and/or functional food colorants METHODS AND RESULTS: Rice grains of one black and three red-hulled rice varieties were extracted with acidified 80% aqueous methanol. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts was screened on TLC plates and in an in vitro assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) as a free radical source. Red-hulled rice varieties exhibited higher antioxidant activity (88%, 1 mg/mL) than black rice (67%, 1 mg/mL). Among the red-hulled varieties tested, rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) was the most active (72%, 0.5 mg/mL). Rice extracted anthocyanin compounds were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD and LC-MS/MS. Red-hulled varieties comprised cyanidin-3-glucoside in addition to ferulic acid esters, apigenin and kaempferol glycosides. CONCLUSION(s): Anthocyanins identified in the black rice variety were cyanidin-7-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin-3'-O-glucoside, cyanidin-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3, 7-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside and peonidin-4'-O-glucoside. The results of this study show that the black rice (IT212512) and red-hulled rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) contain notable antioxidant activity for potential use in nutraceutical or functional food formulations.