• 제목/요약/키워드: Neuro Plasticity

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Neuromuscular Skeletal Plasticity Moving on from Traditional Physiotherapy Concepts

  • Horst, Renata
    • PNF and Movement
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.33-46
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : N.A.P.(Neuromuscular Skeletal Plasticity) an integrative neuro-orthopedic concept to facilitate motor strategies in daily life. The primary thesis is, that treatment of body functions and structural impairments should be integrated within goal-oriented activities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the functional activity itself, determines the structure. Material and Methods : A case report of a dentist with brachial plexus lesion after a motor vehicle accident is presented. The necessity for training body functions within relevant tasks is undermined by references which emphasize the importance of training realistic activities to enhance long-term changes in neural representation. Results : The treatment methods presented in this case show significant effects for the patient's ability to participate in his profession within less than a year's time after his motor vehicle accident. Conclusions : Current evidence supports the treatment methods of this concept. The inability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm placed a considerable doubt to his ability to ever be able to participate in his profession again. Structural reorganization is possible and depends on functional demands, which need to be trained task-specifically. Single case reports may serve as the basis for further randomized controlled studies to support the efficacy of the treatment methods within the N.A.P. concept.

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무용콘텐츠에 내재된 소매틱스의 뇌과학적 메커니즘 (Neuroscientific Mechanism from Somatics in Dance Contents)

  • 김은정
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.365-373
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 소매틱스(Somatics)를 발전시킨 무용 콘텐츠(Dance Contents)의 신경과학적 매커니즘(neuroscientific mechanism)을 문헌연구를 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 이에 따라 첫째, 소매틱스에서 사용하는 뇌과학적 매커니즘을 정리하고 둘째, 무용에서 활용되고 있는 소매틱스 훈련법을 통해 적용된 훈련법에 내포된 뇌과학적 메커니즘을 문헌연구를 통해 밝혀보았다. 본 연구에서는 소매틱스를 휄든크라이스(Feldenkrais)로 제한하여 신경가소성(neuroplasticity), 고유수용감각(proprioception), 감각통합(sensory integration)를 통해 작동원리를 설명할 수 있었다. 연구결과 가가(Gaga)와 타말파(Tamalpa)는 휄든크라이스의 주요기법인 움직임을 통한 자각(awareness thorough movement)을 수용하여 고유수용감각을 통해 받아들인 정보들을 통해 새로운 네트워크를 형성하고 감각통합을 하는 방식을 취하였다. 본 연구는 무용 훈련 안에서 일어난 뇌와 신체 간의 작용원리를 과학적으로 설명하고, 안무자, 무용가들이 자신의 무용연구 및 훈련에 이를 적용하고, 뇌과학적 관점에서 신체 움직임의 작동원리를 설명할 수 있는 밑거름을 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다.

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach using IoT data in predicting springback in ultra-thin stainless steel sheets with consideration of grain size

  • Jing Zhao;Lichun Wan;Mostafa Habibi;Ameni Brahmia
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.109-124
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    • 2024
  • In the era of smart manufacturing, precise prediction of springback-a common issue in ultra-thin sheet metal forming- and forming limits are critical for ensuring high-quality production and minimizing waste. This paper presents a novel approach that leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to enhance springback and forming limits prediction accuracy. By integrating IoT-enabled sensors and devices, real-time data on material properties, forming conditions, and environmental factors are collected and transmitted to a central processing unit. This data serves as the input for an ANN model, which is trained with crystal plasticity simulations and experimental data to predict springback with high precision. Our proposed system not only provides continuous monitoring and adaptive learning capabilities but also facilitates real-time decision-making in manufacturing processes. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in prediction accuracy compared to traditional methods, highlighting the potential of IoT and ANN integration in advancing smart manufacturing. This approach promises to revolutionize quality control and operational efficiency in the industry, paving the way for more intelligent and responsive manufacturing systems.

정상 노년층의 동심성 및 편심성 수축 시 대뇌 피질신경원 흥분도 비교 (Comparison of Cerebral Cortical Neuron Excitability of Normal Elderly People during Concentric and Eccentric Contraction)

  • 강정일;최현
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.262-267
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the differences in cerebral cortex activity of the elderly after extracting the movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) from electroencephalogram (EEG) during a concentric and eccentric contraction of the elbow joint flexors, and entering them into the brain-mapping program to make the images. Methods: Right-dominant normal elderly people were divided into an eccentric contraction group and a concentric contraction group. Then, their MRCPs were measured using EEG and sEMG, during an eccentric and concentric contraction. Then, they were converted into images using the brain-mapping program. Results: Eccentric contraction group's $C_3$ and Cz showed statistically higher mean values of MRCP positive potential than the concentric contraction group. Conclusion: Researching a cerebral cortex activity, using MRCP, would provide basic data for clinical neuro-physiological researches on aging or neural plasticity of patients with a central nervous system injury.

Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease

  • De La Monte, Suzanne M.
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제42권8호
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    • pp.475-481
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    • 2009
  • Emerging data demonstrate pivotal roles for brain insulin resistance and insulin deficiency as mediators of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate neuronal survival, energy metabolism, and plasticity, which are required for learning and memory. Hence, endogenous brain-specific impairments in insulin and IGF signaling account for the majority of AD-associated abnormalities. However, a second major mechanism of cognitive impairment has been linked to obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Human and experimental animal studies revealed that neurodegeneration associated with peripheral insulin resistance is likely effectuated via a liver-brain axis whereby toxic lipids, including ceramides, cross the blood brain barrier and cause brain insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and cell death. In essence, there are dual mechanisms of brain insulin resistance leading to AD-type neurodegeneration: one mediated by endogenous, CNS factors; and the other, peripheral insulin resistance with excess cytotoxic ceramide production.

Online Automatic Gauge Controller Tuning Method by using Neuro-Fuzzy Model in a Hot Rolling Plant

  • Choi, Sung-Hoo;Lee, Young-Kow;Kim, Sang-Woo;Hong, Sung-Chul
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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    • pp.1539-1544
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    • 2005
  • The gauge control of the fishing mill is very important because more and more accurately sized hot rolled coils are demanded by customers recently. Because the mill constant and the plasticity coefficient vary with the specifications of the mill, the classification of steel, the strip width, the strip thickness and the slab temperature, the variation of these parameters should be considered in the automatic gauge control system(AGC). Generally, the AGC gain is used to minimize the effect of the uncertain parameters. In a practical field, operators set the AGC gain as a constant value calculated by FSU (Finishing-mill Set-Up model) and it is not changed during the operating time. In this paper, the thickness data signals that occupy different frequency bands are respectively extracted by adaptive filters and then the main cause of the thickness variation is analyzed. Additionally, the AGC gain is adaptively tuned to reduce this variation using the online tuning model. Especially ANFIS(Adaptive-Neuro-based Fuzzy Interface System) which unifies both fuzzy logics and neural networks, is used for this gain adjustment system because fuzzy logics use the professionals' experiences about the uncertainty and the nonlinearity of the system. Simulation is performed by using POSCO's data and the results show that proposed on-line gain adjustment algorithm has a good performance.

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턱관절균형의학에서 편차발생현상의 신경과학 및 재료역학적 해석과 일반화 (Interpretation and Generalization by Neuroscience and Material Mechanics on Deviation in Temporomandibular Joint Balancing Medicine)

  • 지규용
    • 턱관절균형의학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: For the deviation phenomenon occurring during the treatment process in temporo-mandibular balancing medicine (TBM), hypotheses were established regarding the cause and mechanism of formation from the perspective of neuro-science and material mechanics, and a verification method was proposed. Methods: The deviation phenomenon was theoretically analyzed based on the structure theories of material mechanics of the joint and the neurological pain mechanism. Results: Deviation occurs due to temporary yield by the accumulation of heterogeneous stress in the temporo-mandibular joint and the affected joint. Because the joint structures are corresponding with material mechanics showing compressive and tensile properties. The size of the deviation is expressed in terms of strain. The occlusal surface of the teeth is level with the axial joint. Since the magnitude of the deviation has a proportional relationship with the degree of abnormality of the temporo-mandibular joint, the magnitude of the deviation calculated by the balance measurement can be replaced by the strain. The major variables involved in the occurrence of deviations are the strength of joint structures and neurological conditions. Therefore plastic deformation and adaptation occur as a long-term depression of neural circuits is strengthened in different ways at different locations each time in various clinical situations. This is the reason why the sequence of the restoration process while correcting deviations is following reverse order of the accumulation in many layers in the muscular nervous system. Conclusions: From the above results, it can be inferred that the occurrence and correction of the deviations are corresponding with the plastic deformation and neuro-plasticity.

초등 과학 교육에서 두뇌 연구 방법의 고찰 - fMRI 활용법을 중심으로 - (A Review on Brain Study Methods in Elementary Science Education - A Focus on the fMRl Method -)

  • 신동훈;권용주
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 2007
  • The higher cognitive functions of the human brain including teaming are hypothesized to be selectively distributed across large-scale neural networks interconnected to the cortical and subcortical areas. Recently, advances in functional imaging have made it possible to visualize the brain areas activated by certain cognitive activities in vivo. Neural substrates for teaming and motivation have also begun to be revealed. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a non-invasive indirect mapping of cerebral activity, based on the blood- oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast which is based on the localized hemodynamic changes following neural activities in certain areas of the brain. The fMRI method is now becoming an essential tool used to define the neuro-functional mechanisms of higher brain functions such as memory, language, attention, learning, plasticity and emotion. Further research in the field of education will accelerate the verification of the effects on loaming or help in the selection of model teaching strategies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review brain study methods using fMRI in science education. In conclusion, a number of possible strategies using fMRI for the study of elementary science education were suggested.

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ZigBee를 이용한 뇌졸중 치료용 무선 전기 자극기 개발 (Development of Wireless Neuro-Modulation System for Stroke Recovery Using ZigBee Technology)

  • 김국화;유문호;신용일;김형일;김남균;양윤석
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2007
  • Stroke is the second most significant disease leading to death in Korea. The conventional therapeutic approach is mainly based on physical training, however, it usually provides the limited degree of recovery of the normal brain function. The electric stimulation therapy is a novel and candidate approach with high potential for stroke recovery. The feasibility was validated by preliminary rat experiments in which the motor function was recovered up to 80% of the normal performance level. It is thought to improve the neural plasticity of the nerve tissues around the diseased area in the stroked brain. However, there are not so much research achievements in the electric stimulation for stroke recovery as for the Parkinson's disease or Epilepsy. This study aims at the developments of a wireless variable pulse generator using ZigBee communication for future implantation into human brain. ZigBee is widely used in wireless personal area network (WPAN) and home network applications due to its low power consumption and simplicity. The developed wireless pulse generator controlled by ZigBee can generate various electric stimulations without any distortion. The electric stimulation includes monophasic and biphasic pulse with the variation of shape parameters, which can affect the level of recovery. The developed system can be used for the telerehabilitation of stroke patient by remote control of brain stimulation via ZigBee and internet. Furthermore, the ZigBee connection used in this study provides the potential neural signal transmission method for the Brain-Machine Interface (BMI).