• Title/Summary/Keyword: Transferred temperature

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Patterning of BiLaO film using imprinting process for liquid crystal display (임프린팅을 이용한 BiLaO 패터닝과 액정 디스플레이 소자의 응용)

  • Lee, Ju Hwan
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.64-68
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    • 2021
  • We demonstrate an effect of annealing temperature on imprinting process of BiLaO thin film for liquid crystal alignment. BiLaO prepared sol-gel process was deposited by spin coating on a glass substrate, and then transferred to a pre-fabricated aligned pattern which is fabricated on a silicon wafer by laser interference lithography. Thin film was annealed at different temperature of 100, 150, 200, and 250 ℃. From the polarized optical microscopy analysis, the liquid crystal orientation was not uniform at the annealing temperature of 200 ℃ or lower and the uniform liquid crystal alignment characteristics were confirmed at the annealing temperature of 250 ℃. From atomic force microscopy, the pattern was not transferred at a temperature of 200 ℃ or lower. In contrast, the pattern was transferred at 250 ℃. Anisotropy of the thin film was obtained by the alignment pattern transferred at a temperature of 250 ℃, and the liquid crystal molecules could be evenly oriented on the thin film. Therefore, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal alignment process by the imprinting process of the BiLaO oxide film was affected by the annealing temperature.

Characteristics of High Temperature Fatigue for welding material by Plasma Transferred Arc Weld (플라즈마 분말 용접재의 고온피로특성)

  • Choi, Seong-Dae;Cheong, Seon-Hwan;Kweon, Hyun-Kyu;Kim, Gi-Man;Kim, Jam-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2007
  • The overlay welding the automobile where the durability is demanded, it is used in the vessel engine valve, plant valve and pump parts. Cause of damage public opinion one what is thought is the fatigue load due to the opening and shutting operation right time repetition of the engine valve. The damage cause of the engine valve or explanation of destruction mechanism is very difficult. The research which it sees to make clear a overlay welding of Co-alloy by Plasma Transferred Arc Weld Surfacing Process reconsideration fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth mechanism at high temperature.

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A study on the physical behavior of arc plasmas in transferred-type Torch (이행형 토치에서의 아크 플라즈마의 물리적 거동에 관한 연구)

  • 김외동;고광철;강형부
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.415-425
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    • 1996
  • This study presents an analytical method of solving the behaviors of arc plasma in a nozzle constricting transferred-type torch and purposes to obtain the basic data for the design of a plasma torch, which can be obtained from the temperature, pressure, velocities and voltage distributions. We have to solve some conservation equations simultaneously and need to know the exact thermal gas properties in order to obtain the correct behaviors of arc plasma. It is also necessary to give the relevant physical or geometric boundary conditions. For the simplicity of analysis, we assumed that (a) the plasma flow is laminar, (b)the local thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. LTE, prevails over the entire arc column region. The electrode sheath effects were neglected and the nozzle area was excluded from the analysis by assuming that the current flow into the nozzle is zero. We solved the momentum transfer equation including the self-magnetic pinch effect, and obtained the temperature distribution from the energy conservation equation. From this temperature, we could get arc voltage distribution. (author). refs., figs., tabs.

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The Study of Thyristor Valve Water Cooling Control Systems (대전력 반도체 정류기 수냉식 냉각 설비 냉매 온도 제어시스템에 관한 연구)

  • 임익헌;류호선
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 1999.07a
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    • pp.230-233
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    • 1999
  • The design and implementation of thyristor water cooling control systems in considered in this pape Coolant water is pumped through the thyristor heat sinks where heat is transferred from the thyristo to the water. This water is then pumped through outdoor air-to-water heat exchangers where heat I transferred to the outside air. Since the water must be pure, it is filtered and de-ionized. Also the water temperature must be below dew-point temperature. Redundant pumps, outdoor heat exchangers, power supply system, controller monitoring system are provided for system reliability and availability.

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Influence of Temperature Shifts on Antibody Synthesis in the Oliver Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Immunised with Formalin Killed Edwardsiella tarda Antigen

  • Jeong, Hyun-Do;Yoon, So-Hye;Jeong, Jun-Gi;Jun, Lyn-Jin;Jeong, Joon-Bum;Lee, June-Woo
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 2006
  • The effects of various temperature shifts on the kinetics of the humoral antibody response in oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, immunised with formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda, were determined by measuring the antibody production in vivo and in vitro. When fish acclimated to a high temperature and immunised at that temperature were transferred to a lower temperature (22℃ to 12℃) at a various times after immunisation, the fish showed a weaker immune response than that achieved when the fish were kept at a high environmental temperature. However, in the converse experiment (12℃ to 22℃), the magnitude of the humoral immune response was recovered independent of the time of the transfer after immunisation at low temperature, even though the peak levels of each transferred group did not reach the level found in the positive control group that was maintained and immunised at a high environmental temperature. Hence, these studies provide some evidence that the potential for antibody production in B cells of oliver flounder immunized at high temperature is not impaired by subsequent exposure to low temperature.

Analysis of patients transported in ambulances by season and daily temperatures (계절 및 기온에 따른 119 구급대 환자 이송 건수 및 병력의 차이)

  • Lee, Kyoung-Youl;Lee, Jeong-Hyeok
    • The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the number of patients with and without medical history transported to the emergency department due to changes in daily temperature and season. Methods: Data on emergency activity sheet and daily weather were collected from March 2016 to February 2017 in the city of Gyeonggi-do. In total, 13,531 patients were transferred to the emergency department in 119 ambulance. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21). Results: The daily average number of patients transferred was the highest in August and September, i.e., the summer season. The higher the daily highest and lowest temperatures, higher the daily average number of patients transferred. In contrast, patients with medical history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pulmonary disease had a higher incidence of transfers in the winter season and on days with lower temperature. Conclusion: The results indicate that as people become more active during the summer when temperatures are high, the chances of daily emergencies increases, whereas patients with medical history are more likely to experience emergencies when the temperatures were lower. Hence, 119 ambulances will have to be prepared in advance to deal with this trend.

Numerical investigation on punching shear of RC slabs exposed to fire

  • Sadaghian, Hamed;Farzam, Masood
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.217-233
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    • 2019
  • This paper describes the numerical modelling of an interior slab-column connection to investigate the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under fire conditions. Parameters of the study were the fire direction, flexural reinforcement ratio, load levels, shear reinforcement and compressive strength of concrete. Moreover, the efficiency of the insulating material, gypsum, in reducing the heat transferred to the slab was assessed. Validation studies were conducted comparing the simulation results to experiments from the literature and common codes of practice. Temperature dependencies of both concrete and reinforcing steel bars were considered in thermo-mechanical analyses. Results showed that there is a slight difference in temperature endurance of various models with respect to concrete with different compressive strengths. It was also concluded that compared to a slab without gypsum, 10-mm and 20-mm thick gypsum reduce the maximum heat transferred to the slab by 45.8% and 70%, respectively. Finally, it was observed that increasing the flexural reinforcement ratio changes the failure mode from flexural punching to brittle punching in most cases.

Production of Nano Powder by Using Transferred Thermal Plasma (이송식 열 플라즈마를 이용한 나노입자 제조)

  • Jo, Tae-Jin;Kim, Heon-Chang;Han, Chang-Suk;Kim, Jwa-Yeon;Kim, Young-Suk
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.14 no.2 s.61
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 2007
  • It is well known that thermal plasma process has lots of advantages such as high temperature and good quality for synthesis of nano particles. In this research, we attempt the synthesis of nano unitary and composite powder (Ag, Mg-Al, Zr-V-Fe) using transferred thermal plasma. Nano particles of metal alloy, ranging from 20 nm to 150 nm, have been synthesized by this process.

Influence of temperature shifts on the kinetics of the specific antibody secreting cells in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

  • Yoon, So-Hye;Hong, Su-Hee;Jeong, Joon-Bum;Jeong, Hyun-Do
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2010
  • We determined the effects of temperature shifts on the kinetics of the numbers of antibody-secreting cell (ASC) in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus immunised with formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda. When fish that were acclimated to $22^{\circ}C$ and immunised at that temperature were transferred to a lower temperature ($12^{\circ}C$) at a various times (immediately, 1, 2 or 4 weeks) after immunisation, both further differentiation of B cells and secretion of antibody from the ASC developed at $22^{\circ}C$ were suppressed at $12^{\circ}C$. However, in the converse experiment ($12^{\circ}C$ to $22^{\circ}C$), the magnitude of the humoral immune response was recovered independent of the time of the transfer after immunisation at low temperature, even though the peak levels of each transferred group did not reach the level found in $22^{\circ}C$ control group. The results were confirmed by counting the number of specific antibody secreting cells (SASC) in the spleen. This study provides the evidences of the immune reaction that the potential for antibody production in B cells of flounder, the most important species in aquatic industry of Korea, immunized at high temperature is suppressed by subsequent exposure to low temperature and that low temperature-induced humoral immuno suppression can be reversed by exposure to a higher temperature.

An Experimental Study on the Comfortable Room Control Conditioning Using Personal Computer (컴퓨터를 이용한 가정용 냉방기기의 실내쾌적조건 조절에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Cho, Jin Ho;Lee, Dae Woo
    • The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.442-447
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    • 1988
  • To keep comfortable indoor condition, the existing air conditioning system is controlled by the ON/OFF temperature controller. The PID control unit is developed to control temperature and humidity simultaneously, and the Air-conditioning control system is transferred from the ON/OFF temperature controller to the PID control unit for experiment. As a result of this experiment, the PID control unit reduced energy consumption compared with the ON/OFF control unit.

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