Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Age difference in association between obesity and Nutrition Quotient scores of preschoolers and school children

어린이 영양지수로 살펴본 유아와 초등학생의 식행동과 비만 사이의 관련성에 있어서 연령의 차이

  • Bae, Joo-Mee (Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University) ;
  • Kang, Myung-Hee (Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University)
  • 배주미 (한남대학교 대덕밸리캠퍼스 식품영양학과) ;
  • 강명희 (한남대학교 대덕밸리캠퍼스 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2016.11.08
  • Accepted : 2016.12.02
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted among 235 children aged 3 up to 11 yrs to examine the relationship between subjects' eating behaviors and obesity. Methods: The subjects were divided into three age groups: preschoolers aged 3 to 5 yrs, early elementary school students aged 6 to 8 yrs, and late elementary school students aged 9 to 11 yrs. As a tool for eating behaviors, the recently developed nutrition quotient (NQ) questionnaire was utilized. By age group, scores were gathered and calculated in the five factors, "Balance", "Diversity", "Moderation", "Regularity", and "Practice", which make up the NQ scores. Results: The NQ scores among those aged 3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 11 yrs did not exhibit any significant differences. Among the scores for the five factors of the NQ, the Diversity scores of those aged 9 to 11 yrs were significantly higher than the scores of those aged 3 to 5 and those aged 6 to 8 yrs. The scores of those aged 3 to 5 and those aged 6 to 8 yrs were higher than the scores of those aged 9 to 11 yrs in Moderation and Regularity. When the subjects were divided into loww-eight/normal and overweight/obese groups, among those aged 6 to 8 yrs, the NQ scores, Moderation, Regularity, and Practice scores were higher in the overweight/obese group than those in the low-weight/normal group. Among those aged 9 to 11 yrs, the overweight/obese group scored higher than the low-weight/normal group only in the Moderation component. Conclusion: From the results, to prevent obesity in elementary school students, it is practical to focus on training related to eating behavior items included in the Moderation component. Furthermore, personalized instructions on eating behaviors and nutritional education based on age are necessary to prevent obesity in children.

본 연구에서는 대전지역 만 3세부터 만 11세까지 어린이 222명을 대상으로 3~5세 유아, 6~8세 초등학교 저학년, 그리고 9~11세 초등학교 고학년의 세 연령군으로 나누어 연령별 식행동의 변화가 나타나는지 살펴보고, 식행동과 비만도와의 관련성을 보고자 하였다. 식행동 조사도구로는 최근 개발된 NQ 설문지를 사용하였으며 각 연령별로 NQ 점수와 NQ를 구성하고 있는 '균형', '다양', '절제', '규칙', '실천'의 다섯 영역 점수를 산출하여 비만도에 따라 비교, 분석하였다. 대상자 NQ 점수는 연령에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 NQ의 다섯 가지 구성요인으로 본 점수 중 '균형' 요인과 '실천' 요인 점수는 연령별 차이를 보이지 않았으나, '다양' 요인 점수는 3~5세와 6~8세에 비해 9~11세에서 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면 (p < 0.001), '절제' 요인 점수는 3~5세에 비해 6~8세와 9~11세에서 (p < 0.01), 그리고 '규칙' 요인 점수는 3~5세와 6~8세에 비해 9~11세에서 유의적으로 낮았다 (p < 0.05). 대상자를 정상군과 과체중 비만군의 두 군으로 나누었을 때, 3~5세의 경우, 비만에 따른 NQ 점수 및 구성요인 점수에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 6~8세의 경우는 NQ 점수 (p < 0.001) 및 '절제' (p < 0.001), '규칙' (p < 0.001), '실천' (p < 0.05) 점수에서 과체중 비만군의 점수가 정상군보다 낮았으며, 9~11세의 경우는 '절제' 요인 점수에서만 과체중 비만군의 점수가 정상군보다 낮게 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 연령별로 체중과 NQ 점수와의 상관관계를 본 결과 3~5세의 경우, 체중과 NQ 점수 및 구성요인 점수 사이에 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 6~8세의 경우 체중과 NQ 점수 사이에 유의적인 음의 상관관계 (p < 0.01), 또 체중과 '절제' (p < 0.001), '규칙' (p < 0.001) 및 '실천' (p < 0.05) 점수 사이에 각각 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 9~11세의 경우도 체중과 NQ 점수 사이에 음의 상관관계 (p < 0.05)를보였고, 체중과 '다양' (p < 0.05) 및 '절제' (p < 0.001) 점수 사이에 각각 음의 상관관계를 보였다. NQ 설문지 19개 문항의 응답빈도를 다섯 가지 구성요인으로 나누어 정상군과 과체중 비만군의 응답빈도를 비교해 본 결과, 3~5세는 '균형' 요인 중 과일섭취 (p < 0.05), 콩 제품 섭취 (p < 0.05) 및 야식 빈도 (p < 0.05)에서, 6~8세는 '절제' 요인 중 단 음식 섭취 (p < 0.01), 패스트푸드 섭취 (p < 0.001), 라면 섭취 (p < 0.01), 야식빈도 (p < 0.001), 길거리 음식 사먹기 (p < 0.05) 응답빈도, 그리고 '규칙' 요인 중 정해진 식사시간 (p < 0.05), TV와 컴퓨터 게임 사용시간 (p < 0.001)에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 9~11세는 '절제' 요인 중 단 음식 섭취 (p < 0.05), 패스트푸드 섭취 (p < 0.001), 야식빈도 (p < 0.01), 길거리 음식 사먹기 (p < 0.01), 그리고 '실천' 요인 중 음식 꼭꼭 씹어 먹기 (p < 0.05)에서 두 군간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과, 연령별로 NQ 구성요인 점수에 차이를 보여 나이가 어릴수록 '다양' 요인에 포함된 항목들에 대한 식행동 지도가 필요하고, 초등학교 고학년으로 갈수록 '절제' 요인 및 '규칙' 요인에 포함되는 식행동에 대한 지도와 교육이 중점적으로 시행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또 6~8세의 비만한 어린이에게서 NQ 점수와 '절제', '규칙', '실천' 점수가 낮았고, 9~11세의 경우 '절제' 점수가 낮았으며 특히 두 연령층 모두 '절제' 요인 점수는 3~5세에 비해 현저하게 낮았으므로 초등학교 어린이의 비만 예방을 위해서는 '절제' 요인에 포함된 식행동 항목에 대한 교육을 집중적으로 하는 것이 실효성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또 본 연구에서 비만에 따른 식행동의 차이는 6~8세에서 가장 크게 나타나는 등 연령에 따라 다르게 나타났으므로 각 연령에 맞는 어린이 비만예방을 위한 적절한 맞춤형 식행동 지도 및 영양교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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