Journal of Labour Economics (노동경제논집)

The Korean Labor Economic Association (한국노동경제학회)
권호 표지

Assessment of Flexibility and Security in Korean Labor Market : An International Comparison

국제비교를 통한 우리나라 노동시장의 유연성 및 안정성 평가

  • 남민호 (한국은행 전북본부 기획조사팀)
  • Received : 2018.03.20
  • Accepted : 2018.09.13
  • Published : 2018.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The foremost aim of the paper is to evaluate the flexibility and stability of the Korean labor market through a cross-country comparison with OECD countries. Evaluating by the OECD Employment Protection Legislation Index, the flexibility of permanent job layoff in Korea is close to the average of OECD countries. Employment of temporary workers appears to be relatively flexible allowing for effective indicators such as the proportion of temporary workers among paid employees. As regards security, the levels of job security, income security and combination security are all far below the OECD average. A panel data analysis of OECD countries reveals that labor productivity increases as regulations on permanent job layoff become looser and regulations on temporary employment become more rigorous.

본고의 주요 목적은 OECD 국가들과의 비교를 통해 우리나라 노동시장의 유연성 및 안정성의 수준을 평가하는 데 있다. OECD 고용보호법제 지수로 평가한 우리나라 노동시장의 유연성은 상용직 해고의 경우 여타 국가들과 대체로 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 임시직 고용은 임시직의 비중 등 실효적 지표들까지 감안할 때 비교적 유연한 것으로 나타났다. 안정성의 경우에는 직장안정성, 소득안정성 및 결합안정성의 수준 모두 OECD 평균치를 큰 폭으로 하회하였다. 추가적으로 OECD 국가들을 대상으로 패널분석을 수행한 결과, 유연성 측면에서는 상용직 해고 규제가 느슨할수록, 임시직 고용 규제는 엄격할수록 노동생산성이 향상되는 것으로 추정되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Acemoglu, Daron, and Shimer, Robert. "Productivity Gains from Unemployment Insurance." European Economic Review 44 (7) (June 2000): 1195-1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00035-0
  2. Acemoglu, Daron, and Pischke, Jörn-Steffer. "Minimum Wages and On-the-Job Training." Research in Labor Economics 22 (2003): 159-202.
  3. Addessi, William. "The Productivity Effect of Permanent and Temporary Labor Contracts in the Italian Manufacturing Sector." Economic Modelling 36 (c) (January 2014): 666 -672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.054
  4. Alonso-Borrego, Cesar. "Firm Behavior, Market Deregulation and Productivity in Spain." Banco de Espana Working Paper No. 1035 (2010).
  5. Auer, Peter, Berg, Janine, and Coulibaly, Ibrahim. "Is a Stable Workforce Good for Productivity?" International Labour Review 144 (3) (Fall 2005): 319-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2005.tb00571.x
  6. Autor, David H., Kerr, William R., and Kugler, Adriana D. "Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from US States." Economic Journal 117 (June 2007), F189-F217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02055.x
  7. Bassanini, Andrea, and Venn, Danielle. "The Impact of Labour Market Policies on Productivity in OECD Countries." International Productivity Monitor No. 17 (Fall 2008).
  8. Becker, Gary S. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
  9. Bassanini, Andrea, Nunziata, Luca, and Venn, Danielle. "Job Protection Legislation and Productivity Growth in OECD Countries." Economic Policy 24 (2) (April 2009): 349-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2009.00221.x
  10. Belot, Michele, Boone, Jan, and van Ours, Jan. "Welfare-Improving Employment Protection." Economica 74 (3) (August 2007): 381-396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2006.00576.x
  11. Bertola, Giuseppe. "Flexibility, Investment, and Growth." Journal of Monetary Economics 34 (2) (October 1994): 2015-2038.
  12. Boeri, Tito, and Jimeno, Juan F. "The Effects of Employment Protection: Learning from Variable Enforcement." European Economic Review 49 (8) (November 2005): 2057 -2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.09.013
  13. Broughton, Andrea, Biletta, Isabella and Vacas, Carlos. Flexicurity: Actions at Company Level. Luxembourg: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2012.
  14. Cappellari, Lorenzo, Dell'Aringa, Carlo, and Leonardi, Marco. "Temporary Employment, Job Flows and Productivity: A Tale of Two Reforms." Economic Journal 122 (562) (August 2012): F188-F215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02535.x
  15. Card, David, Kluve, Jochen, and Weber, Andrea. "Active Labor Market Policy Evaluations: A Meta-Analysis." Economic Journal 120 (548) (October 2010): F452-F477. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02387.x
  16. Damiani, Mirella, and Pompei, Fabrizio. "Labour Protection and Productivity in EU Economies: 1995-2005." European Journal of Comparative Economics 7 (2) (December 2010): 373-411.
  17. Dolado, Juan J., Ortigueira, Salvador, and Stucchi, Rodolfo. "Does Dual Employment Protection Affect TFP? Evidence from Spanish Manufacturing Firms." CEPR Discussion Paper No. 8763 (January 2012).
  18. Dolenc, Primoz, and Laporsek, Suzana. "Flexicurity Policies and their Association with Productivity in the European Union." Prague Economic Papers 22 (2) (2013): 224 -239. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.449
  19. Engellandt, Axel, and Riphahn, Regina T. "Temporary Contracts and Employee Effort." Labour Economics 12 (3) (June 2005): 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2003.11.006
  20. Gray, Helen. "Family-Friendly Working: What a Performance! An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Availability of Family-Friendly Policies and Establishment Performance." Center for Economic Performance Discussion Paper 529. (May 2002).
  21. Hopenhayn, Hugo, and Rogerson, Richard. "Job Turnover and Policy Evaluation: A General Equilibrium Analysis." Journal of Political Economy 101 (5) (October 1993): 915- 938. https://doi.org/10.1086/261909
  22. Kahn, Tehmina S. "Productivity Growth, Technological Convergence, R&D, Trade and Labor Markets: Evidence from the French Manufacturing Sector." IMF Working Paper No. 06/230 (October 2006).
  23. Kluve, Jochen. "The Effectiveness of European Active Labor Market Program." Labour Economics 17 (6) (December 2010): 904-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2010.02.004
  24. Leschke, Janine, Schmid, Gunther, and Griga, Dorit. "On the Marriage of Flexibility and Security: Lessons from the Hartz-reforms in Germany." WZB Discussion Paper No. SP I 2006-108 (April 2006).
  25. Lucidi, Federico. "Is There a Trade-off Between Labour Flexibility and Productivity Growth? Some Evidence from Italian Firms." AIEL Series in Labour Economics in Non-Standard Employment and Quality of Work edited by Tindara Addabbo and Giovanni Solinas, pp. 261-285. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2012.
  26. Nardone, Thomas, Veum, Jonathan, and Yates, Julie. "Measuring Job Security." Monthly Labor Review 120 (June 1997): 26-33.
  27. Nickell, Stephen, and Layard, Richard. "Labor Market Institutions and Economic Performance." in Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, pp. 3029-3084. North Holland: Elsevier, 1999.
  28. OECD. "Ch.2 More Jobs but Less Productive? The Impact of Labour Market Policies on Productivity." in OECD Employment Outlook 2007, pp. 55-103. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2007.
  29. OECD. Strengthening Social Cohesion in Korea. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2013(a).
  30. OECD. "Chapter 2. Protecting Jobs, Enhancing Flexibility: A New Look at Employment Protection Legislation." in OECD Employment Outlook 2013, pp. 65-126. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2013(b).
  31. Ortega, Bienvenido, and Marchante, Andres J. "Temporary Contracts and Labour Productivity in Spain: A Sectoral Analysis." Journal of Productivity Analysis 34 (3) (December 2010): 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-010-0185-z
  32. Poschke, Markus. "Employment Protection, Firm Selection, and Growth." Journal of Monetary Economics 56 (8) (November 2009): 1074-1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2009.10.013
  33. Saint-Paul, Gilles. "The Political Economy of Employment Protection." Journal of Political Economy 110 (3) (June 2002): 672-704. https://doi.org/10.1086/339744
  34. Samaniego, Roberto M. "Employment Protection and High-tech Aversion." Review of Economic Dynamics 9 (2) (April 2006): 224-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2005.10.002
  35. Sanchez, Rosario, and Toharia, Luis. "Temporary Workers and Productivity: The Case of Spain." Applied Economics 32 (5) (2000): 583-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/000368400322480
  36. Storm, Servaas, and Naastepad, C.W.M. "Labor Market Regulation and Productivity Growth: Evidence for Twenty OECD Countries (1984-2004)." Industrial Relations 48 (4) (October 2009): 629-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2009.00579.x
  37. Wilthagen, Tou, Tros, Frank, and van Lieshout, Harm. "Towards "Flexicurity"?: Balancing Flexibility and Security in EU Member States." prepared for the 13th World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Association (IIRA), Berlin, 2003.
  38. World Bank. Doing Business 2018. Washington DC: World Bank, 2018.