Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture (한국식생활문화학회지)

Korean Society of Food Culture (한국식생활문화학회)
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Etymology of Kimchi: Philological Approach and Historical Perspective

'김치'의 어원 연구

  • Paek, Doo-Hyeon (Department of Korean Language and Literature, Kyungpook National University)
  • 백두현 (경북대학교 국어국문학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.12
  • Accepted : 2019.04.18
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

The history of modern Korean 'kimchi' can be traced through the history of the wordforms 'dihi' (디히), 'dimchʌi' (딤?), and 'thimchʌi' (팀?) in ancient Korean texts. As native Korean words, the 'dihi' word line ('dihi', 'dii', 'jihi', and 'ji') constitutes an old substratum. This word line coexisted with the 'dimchʌi' word line (dimchʌi, jimchʌi, and kim∫chi) from the Hanja '沈菜'. 'Ji', which is the last word variation of 'dihi', and is still used today as the unique form in several Korean dialects. In standard Korean, however, it only serves as a suffix to form the derivative names of various kimchi types. 'Dimchʌi' is believed to have appeared around the $6^{th}-7^{th}$ centuries, when Silla began to master Chinese characters. Hence,'dimchʌi' reflects either the Archaic Chinese (上古音) or the Old Chinese (中古音) pronunciation of the Hanja, '沈菜'. With the palatalization of the plosive alveolar [t], 'dimchʌi' changed to 'jimchʌi'. The Yangban intellectuals' rejection of the palatalization of the plosive velar [k] led to the hypercorrection of 'jimchʌi' into 'kimchʌi'. It is precisely the hypercorrect 'kimchʌe' that gave the wordform 'kim∫chi', which has eventually become the standard and predominant form in today's Korean language. Regarding 'thimchʌe', it reflects the Middle Chinese (Yuan Dynasty) pronunciation of the Hanja '沈菜' and was used mainly in writing by Yangban intellectuals.

Keywords

SSMHB4_2019_v34n2_112_f0001.png 이미지

‘kimchi’ (김치) registered in The Colletion Valuated Korean Standard Word (1936, 5th edition 1946)

SSMHB4_2019_v34n2_112_f0002.png 이미지

‘kimchΛi’ appeared in Bodeokgongbimangrok (輔德公備忘錄)

historical change of ‘chimjang’ and ‘kimjang’

SSMHB4_2019_v34n2_112_t0002.png 이미지

historical change of ‘chimchae’, ‘kimchi’, ‘ji’

SSMHB4_2019_v34n2_112_t0003.png 이미지

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