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The Strategy of GM for the Development of Autonomous Driving Technology and Related Policies

GM의 자율주행차 관련 기술개발 전략 및 정책에 관한 연구

  • Hyun, Jae Hoon (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Faculty of Global Business and Technology)
  • 현재훈 (한국외국어대학교 Global Business & Technology 학부)
  • Received : 2019.12.03
  • Accepted : 2020.03.06
  • Published : 2020.03.31

Abstract

This study examines the strategies employed by GM, who experienced bankruptcy in 2008. Specifically, we explore the autonomous driving-related technologies and execution, which GM began developing later than other car manufacturing companies. This study found that GM implemented aggressive M&A in search of vertical industrial integration for the development and production of autonomous vehicles. GM selected candidate firms to complement its technological gaps for the development and implementation of the autonomous vehicle. Secondly, GM achieved executive capacity by attempting to build a vertical integration in the wider scope of components, solution, service, and sales. Thirdly, the consistent governmental support and policies, such as the connected car project, M-City, and NCHRP Program expedited the development process. This study provides practical and policy implications for Korean companies and policymakers related to the automotive industry.

본 논문은 2008년 금융위기의 시기에 파산을 겪고 타 완성차 업체에 비해 늦게 자율주행차 개발에 합류한 General Motors (GM)가 기술 및 실행력에 있어 앞서 나간 원인을 파악하기 위하여 기술개발 전략과 정책적 지원 요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과 다음과 같은 성공원인을 파악할 수 있었다. 첫째, GM은 상대적으로 짧은 기간 내 기술개발 성과를 달성하기 위하여 수익성이 낮은 해외사업의 축소와 더불어 자율주행차 관련부문에 집중 투자하고 공격적 M&A를 통해 상대적으로 미비한 기술을 보완할 수 있는 기업을 인수하였다. 둘째, 자율주행차 개발과 생산을 위한 기술뿐아니라, 부품, 솔루션, 서비스 및 판매에 이르기까지 수직적 계열화를 추진하여 실행력을 강화하였다. 셋째, 커넥티드카 프로젝트, M-City 및 NCHRP 프로그램과 같이 직접적 협업을 유도한 안정적인 제도와 정책적 지원이 신속한 기술개발의 배경이 되었다. 본 연구는 선진국에 비해 상대적으로 기술개발이 늦은 국내기업들의 향후 기술개발 전략 제고를 위한 실무적 시사점 및 제도 수립과 지원 측면에서의 정책적 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

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