Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Anti-platelet role of Korean ginseng and ginsenosides in cardiovascular diseases

  • Irfan, Muhammad (Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Minki (Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Rhee, Man Hee (Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2019.04.08
  • Accepted : 2019.05.14
  • Published : 2020.01.15
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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases prevail among modern societies and underdeveloped countries, and a high mortality rate has also been reported by the World Health Organization affecting millions of people worldwide. Hyperactive platelets are the major culprits in thrombotic disorders. A group of drugs is available to deal with such platelet-related disorders; however, sometimes, side effects and complications caused by these drugs outweigh their benefits. Ginseng and its nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce the impact of thrombotic conditions and improve cardiovascular health by antiplatelet mechanisms. This review provides (1) a comprehensive insight into the available pharmacological options from ginseng and ginsenosides (saponin and nonsaponin fractions) for platelet-originated cardiovascular disorders; (2) a discussion on the impact of specific functional groups on the modulation of platelet functions and how structural modifications among ginsenosides affect platelet activation, which may further provide a basis for drug design, optimization, and the development of ginsenoside scaffolds as pharmacological antiplatelet agents; (3) an insight into the synergistic effects of ginsenosides on platelet functions; and (4) a perspective on future research and the development of ginseng and ginsenosides as super nutraceuticals.

Keywords

References

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