Journal of the Korea Convergence Society (한국융합학회논문지)

Korea Convergence Society (한국융합학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Convergence Study for Development of Psychological Language Analysis Program: Comparison of Existing Programs and Trend Analysis of Related Literature

심리학적 언어분석 프로그램 개발을 위한 융합연구: 기존 프로그램의 비교와 관련 문헌의 동향 분석

  • Received : 2021.08.06
  • Accepted : 2021.11.20
  • Published : 2021.11.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

While content word-based frequency analysis has obvious limitations to intentional deception or irony, KLIWC has evolved into functional word analysis and KrKwic has evolved as a way to visualize co-occurrence frequencies. However, after more than 10 years of development, several issues still need improvement. Therefore, we tried to develop a new psychological language analysis program by analyzing KLIWC and KrKwic. First, the two programs were analyzed. In particular, the morpheme classification of KLIWC and the Korean morpheme analyzer was compared to enhance the functional word analysis function, and the psychological dictionary were analyzed to strengthen the psychological analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Hannanum part-of-speech analyzer was the most subdivided, but KLIWC for personal pronouns and KKMA for endings and endings were more subdivided, suggesting the integrated use of multiple part-of-speech analyzers to strengthen functional word analysis. Second, the research trends of studies that analyzed texts with these programs were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the two programs were used in various academic fields, including the field of Interdisciplinary Studies. In particular, KrKwic was used a lot for the analysis of papers and reports, and KLIWC was used a lot for the comparative study of the writer's thoughts, emotions, and personality. Based on these results, the necessity and direction of development of a new psychological language analysis program were suggested.

내용어 기반 빈도 분석은 의도적 기만이나 반어적 표현에 분명한 한계가 있지만, 많이 사용되는 한국어 분석 프로그램인 KLIWC는 기능어 분석을, KrKwic는 동시출현빈도를 시각화하는 방법으로 발전했다. 하지만 개발된 지 십수 년이 지나 여러 문제점으로 개선이 필요한 상황이다. 그래서 KLIWC와 KrKwic를 분석하여 새 심리학적 언어분석 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 첫째로 두 프로그램의 특징을 분석하였다. 특히, 기능어 분석기능 제고를 위해서 KLIWC와 한국어 형태소 분석기의 형태소 분류를 비교하였고, 심리적 분석의 강화를 위해 심리사전의 구조와 체계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 한나눔 품사 분석기가 가장 세분화되었지만, 인칭대명사에서는 KLIWC가, 어미와 어말어미에서는 KKMA의 품사 분류가 더 세분화되어 있어, 기능어 분석 강화를 위해 여러 품사 분석기의 통합적 사용을 제안하였다. 둘째로 이 프로그램들로 텍스트를 분석한 연구들의 연구동향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 두 프로그램이 복합학 분야 등 다양한 학술분야에서 사용되고 있었다. 특히 논문과 보고서의 분석에는 KrKwic가 많이 사용되었고, 글쓴이의 생각, 정서, 성격 비교 연구에는 KLIWC가 많이 사용되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 심리학적 언어분석 프로그램의 필요성과 개발 방향에 대해 제언하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea (NRF-2020S1A3A2A02103899).

References

  1. J. M. Lee. (1998). Problems II of Cognitive Psychology: Language and Cognition, Seoul: Hakjisa.
  2. N. Chomsky. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  3. R. Jackendoff. (2002). Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002
  4. C. Beckner & J. Bybee. (2009). A Usage-Based Account of Constituency and Reanalysis. Language Learning, 9, 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00534.x
  5. M. Barlow & S. Kemmer. (2000). Usage-based models of language, Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
  6. M. Carreiras, B. C. Armstrong, M. Perea, & R. Frost. (2014). The what, when, where, and how of visual word recognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 18(2), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.005
  7. W. D. Marslen-Wilson & A. Welsh. (1978). Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech. Cognitive psychology, 10(1), 29-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(78)90018-x
  8. J. Bybee. (2006). From usage to grammar: The mind's response to repetition. Language, 82(4), 711-733. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0186
  9. E. Mergenthaler. (1996). Emotion-abstraction patterns in verbatim protocols: A new way of describing psychotherapeutic processes. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(6), 1306-1315. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1306
  10. P. J. Stone, D. C. Dunphy, & M. S. Smith. (1966). The General Inquirer: A Computer Approach to Content Analysis, Cambridge: MIT Press.
  11. J. W. Pennebaker, M. E. Francis, & R. J. Booth. (2001). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2001, Mahway: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  12. J. W. Pennebaker & L. A. King. (1999). Linguistic styles: language use as an individual difference. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(6), 1296-1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1296
  13. J. W. Pennebaker, M. R. Mehl, & K. G. Niederhoffer. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 547-577. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041
  14. C. H. Lee, J. -M. Sim, A. Yoon. (2005). The Review about the Development of Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. The Korean Society for Cognitive Science, 16(2), 93-121.
  15. R. B. Slatcher, C. K. Chung, J. W. Pennebaker, & L. D. Stone. (2007). Winning words: Individual differences in linguistic style among US presidential and vice presidential candidates. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.01.006
  16. M. L. Newman, J. W. Pennebaker, D. S. Berry, & J. M. Richards. (2003). Lying words: Predicting deception from linguistic styles. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 29(5), 665-675. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029005010
  17. Y. R. Tausczik & J. W. Pennebaker. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of language and social psychology, 29(1), 24-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676
  18. Y. Kim & K. Kim. (2019). Language style of the President of the Republic of Korea: linguistic and psychological properties in Presidents' Address. The Korean Society for Cognitive Science, 30(3), 105-132. https://doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2019.30.3.001
  19. K. Kim, J. Bae, & C. H. Lee. (2009). Gender Differences in Language Use: An Analysis by KLIWC. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 11(3), 1307-1318.
  20. M. L. Newman, C. J. Groom, L. D. Handelman, & J .W. Pennebaker. (2008). Gender differences in language use: An analysis of 14,000 text samples. Discourse Processes, 45(3), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638530802073712
  21. Y.-I. Kim, Y. Kim, & K. Kim. (2016). Detecting a deceptive attitude in non-pressure situations using K-LIWC. The Korean Society for Cognitive Science, 27(2), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2016.27.2.003
  22. Y.-I. Kim, Y. Kim, Y. Kim, & K. Kim. (2019). The Characteristics of Malicious Comments: Comparisons of the Internet News Comments in Korean and English. Journal of The Korea Contents Association, 19(1), 548-558. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.01.548
  23. Y. Kim, Y.-I. Kim, & K. Kim. (2013). Differences of Linguistic and Psychological Dimensions between Internet Malicious and Normal Comments. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 15(6), 3191-3201.
  24. H. W. Park & L. Leydesdorff. (2004). Understanding the KrKwic: A computer program for the analysis of Korean text. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 6(5), 1377-1387.
  25. M.-J. Kim & H.-C. Kwon. (1992). An Automatic Indexing Method Using the Characteristics of Korean. Proceedings of Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers, (pp. 1005-1008). Seoul: Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers.
  26. Y. J. Chung, J. H. Park, A. S. Yoon, & H. C. Kwon. (2000). An Improved Korean Morphological Analyzer. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, July 24-26, 2000, (pp. 466-471). Banff, Alberta, Canada: IASTED/ACTA Press 2000.
  27. Y. J. Hwang & J. Choi. (2016). A closer look at the 21st century Sejong Corpus. Saegugeosaenghwal, 26(2), 73-86.
  28. M. Han, S. Park, H. Lee, J. Yeon, & S. Lee. (2015). Natural language processing on Korean language : A survey. Proceedings of Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers, (pp. 681-683). Seoul: Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers.
  29. S.-H. Na, C.-H. Kim, & Y.-K. Kim. (2014). Lattice-based Discriminative Approach for Korean Morphological Analysis. Journal of KISS : Software and Applications, 41(7), 523-532.
  30. J.-C. Shin & C.-Y. Ock. (2012). A Stage Transition Model for Korean Part-of-Speech and Homograph Tagging. Journal of KISS : Software and Applications, 39(11), 889-901.
  31. K. Shim. (2013). Morpheme Restoration for Syllable-based Korean POS Tagging. Journal of KISS : Software and Applications, 40(3), 182-189.
  32. K. Shim. (2014). Syllable-based Probabilistic Models for Korean Morphological Analysis. Journal of KIISE, 41(9), 642-651. https://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2014.41.9.642
  33. E. Park & S. Cho. (2014). KoNLPy: Korean natural language processing in Python. Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology, (pp. 133-136). Seoul: Human and Language Technology.
  34. S. Rude, E. M. Gortner, & J. W. Pennebaker. (2004). Language use of depressed and depression-vulnerable college students. Cognition and Emotion, 18(8), 1121-1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000030
  35. J. W. Pennebaker & M. E. Francis. (1996). Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure. Cognition and Emotion, 10(6), 601-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999396380079
  36. J. A. Updegraff, S. L. Gable, & S. E. Taylor. (2004). What Makes Experiences Satisfying? The Interaction of Approach-Avoidance Motivations and Emotions in Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(3), 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.3.496
  37. E. T. Higgins. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
  38. Y. Hong, Y. Nam, & Y. Lee. (2016). Developing Korean Affect Word List and Its Application. Korean Journal of Cognitive Science, 27(3), 377-406. https://doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2016.27.3.002
  39. K. K. Harnishfeger, The development of cognitive inhibition: Theories, definitions, and research evidence, Interference and inhibition in cognition, (pp.175-204). Academic Press. 1995.
  40. C. M. MacLeod. (2007). The concept of inhibition in cognition. In D. S. Gorfein & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Inhibition in cognition, (p.3-23). American Psychological Association.
  41. S. J. Jeong. (2012). A Cognitive Analysis of the Meaning Extension of Sensual Nouns in Korean. Hanminjok Emunhak, 60, 271-290.
  42. I. Kim. (1987). Research for Color Terms of Current Korean Language. Master dissertation. The Graudate School of Ewha Womans University. Seoul.
  43. H. J. Song. (2003). A Study on the Meaning Extension of Color Adjectives in Korean. The Journal of Linguistics Science, 24, 131-148.
  44. E. Lee. (2019). A Study on the Presentation Status and Improvement Plan of Taste Expression Vocabulary in Korean Textbooks. Studies of Korean & Chinese Humanities, 64, 111-133. https://doi.org/10.26528/kochih.2019.64.111
  45. S. J. Jeong. (2003). A Cognitive Interpretation of the Meaning of the Korean Sweet Taste Expressions. The Journal of Linguistics Science, 24, 303-320.
  46. S. J. Jeong. (2005). The Aspects of the Meaning Extension of the Taste-terms. Korean Semantics 18, 149-174.
  47. Y. Nho. (2010). Verbes olfactifs du francais : du phenomene physiologique au phenomene linguistique. Etudes de la Culture Francaise et de Arts en France, 34, 27-59. https://doi.org/10.21651/cfaf.2010.34..27
  48. C. Kim. (2002). A Study on the Meaning of Words Related to Temperature. The Korean Language and Literature, 78, 21-45.
  49. S. Cheon. (1980). Correlation system of temperature vocabulary. The Journal of Korean Language and Literature Education, 12, 1-14.
  50. J. -H. Kim. (2001). A Cognitive Linguistic Approach on Synaesthetic Expressions in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 8(2), 23-46.
  51. I. -S. Chung. (1997). Synaesthetic Transfer of Korean Adjectives. Studies in Modern Grammar, 11, 163-180.
  52. M. H. Kim. (2005). The Development of Korean Interrogatives as Discourse Markers. Discourse and Cognition 12(2), 41-63.
  53. K. H. Suh. (2002). An Interactional Account of the Korean Demonstrative ku in Conversation. Language and Linguistics, 29, 137-158.
  54. H. Lee. (1999). The Pragmatics of the Discourse Particle mwe in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 6(1), 137-157.
  55. H. Lee. (1997). The pragmatics of the discourse particle woay in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 4(1), 1-20.
  56. H. Lee. (1996). The pragmatics of the discourse particle kuray in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 3, 1-26.
  57. C. Yoon & T. Kim. (2015). A Study on the Discourse Markers Used in the Listening Texts of TOPIK. The Journal of Linguistics Science 75, 231-250.
  58. S. Park, K. Do, H. Kim, G. Park, J. Yun, & K. Kim. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Happiness and Unhappiness Among Koreans based on Text Mining Techniques. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 18(7), 10-27 https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.07.010
  59. H. Kim, Y. Jang, H. Park, & S. Ryu. (2011). A Study on Tourists' Urban City Image : Focused on ChunCheon Case. Review of Culture and Economy, 14(1), 95-122.
  60. C. T. Lim & K. Lee. (2020). Semantic Network Analysis on the Research Tendence of ""Die Verwandlung"" by Franz Kafka in Korea II. Cultural Exchange and Multicultural Education, 9(4), 375-392.
  61. Y. Choi. (2015). A Study on the Research Trends of Archival Studies in Korea: : Focused on Research Papers between 2004 and 2013. The Korean Journal of Archival Studies, 43, 147-177.
  62. M. J. Cheong, J. Kim, & S. I. Kim. (2018). A Study on the Emotional Search and Psychological Schema of Teenagers Enjoying the Songs of BTS and the U.N. Speech Text - Recovery of Self-Esteem -. Culture and Convergence, 40(8), 555-578.
  63. M. Chang, Y. Heo, & H. -S. Lim. (2019). 'Moving to Jeju': An Exploratory Keyword Analysis Using Social Big Data. Journal of Tourism & Industry Research, 39(1), 15-26.
  64. M. Kim, S. Ahn, J. Lee, D. Ahn. & Y. Lee. (2006). Characteristics of Medical Students' Learning Styles and Their Relationships to GPA, Korean Jouranl of Medical Education, 18(2), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2006.18.2.133
  65. H. K. Shin. (2000). The Effect of Negative Affectivity, Alexithymia, Somato-sensory Amplification, and Somatic Attribution on Somatization: Test of a Linear Mediation Model. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 17-32.