This study has the purpose to reveal the differences of residents' level of satisfaction & demand of neighborhood environment and recognized residents' importance level & improvement priority of neighborhood environment at new 3 residential areas in the middle-sized city. The 3 residential areas had differentiated development concepts; (1) residential area in the downtown (2) government-residence compound area in the downtown and (3) industry-residence compound area in the outskirts. Followings are the results of the study. 1) It is different that importance level which have effect on satisfaction of neighborhood environment according to the 3 residential areas. 2) In terms of improvement priority residents present higher preference on location. In terms of improvement priority is different according to the 3 residential areas.

This study is done in order to find the solutions that we are facing on social and ecological crisis around the world. The basic survey was done on college students who will mostly become city residents in the future. Students collect information about the amount of the waste and the way of disposition for a week. The analysis how they produce and dispose waste will show what influence their behavioral decisions. The findings are first, students are very conscious of the importance of environmental conservation. But they value little and they don't have proper knowledge. Second, sex was the decisive factor, women tend to behave eco-friendly. But the more they are conscious about environment, the less they behave eco-friendly. The more they spend allowances, the less they are conscious of environment. Third, they recycle waste at home during the weekend, but not during weekdays at school because there is no recycling bin or they are not economically responsible.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the non-sedentary in contemporary multi-housing planning through the understanding and interpretation of the modern nomadic life. A document research method was used to analyze and classified the spatial characteristics and development of the non-sedentary dwelling spaces since 20th century. Finally, today the applicable cases of non-sedentary space are as follows; the sharing housing, the adapting housing, and temporary housing for the multi-purpose spaces, huge spaces and the industrialization housing. First of all, in order to conform the concept of nomadism, the theory and characteristics were divided into three aspects; The concept of thought of lines, events and Rhisome, and the spatial characteristics of fluidity, multiplicity and the non-hierarchy, that is mainly based on the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. This study attempted to analyze how the concept of non-sedentary dwelling space has been developed in what form and method they have been applied and interpreted in the historical background. It attempted to resolve the concept of movement and mobility through the experiment so that they might apply to the space of contemporary city.

The block housing type is coming to fore as a 'low-rise high-density housing type', which can resolve the all sorts of problem caused in Korea apartment housing complex and single-detached residental area in terms of livability, urbanity, and community. To analyze the characteristics of the block housing, the block housing in Eunpyeong New Town, in Korea was analyzed as a sample for post occupancy evaluation. The analysis show that the block housing is useful low-rise and high-density housing type, which ensures the livability as well as the urbanity and community. In details the analysis also shows the user satisfaction from the perspective of living and facility use within the block housing and individual unit.

Since modern times, lack of housing had become more serious in the cities when going through urbanization process. As a countermeasure against the situation, multi-family houses raised its head at the end of 1980s. Regarding multi-family houses, which is mainly targeting low-income group, however, only quantitative supply has been focused with no enough research about space planning. For now that the supply of housing in the cities reached certain level, there is a need of planning multi-family house considering the demands of residents. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the demands of owners and tenants of multi-family house in an improvement district of housing environment for housing improvement, and to extract house planning components. As a research methodology, small-group workshop panel using drawings and mock-up has been practiced to reach residents' concertized opinion. After dividing the residents group into 2 groups which include owners group(3 participants) and tenants group(3 participants), 3 times of workshops covering 2 days are conducted for each group. Actual-condition investigation of the participants' houses was ran side by side with workshop. As a result, difference in their point of view about the reasons and the direction of housing improvement was identified, on the other hand that there is similarity in their demands such as guaranteeing independency and privacy among households.

This study aims to analyze characteristics of residents' housing life-style targeting Gatdui area and Daean area where the housing environment improvement project is carried out in the form of rehabilitation housing renewal program of old residence of the downtown area in Kyungju. This is in order to examine realistic problems of the method of residential improvement project, where residents' voluntary participation and preferences are low for low-income residents by seeking the methods of rehabilitation which correspond with the fundamental objective of the housing environment improvement project for low-income residents in urban areas. Based on the survey, we analyzed residents' satisfaction level with the current way of living and preferred ways of living and the planar pattern of houses in surveyed areas, and examined the housing environment improvement methods for residents living in the urban slam areas and perception of subjects. Survey analysis used statistics program SPSS14.0. As a result, of it, it was found that residents in surveyed areas were relatively satisfied with the current way of living but in the preferred housing life-style, they were demanding some change. This paper is significant in that it aims at change in paradigm of improvement of residential areas through renewal of urban deteriorated residence that characteristics of changing living space are compromised depending on living habitude left, and changing life style, and it proposes the directions of the housing environment improvement plan in the future.

The purpose of this study is to research the proportion of plans and elevations in traditional architecture for period of Joseon. The collected data of traditional buildings are analyzed for the basic design methods; horizontal factors and vertical factors for floor plans and front elevations. The results of the analysis on this study are as follows. Proportion data of floor plans in traditional architecture is from 1 : 3.8 to 1 : 1.21. Proportion data of front elevations in traditional architecture is from 1 : 8.1 to 1 : 1.03. Average proportion of floor plans in traditional architecture is 1.87. Average proportion of front elevations in traditional architecture is 2.59.

In the coming 21st centuries, words of development of information communication technology among the key words being emerged as an important concern has been talked about frequently and ubiquitous environment that helps human living being networked with humans, objects and environments has been rapidly progressed, influencing significantly over the various fields as well as architectural area. And eventually in this architectural area, the space that is desired to be shown to and experienced by the people could be found in the creation of a space in a new form that has not been existed in this world by utilizing the information communication technology. The purpose of this study is to develop one-step advanced space from the existing space and to form a new paradigm of the future space by utilizing convergence technology and the psychology-based design principle of behavioral inducement called affordance.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the trends of the community facilities patterns in the designated apartments through the method of analyzing a case of a community housing yet to be open to its tenants. The thesis is based on document research and analysis of apartments categorized into five different groupings all in a status of being a prospective dwelling. The conclusion of the case study results as follows. Firstly, the distribution of a plan is either centrifugal or widespread. Secondly, the elevation plan contains its facilities in the basements or low-rise floors. Thirdly, sports facilities such as an indoor driving range, a fitness club and a GX-room and a open square on the outer space were unifiably common to all five groupings. In conclusion, in light of the facility patterns shown in the five extracted groupings of apartments, it seems that it will be difficult for all residents to benefit from the public facilities because the facilities are perceived as being limited to only a specific tower which hampers the improvement of the quality of life of the rest of the tenants and dampens an active social gatherings. Therefore, the public facilities must be planned and constructed to meet the satisfaction of the residents in whole, in place of being a commercially lucrative space.

The purpose of this study is to offer and analysis the stage of elderly in order to improve the quality of living environment of elderly in Korea. The results are as follows: Stage 1 of the early elderly appear to live with the elderly and their children, but stage2 and stage3 show the increase of the elderly couple. In case of elderly household, It showed reasons of living together, relationship between the elderly and their children for taking care of grandchildren and being dependent children. Also, residents currently had lived for a long time, especially get older, and ageing in a place has definitely. The Stage of elderly can be applied to understand the living environment for elderly in the future when housing for elderly solve a problem.

By statistics in August, 2007, currently Korean motors registration number broke through 16 million units. The demand of motors is being increased as time goes on and the demand of parking lot within apartment complex is increased together. Therefore, it is inevitable to expand underground parking lots. Underground parking lots have relatively weaker environment than the ground and physical/psychological problems as distance far away from the main building, fear for vehicle damage and crimes, impure air, darkness and closed feeling take place. Underground parking lots also occupy a lot of area ratio within apartment complex and have a lot of effects on other facilities. Therefore, underground parking lots are neglected for all that underground parking lots have deep relations with satisfaction for public space within apartment complex. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to make reference materials when underground parking lots are planned by grasping satisfaction of underground parking lots through inhabitants'mental survey and surveying preferential location and requirements of parking lots.

The objective of this study is to define the plans of eco-friendly housing and the meaning of architectural imagination, and to classify diverse sources of the origins of architect's imagination to propose a desirable green housing plan. Generally, imagination which means the process of forming in the mind based on one's previous experience had been perceived negatively for a long time, however, today this perception has changed as new valuation that imagination is the only the motive of human being's behavior patterns comes out. Meanwhile, green design means planning the healthy life in the future by finding the way that people and environment can live together. In order to realize green design in our lives, some plans which concern environment, style, and alternative technology of housing. Especially, in interior design, not only by technology skills but also by green visual environment, eco-friendly houses exist. Therefore, this study examines several elements which gives green atmosphere into the house, and understands how architectural imagination comes out in eco-friendly housing design through verify some examples.

As the problem of destroying natural environment is emerging as a common social issue world widely, recently in the filed of architecture there has been increasing interests in environment-friendly architecture according to the awakening and understanding of environmental pollution. The social problem caused by pursuing affluent urban life is now making the quality of life an issue against the urban policy that has been simply emphasizing quantitative expansion only. Accordingly, development and popularization of such a type as environment-friendly low-rise house is being suggested as an alternative idea, because it can combine secured independent space, which is a merit of independent houses, and characteristic architectural shapes, making possible the development of large scale environment-friendly complexes. Based on the analysis of the examples of Environment-friendly low-rise house in other countries that are utilizing amenity concepts, such as environment, ecology, culture and history, the present research proposed an alternative idea for highly dense high-rise houses, by resolving the problems of low-rise house complex caused by the variable of ecological environment. An effort was made to understand the concept of low-rise house through theoretical investigation, and based on the analysis of domestic and foreign cases, a method for improving the problems was deduced as a conclusion.

country for green growth under minimizing boils to do change in climate under confronting boil the use of petrifaction resources energy and in change. Reduces the greenhouse gas and a environmental contamination, continuity for the growth which is possible demobilizes the greens and ecosystem, with alternative the roof which is an idle space from the construction water and the greens and uses creates in compliance with the effect which is various an energy economy and applies. Roof telerecording the synergy effect which follows with the effect which is various is not the energy saving which leads one effect which is simple in harmony and this lives together the environment which leads and possibility means that becomes the environmental element which hits.

The purpose of this study is to collect baseline data about the demands for housing regeneration of the permanent rental apartment dwellers. Self-administered questionaires and interviews were provided to 144 dwellers in Incheon Man-soo 7 complex from 2008 December 29th to 31st. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: frequency, t-test, and $X^2$-test. The main findings are as follows : 1. House repairing and papering is most common used service by respondents. They also have much need for economic support. 2. Residents were satisfied with general environment of house. This survey showes that the highest satisfaction was about using food waste disposal sites. and the lowest satisfaction was about soundproof facilities on the other hand, among the questions. 3. Dwellers wanted to remodeling such as bathroom, restroom, a flower garden, space of landscape architecture. More than half dwellers preferred to leave among themselves living at permanent rental apartment as it is. 4. There is important difference in the demands of housing regeneration as the family trait. and variables of those were nuclear family or elderly/handicapped-family.

The pedestrian space of the street is one of the most important public places in the city. Sidewalks are the paths that everyone travels, and the spaces in which everyone comes together. By Whatever means they travel, everyone is ultimately a pedestrian during their journey through the residential area. Every year, more than six thousand Koreans are victimized by traffic accidents, and a half of them are pedestrians. This study aims at improving the pedestrian environment in residential area, and thus making road a walkable, pedestrian-friendly space. The study reviews the problems in the pedestrian environment of residential area and proposes improvement strategies.

For the past few decades, residential improvement projects have been mainly carried out after demolition of the original dwelling place. So far, interests and opinions of the existing residents have largely been ignored during the projects. However, citizen participation in local redevelopment has recently been regarded as essential part as progress in democracy and diversified public interests have offered more importance to citizen participation in the implementation of public policies. While the importance of resident participation has been increasingly emphasized in principle, there still has been more to do in its application in reality. We should develop the experience of collecting community opinion to make them reflected in public policy, if we are to achieve the resident and citizen-centered society. The purpose of this study is to develop an image map tool that can be applied to "Maul-Mandulgi" projects as a visualized method to facilitate the exchange of opinions and work toward agreements. The tool is supposed to assist the public discussion by visualizing the policies and reducing the possibility of misunderstanding, so that residents can properly respond to them. In addition, this study will verify the effectiveness of the tool in the application to local community workshops.

Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) is currently being applied to new towns. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This means, the introduction of CPTED is an indispensable fact, but there are limits to the budget aids and actual application, for there is no legal base to support it. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases. In this Study, the supporting system of foreign CPTED related laws and regulations was analyzed around the cases of England and U.S.A, and based on that information, the present condition and limits of CPTED related laws and regulations of Korea were deducted. As a result of this study, there were no constraint provisions to apply the design guidelines to actual planning, and there were limits on backup aid and actual application due to the lacking of analyzing the relevant area. Also, an acceptable framework must be arranged by the revision of laws and ordinances to compel the system, and link it with the CPTED certification system which will revitalize the whole system.

Resident and user participation has been emerging as a hot topic and has been predicted to be popular and general in urban planning and regeneration, specially in housing regeneration in future. Also the number of the resident who are willing to participate in planning and regeneration process is expected to increase drastically as democratic and diverse society get matured. To enable a wide range of residents in planning process within a very limited time, effective and efficient communication tools need to be prepared. The purpose of study is to develop a set of tools for facilitating residents to participate actively in the process of exploring, consulting and decision making process in the street and regeneration. A realistic and feasible testbed site was decided. Developed tools were first, educational contents to empower resident capability to select a better design, second, three dimensional scaled model of existing site, third, floorplan and elevation of design alternative, forth, computer simulation images of both 3D & sketch-up for comparing wall heights and their effect. fifth, Two workshops among professionals and one workshop with residents were carried. Through the workshop, guidelines of developing communication tool for facilitating resident participation was developed. Its usage was summarized in both in further analog and digital tool.

The purpose of this study is examine the characteristics of public open space in the office buildings located in urban commercial strip, in terms of its relationships to street, to building, and to order surrounding facilities. Theoretical basis of this research is that public outdoor spaces are to be the intermediate territory set between streets and a buildings. 5 commercial buildings in Seoul are selected as sample cases and they were closely analyzed in a comparative manner. Based on this comparison, several planning guidelines are suggested for the activation of the space, mainly in terms of the location of public open space in relation to street, the design techniques and devises reflecting the purpose of the space, and territorial arrangement and furniture layout, and the patterns of relationship to surrounding space and facilities.

According to an increasing demand of political support and development on renewable energy as a solution for the energy problem in Korea, the government has established a goal to raise renewable energy supply from 2.27% to 5% until 2011. Especially in the case of public building in which energy use is in great demand, it would bring a great advantage to develop and utilize the Photovoltaic System as an electric energy and Geothermal Heat Pump System as a thermal energy. On the occasion of Photovoltaic System, Photovoltaic module can be used as an architectural material so that it can reduce construction cost and when we use solar energy, it is possible to make building's own power supply. As for Geothermal Heat Pump System, It can be used infinitely as long as the solar energy exist and operation cost is cheap and yearly efficiency is stable. However, we need to make a plan to reduce early investment expanses for these two renewable energy systems and to expand a diffusion rate as we develop a competitive domestic technology level. So in this study, we are going to perform evaluation of economical efficiency according to the introduction of Photovoltaic System and Geothermal Heat Pump System in public buildings which will be built up inside of Daegu Sin-seo innovation city. As a first step, we will investigate present installation condition of these two renewable energy systems and based upon that, will seek efficient introduction program of renewal energy systems that can be applied in public buildings.

Recently, the consuming efficiency of energy and natural resources has been a hot issue because of the continuous increasing of energy consumption and soaring of international oil prices. We tried to seek an action plan for the government's new paradigm 'Low-Carbon, Green Growth' by consuming energy efficiently and improving in energy management based on ubiquitous IT technologies. In this study, the library survey method is adopted for this study and IP-USN(internet protocol based ubiquitous sensor network) is considered as a core technology among various ubiquitous IT technologies. The purpose of this study is to deliver a method of energy management through integrating the context information gathered from sensors with digital space models and visualizing them together. The details are to survey the technologies of digital space modeling, USN based monitoring, building energy management and to integrate these technologies all together. This study will contribute to the enhancement of efficient building energy management by grasping the accurate situation of energy consuming in the building in realtime and minimizing unnecessary energy wastes.

Nowadays, global warming and high oil prices were a threat to the survival of the whole human race. One of a solution to respond to these problems is to reduce energy consumption of building. By adopting energy-saving design, the dissemination of low energy building is required. Therefore, to improve energy efficiency while reducing the usage of the design method is necessary to study actively. BIM-based systems applied to buildings, scheduled to be built by reducing the amount of energy reduction technologies can be analyzed. Depending on various design and equipment to set energy savings goals, you can select an alternative. If it is possible to predict the energy efficiency from the initial stage of design and support designing low energy building, we would be able to expect improvement in the economics of housing due to the reduction of energy consumption.

This study focuses on building an effective environmental control system for the ubiquitous housing environment. In order to build an effective environmental control system that will provide a comfortable, pleasant, and convenient environment for residents, information on how people cognize the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, information on human beings, and information of the space should be studied. Also more studies need to be done in which method would be the best way to integrate these informations that would affect the users in the most positive way. The current environmental control system only carries the information on providing separate information of environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, heat, and sound. However, it is difficult to understand the energy efficiency of an architectural element through this system. Therefore, this study proposes an energy monitoring system utilizing spatial information.

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the indoor temperature has influence on occupants' attention abilities as a basis of productivity. To achieve the purpose, the experiment in chamber was conducted. In the experiment, temperature was controlled according to two levels ($20^{\circ}C$ or $23^{\circ}C$) and other of factors were controlled uniformly. Subjects were exposed to those two different thermal environments. Each participant was asked to mark their answers on the state of attention measurement sheets (FAIR and Trail making test), in two conditions. Total 60 times of experiments were conducted. The main results are as follows. First, subjects showed the better attention abilities in relation to Q score at $20^{\circ}C$. But on the other hand attention abilities in relation to C score were better at $23^{\circ}C$. Second, subjects showed the better attention abilities in relation to concentrate on one task at $20^{\circ}C$.

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of impact factors, which are temperature and relative humidity on formaldehyde emission from MDF(Medium Density Fiberboard). The test was carried out at 4 specimens that were different of temperature and humidity by using small chamber system. Formaldehyde was sampled and analyzed by HPLC. The results of this study were as follows; 1) When the temperature increased from 25 to $35^{\circ}C$ at 50%, the emission rate of formaldehyde increased 1.0-1.6 times. 2) When the RH increased from 50% to 80% at $25^{\circ}C$, the emission rate of formaldehyde decreased 0.6 times. 3) The enhancement effect of temperature on Formaldehyde under RH of 50% was more significant than under RH of 80%.

Bidding systems in the domestic public construction work have been amended many times since the lowest-bidding system was implemented in 1951. However, this hasn't had much success. Competition in technical development among companies has declined as the contracts for buildings are given to company which submits the lowest price without considering traits of projects. In addition, as the construction market turns to the limitless competition system due to FTA(Free Trade Agreement), advanced techniques are needed to promote the national competitive power. Considering the needs of the times, Korean government announced that "Best Value Contract (Design-Bid-Build)" and "Bridging Contracts (Design-Build)" are included to 4 existing bidding systems in October 2007. Thus this study aims to suggest devised the evaluation criteria including major items for evaluating bidders, in order to establish and revitalize the best-value bid system successfully.

With the increase in individual income and leisure time, those urban residents who want to stay in farmland on weekend are being increased. On the contrary, rural economic situation is getting worse due to the lack of labor and income. For this, as a win-win strategy between urban and rural life, a Kleingarten(below 'KG') has been attracted by local government such as Kyunggi prefecture in Korea. This article exam the situation of KG, a weekend farm where one can stay the night in a log cabin, from the perspective of Multi-habitation. For this purpose, this study surveyed four KG areas; two cases at Yangpyung and Yeonchoen in Korea, the rest are at Kasama and Yachiyo in Japan. The findings are as following. First, a standard regulation for the application and management of users in KG should be established as soon as possible. Second, the exchange between users in KG and local residents around KG should be activated in terms of well organized exchange program. Third, a sufficient budget by public sectors or an economic scheme where private sectors can participate in this program should be arranged. Lastly, a use of post occupancy should be well managed by user themselves in KG and well monitored by supervisor of KG simultaneously.

The apartment housing in Korea has been rapidly constructed by adapting the most suitable construction methods as like wall structure, wet and united construction. But most of short-lived equipments usually filled in the structure which has longer life, and it causes not only to make difficult coping with the deterioration of equipments but also to let buildings remained deteriorate themselves. The buildings can be remodelled to slow down the terms of deterioration or reconstructed to give a new life of themselves, although the disposal of wastes or the lack of natural resources still be problems and unsolved that can occurred in pulling down and reconstructing the buildings. Furthermore, it is the time to need keeping with worldwide trends and movements as like sustainability or 'green growth' movements based on low carbon emissions. The researches for Long-Life Housing apartments which has durability and variation have been advanced up to now. Long-Life Housing apartments can separate their structures from equipments and interior or exterior materials of buildings. Therefore equipments or materials of buildings can be easily repaired and replaced with new ones, even if they are deteriorated themselves. Also, the construction process of Long-Life Housing apartments can be independent from the matter of proprietary rights, terms of durability, decision rights and so on. 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and the 'Regulation of Management of Collective Building' established by each local governments are already legislated for declaring the rights of using and ownership, responsibilities of each parts of apartment buildings. These laws and regulations classify the ownership of each parts of apartment buildings, and divide the ownership with public possession and exclusive possession. Therefore, this study will conduct comparative analysis between 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and 'the Regulation of Management of Collective Building' and find problems which can be occurred in future construction of Long-Life Housing apartments. It will be helpful to revise laws and regulations.

Housing Performance Grade Indication System is one of the advanced system which operate globally in three countries. Housing Performance Grade Indication System of the Japan and Korea has points of similarity and distinction according to special situations of own condition and government. The purpose of a study is how characteristics have points of view about background, composition and an outline of the system, indication standard and method, the situation of issue, making progress direction and what is the clear differences. Also, it is to obtain hints for making progress direction of domestic Housing Performance Grade Indication System. The method of study is in parallel with literature survey, also collection through visiting to researcher, operation company, evaluation institution, housing company of the Japan. and to use data as a result of international workshop on November 2008. Because domestic research team is studying about making system and evaluation, revision, this study will make use this data.

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

Since 1990s, we have achieved a certain level of success in standardization of design, construction, and material on housing and public buildings with the national-level promotion. A practical connecting device that can synthesize all the serial processes is required to maximize the effect of construction material standardization. However, desired outcome of the standardization is not achieved yet because these serial standards and notification practices are decided by each part of the process and some are congested. In this study, we aim to improve a general organizational system of Korean Industrial Standard (KS) which is the most fundamental tool for the standardization of construction materials moving from a conventional idea that the standard is only for the material and components producers to a concept that can also be shared by the designers and construction workers. To achieve this, we propose an improvement plan for the Korean Industrial Standard in the perspective of three-tier classification system.

Housing distribution rate in our country has been continuously increased with economic growth, but residential plans satisfying the demands of residents are still not perfect yet. The demands of residents can be predicted by analyzing the housing viewpoint of residents. And also, the housing viewpoint can change according to various environmental changes, so it's important for us to understand the trend of change. Therefore, the housing viewpoints of university students who will be subjective residents of houses in future were analyzed by observing change due to trend of time. Target for this study is female university students in 20s. A portion of previously presented material (Korean Home Economics Association 37,1, 67-78) was used as data for 1998 and a questionnaire with 171 female university students was conducted on December 2008 for data for 2008. The following result was drawn from examination of change in the housing viewpoint due to trend of time by comparing the housing viewpoint of university students between 1998 and 2008. First, importance of was decreased and importance of was increased in functions of residence. Second, Most students thought and regardless of the time passage as their opinions on housing. And also, most students considered a living room as the most important space inside of a house regardless of the time passage and the ratio of considering a living room as the most important space was more increased.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the facade design of the modern multistory-housing in europe and to try to find the significant factor of them. For analysing, the facade design factors are divided by three criterion, which consists of external expression, visual expression and Housing Shape. And those three criterion are schematized by subdivision. By integrating those data, this study aims at deriving the significant factor of facade designs and categorizing them. Conclusively, I suggest the alternative method to improve the facade design of multistory-housing in Korea based on results of this study.

Along with emergence of recent issues such as 'minimization of energy consumption' and 'natural environment and human health' amid the flow of requirements for nature-friendly architecture, attempts for boundary, which has a variety of possibilities as the intermediate territory between interior and exterior space of the architecture, have been pursued actively. On the ground of close relationships between urban area and architecture in a modern society, the boundary between interior and exterior is being exhibited in a wide variety of way of expressions, not as a single plane any longer. In line with this, researcher analyzed interior and exterior boundary according to its type targeting modern housing complex in Europe, and also investigated characteristics thereof. And, having provided the results as basic materials in order to seek amenity of local apartment houses and diversification of housing plan as well, the researcher intends to be of a help to bring physical changes in both building and exterior design, and also to give a new meaning in an environment-friendly aspect.

This study has the purpose to reveal the differences of residents' using behaviors and patterns of living facilities at new 3 residential areas in the middle-sized city. The 3 residential areas had differentiated development concepts; (1) residential area in the downtown, (2) government-residence compound area in the downtown, and (3) industry-residence compound area in the outskirts. Followings are the results of the study. 1) The shopping facilities, banking facilities, public open facilities with high using level are planned in proper places. 2) The using pattern of shopping facilities show a improper pattern. Therefore it is necessary to plan the shopping facilities to induce the resident to change the proper using pattern.

Today, our lifestyle and residential culture has been changed have been changed by interchange with various countries in various sides. In order to become an internationally recognized residential environment designer in this environment, we must understand the housing viewpoint of residents in a country first. Therefore, this study was intended to obtain useful material for residential environment design of both countries by comparing the housing viewpoint between Chinese students studying in Korea and Korean students. A questionnaire was conducted on 205 Korean students and 193 Chinese students (Korean race) from Y University in random sampling basis. The result is as follows. First, both Korea and China have a higher ratio of apartments in both current and previous types of house. But, both Korea and China have similar ratios between detached house and apartment for a desired type of house at the time of moving in. Second, Korean and Chinese university students consider and as the most important functions of residence, and Chinese university students consider more functions of residence than Korean students. Third, both Korean and Chinese consider a living room as the most important space among housing spaces, but Chinese consider a private room more importantly than Korean. Fourth, overall satisfaction rate of Korean students for current houses was average, and most Chinese students were generally satisfied with their houses.

The program of public facilities are essential of resident life, and these programs affect quality of life and community activation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of the program of public facilities and residents' need of program in Yanglim-Dong, Gwangju. In this study, Field survey and questionnaire survey are used for data collection. The results of this study are showed as follows: First, most of the public facilities' programs are composed of educational and welfare program and program for teenager, young people and middle-age. Second, most of the residents prefer to program for culture and sport. Third, most of the residents want to join in one or two every weeks and the time zone of p.m..

This study was conducted to develop standards for evaluating what extant the physical environments of housing which can cope with the needs of the aging society. This study was consisted through literature investigation research mainly, and research target literature limits keyword to elderly housing environment and chose connected domestic various literatures. The scope of evaluation was limited to the indoor spaces and outdoor spaces of housing as it was thought that the elderly spend much more time at indoor, outdoors, considering their physical characteristics. The study are as follows ; First, in outdoor only area from design environment element accessibility, and safety emphasized from equipment element, health of community territory was expose from design environment element that supportiveness is emphasized from equipment element. Second, in living room safety emphasized from design environment element in bedroom and bathroom of indoor individuation space, vestibule, balcony supportiveness, health was expose that is emphasized kitchen and mess. Also, was expose that supportiveness is emphasized from equipment element of all individuation spaces. Third, was expose that design environment element in corridor that is indoor official business space, stair, lobby, elevator and safety from equipment element and supportiveness are emphasized.

This study aims to figure out the old people's needs for modification of their housing to maintain an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, and over 75 group), sex (male and female), and house type (apartment houses and others). The results are as follows. (1) The old people's most inspired modification needs in interior spaces are remodeling the heating controls in the living room and the bedroom, ventilation facilities and storage spaces in the kitchen, non-slip tile flooring and ventilation facilities in bathroom, an easy door-lock, non-slip tile flooring, a draft cut-off, and storage spaces in the entrance. Besides they require emergency alarm, easy door and window locks, fire and gas alarm, and furniture with easy handling. It is necessary to supply the aged with the appropriate heating controls for their sensitivity to heat, with enough storage spaces for the increased possessions, and with diverse safety systems reflected blunting of mobility and sensibility. (2) As they grow older, the aged require more remote controls and safety facilities such as emergency alarm, easy locks and furniture with distinguishable colors. Male elderly is more concerned with safety, while female elderly do with convenience due to their different time spending in the house. The elderly residents in the apartment houses require the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space less than other types of houses. Thus modification of the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space are regards as basic needs for the elderly residents in non-apartment houses.

In order to plan and manage public facilities effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to diagnose the current status of facilities and decide the objective features. Performance measurement is to provide managers with the information they need to measure competitive advantages. This paper discusses public facility performance in order to establish the conceptual framework for performance measurement for public facilities. In order to develop the measurement of public facility performance, a pilot study was conducted with facilities managers of facilities management corporation of public districts in Seoul. We investigated how public facilities management teams have assessed their performance and collected data regarding financial aspects, service aspects, community aspects, and building aspects. There is no standard format to measure facility performance since building sizes, programs, community needs widely differ. However, it is necessary to have a more consistent system to measure facility performance. In addition, each public municipal district needs to empower each district facilities management corporation to participate in managerial decisions and budget control.

The evaluation of the quality of residential environment may be different according to the experts' characteristics. This study aimed at estimating the relative weights of the constituents of a residential environment by AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) through experts' evaluation. The respondent group was composed of 72 experts in the fields of architectural design, housing design, urban design, and urban planning. The findings are as follows(:) 1) the relative weights of residential constituents were different between detailed fields ; 2) the relative weights of residential constituents were not different according to institute in which experts are engaged ; and 3) for the practical application of estimation results of the relative weights, the relation between residential performance constituents and physical design elements should be considered in future.

The purpose of this research was to find out the housing history of Sakhalin returnees since leaving hometown under the Japanese ruling period. Face to face interview had been done with 20 returnees in the community center during October to December, 2008. Personal life as well as housing histories were differed by the reason to move into Sakhalin, which still influenced the returnee' life in Ansan. The housing they had lived changed from barracks like a training camp, to Japanese small wooden cottage/row house, and then Russian brick house/apartment. Housing alteration and addition were common to renew the old house. The boundary of residing area was mostly limited to the first residing location throughout one's life without a long distance move. Housing satisfaction was very high in Gohyangmaeul because of the improvement of housing facilities and residence itself as well as convenience of housing management compared to the residence in Sakhalin. Economic and emotional aspect of life satisfaction were also high through about 8 years of living in. Forced movers still require the compensation on hand no matter the amount.

The purpose of this study is to grasp the preference of colors in housing spaces by different type of personality and color preference by classifying dwellers various characteristics by MBTI to obtain basic informations for the color plan that satisfies their inner desire. The results of this study are as followed. Firstly, we could say about the color distribution of living spaces like that. The ceiling and general wall showed that N(white) systems and YR of bright tone was mostly distributed. The color of floor showed that the calm tone of YR was mostly distributed. Secondly, as for the favored colors of finishing material at each space, the biggest distribution of preference color was found as N(white) group(series) in case of ceilings. As for general walls, bright tone of N(white) group showed most in living rooms. In case of that of the floor, it showed the largest distribution of calm tone of YR. Point wall was preferred bright and brilliant in various kinds of color. Thirdly, as in favor of colors of closing materials, sensible types(S) are concentrated on common color groups, on the other hand, intuition types(N) prefer color groups of various kinds not only general preferred colors.

The purpose of this study is to develop kitchen furniture design for 40-pyung apartment Houses based on stored item of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area. The research data is gotten at a field study of stored items of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area and depth interview. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The kitchen furniture the preparation unit and the sink, the kitchen table, the heating unit and the service table, arranged at the tall storage. 2)The total bulk considered and holding volume ($2.7m^3$) with ground clearance (40%) planned with about $4.21m^3$. 3)Assumed at height and 162cm did a lower part height with 860mm and the upper depth 340mm, did with 700mm where raises. the storage the ceiling which raises will select and considered and with 2200mm did. 4)Arrangement of the kitchen the kitchen form which is an open type (L/DK or L.D.K) arranged many in forms of letter.

Current improvements on the standard of living reduced working hours and increased leisure time. Therefore, people's ideas on life style changed and different demands on residential environment are being made. Residents of apartment want a community facility that enables constant exchange with other residents and supports living. Ideas on how to use physical space to strengthen a community is becoming an issue these days. Community facility plays a crucial role in giving a certain characteristic to the whole apartment and improving the image as a community. It also provides a physical environment and induces active participation of community life from apartment residents. The community facility in an important environment for children, which helps them develop in growth and in society as well. Community facility is a space where children fulfill their curiosity and amusement. Since children are greatly influenced by the physical surroundings, community facility for children should not remain as a space for fun but should change into a space for interaction. This study chose six apartments at Dongtan New Town, located in Hwaseong, Kyunggido. This study focuses on the characteristics of design for children's community facility and would like to make a proposal about future space planning for children's community facility.

Recently, concerns about conserving proper size of urban green spaces and accessibility are increasing, regarding it as a solution to diverse urban environmental problems including pollution, ecosystem deterioration, urban climate change. Artificial ground greening such as green roofs is regarded as the only alternative that can conserve green spaces which are impossible to be secured on the ground. However, green roofs are not popularized yet and levels are very low in provincial cities despite of related technology development and support systems of related agencies. Based on the background, this study tries to present a theoretical basis of methods for green roofs, conducting green roof simulations and collecting ideas about problems and improving measures from green roof users. Finally, it aims to offer base data which help establish policy direction for activation of green roof technology. As a result of a simulation for verifying temperature reduction effect, it was possible to affirm effect of a plot that green roofs applied. Especially, it was revealed that a green roof method using ground covers such as mixed planting was the most effective way to reduce temperature. Activation methods for green roofs based on this study are as follows: First, it is a priority to readjust systems related to green roofs. Second, citizens' active and voluntary participation must be attained. Third, it is required to establish detailed promotion procedures which aim at actual conduct and to maintain an expert department which is able to manage and control the establishment. After conduct, continuous aftercare stages are also needed.

For building an urban image, various elements such as symbolic building, ethnic characteristics, historical background, natural environment, and diverse cultural elements can influence on it. Many cities in developed countries are showing their unique urban image reflecting their own culture, history, and aesthetic tastes. Especially color, one of the major design elements, has greater impact than other visual factors to form an urban characteristic. Despite the long history and cultural background, Seoul as a capital city of Korea does not show an unique city image with the perspective of color. Recently, Seoul has been designated as '2010 World Design Capital' and implements various urban design projects. As a leading city of design, Seoul is trying to make its urban identity through the own symbolic environment color. The purpose of this study is to find an environmental color scheme for developing a desirable urban design through several cases of foreign countries. For the purpose, Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Tokyo were selected as case cities. Each of the cities showed their own cultural characteristics and made their unique urban image by appropriate usage of their natural environment, symbolic building, emblem of country, and so on. We need to consider these successful cases to build up the image of Seoul.

Covering structures and elevated road of Cheonggyecheon are the by-products of the developing era when functionality and efficiency were emphasized. Historic river restoration project around Cheonggyecheon which had been emerged as a threat to the safety of the citizens due to its corrosion and structural defects as time passes had been performed during the period from July, 2003 through October, 2005 under the slogan of future-oriented urban environment creation. By dint of this river restoration project, its value is being heightened as almost all the rivers of Seoul including Seongbukcheon, Chungreungcheon and Honghaecheon have been arranged by inter-active linkage. In addition, this river is becoming a place frequented by the numerous visitors at home and aborad by providing the citizens with an attractive space for utilizing leisure time. Currently in the diversified areas, an academic research on the Cheonggyecheon restoration is under progress. In this study, sampled questionnaire for the visitors was carried out by site visit with the necessity of users' satisfaction survey in terms of revitalization of pedestrian space of the city street. As a result of this, natural restoration and provision of leisure space were surveyed to be highly assessed in terms of satisfaction and insufficient provision of convenience facilities including toilet and parking space was pointed out as a matter to be improved. As Cheonggyecheon is invigorated from the obstacle of urban environment through its epochal restoration, its value provided to us will be evaluated and by supplementing the deduced problems, we intend to find its meaning in our hope that this would become a sustainable future assets providing a basic data.

The stronghold diffusion style method is resident participation style residential environment improvement plan that first of all, the general public constructs base facilities which the temporary occupancy public housings, commonness use facilities, roads, etc. And then with using the public housing of the stronghold sector, the resident oneself improves the house with independence or commonness. As a result induction of the voluntary participation of economic situation and the resident where the improvement will is reflected and introduction of versatile maintenance method through stronghold development with participation of the general public, this study tries to present the residential improvement method of diffusion style. San-Jun was selected in the subject of investigation area in stronghold diffusion style residential environmental improvement plan area. Investigation contents population register quality and quality of present house, the degree which is a house environmental improvement plan, about residential improvement the fact etc. Because unsatisfactorily in compliance with the deterioration and spatial narrow of the house, The above of half is an improvement intention. Hereafter residential improvement, According to the condition which is economic, residential improvement will change. The plan will be able to augment the economic enemy capability of the resident should grope and the residents oneself creates the environment will be able to improve the house. Also with creating, activating a resident organization, through autonomous decision-making process, the residential improvement could be advanced continuously.

This study aims to figure out the use of the school facilities as a community center. The twenty-five elementary schools in Korea and nine schools in Japan are analyzed on the frame of the facility types(the athletic facility, the cultural facility, the convenience facility, the educational facility, the welfare facility, and the open-space), the building units(single, multiple), and the user's movement(separate, cross). The results are as follows: (1) The frequently served complexes of the school facilities are the athletic facility, the convenience facility, and the cultural facility in Korea and the convenience facility, the educational facility, the athletic facility, and the cultural facility in Japan. The schools in Japan seem to be more concerned to the life-long studies. (2) Gyms and swimming pools are most popular as the athletic facility both countries. The schools in Japan supply the community members with more various contents encouraging participation and relationship-making as the convenience, educational and the cultura facilities. (3) The use of building units and the user's movement are not distinguishable in both countries.

To be Low Carbon and Green Growth, it is necessary that Long-Life Housing based on Green Technology is supplied. The main concern at the moment is developing Sustainable Housing relative to Life-Cycle or Life-Style of the residents, and the resident of Remodeling or Redevelopment. This study is aim to be Development of Maintenance Process in order to make steady dwelling when supplying Long-Life Housing that separates Support(Skeleton) and Infill different from the existing Short-Life Housing, and has durability, alterability, available remodeling, easy maintenance. Long-Life Housing should consider the maintenance about movement and variableness. In contrast, the maintenance of the existing Housing is regular maintenance, change and repair by damage. As well as Long-Life Housing should be demanded proper Development of Maintenance Process because of difference of Housing in concept, design and Construction. Therefore, this study looks into problems when applying Development of Maintenance Process in Long-Life Housing, and shows Development of Maintenance Process about the efficient Long-Life Housing for the manager.

The housing policy of Korea has been focused on the expansion of housing construction so far. However, actual support for low-income households is still insufficient, especially in public rental housing. The purpose of this study was to identify various methods of reducing the housing cost burden of residents in public rental housing, focused on empowerment. For this, 198 management staff of public rental housing under Korea Housing Management were surveyed using questionnaire distributed by email during February 18 to 27. Several ways to reduce housing cost burden and to enhance the self-support will of residents in public rental housing were suggested as follows: development of education and service program inspiring the residents' empowerment, enacting a provision of Tenants Representative obligation in Rental Housing Act, and so on.

Nowadays, the condition of overcrowded cities has raised a question which is insufficient land in cities, and has gotten worse because of the influx of the population continuously. It has rapidly constructed a skyscraper increasingly that the solution to secure a living space against these overcrowded cities until 2000, but these are already positioning itself as one of the new type of residence. The necessity of skyscraper as facilities of residence inside cities has be available both a solution for overcrowded cities and a meaning for a symbol of its represented a landmark. However, constructing skyscrapers indiscreetly can not guarantee dweller's life environment, and it contains risks unless design and facilities criteria are provided. Now, a skyscraper as a new substitute constituting a living space in the future for overcrowded cities deals with a systematic correlation between a city and construction. Therefore the aim of this study were to indicate a method for improvement of dweller's life environment at skyscraper through establishing a point of reference to inculcate them for a sustainable skyscraper from now on.

In recent, the marketing competitions that stimulates the emotions of consumers are intensifying in the domestic construction industry due to the increase of unsold new apartments. However, there is a need for brand identity establishment through which more differentiated information can be delivered to the consumers, as each brand is focusing only on idealistic image advertisements of dream, future and happiness. Accordingly in this study, the top five brand apartments according to the national brand value evaluation index (BSTI, BrandStock Top Index) were selected and analyzed their TV advertisement characteristics, and its purpose is in evaluating the brand images perceived by the consumers of their TV advertisements. The significance of the results from this study is in presenting the basic information for establishing effective communication between the corporations and consumers. The survey research of this study was conducted for the students of D University, and SPSS 14.0 program was used for the statistical data analysis.