Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference (한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집)
Korean Society of Ocean Engineers
- Semi Annual
Domain
- Construction/Transportation > Maritime Safety/Transportation Technology
- Construction/Transportation > Water Engineering System
2000.10a
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In this paper was studied on the mechanical characteristics of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics(GFRP) of the steel bar it is to replace. The advantage of FRP such as high strength, low weight and chemical inertness or noncorrosiveness can be fully exploited. GFRP bar were successfully fabricated at l0mm nominal diameters of solid and hollow types using a pultrusion method. Tensile and bending specimens from this bar were tested and compared with behavior of GFRP rebar and steel bar.
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In this paper, not only the development of optimizing of friction welding with more reliability and more applicability but also development of in-process real-time weld quality(such as strength and toughness) evaluation technique by acoustic emission for friction welding of the engine exhaustive valve(SUH3-SUH35 dissimilar steels of 12.3mm, 16mm, 20mm and 24mm in diameters) were performed, comparing with the other FRW matches of materials such as SUH3 to SUH31, SUH3 to STS303 and SUH3 to STS304. As an important result, the techniques for dissimilar friction welding optimization of engine heat resisting steels SUH3 and SUH35( 12.3mm, 16mm, 20mm, 24mm) and its real-time weld quality evaluation by AE were developed, considering on both diameter and carbon equivalent effects.
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lh deleterious Cr, Mo rich -
$\sigma$ phase is a hard embrittling precipitate, which forms between MU)-900$^{\circ}C$ , often associated with a reduction in both impact properties and corrosion reshame. On this study, After aging at MU) "C, fatigue crack propagation induced by a phase precipitation was evaluated and time-frequency analysis of acoustic emission was conducted It was possible to find fracture mechanism by a phase precipitation due to time-frequency anulysis of acoustic emission signals.nals. -
It was confirmed that the life predictive equation by LMP-ISM are effective only up to 10
$^2$ hours and can not be used for long times of 10$^3$ ~10$^{5}$ hours, but that by ISM can be used for long times creep life prediction with more reliability. The predictive creep life equation of ISM has better reliability than those by LMP and LMP-ISM, and its realizably is getting better for long time creep prediction(10$^3$ ~10$^{5}$ H). -
Milling fixture is one kind of machining device according to the industrial demands for multi manufacturing products on the growing at alarming rate. In the field of design and making for machine tool working, welding, assembling with fixture for mass production is a specific division. In order to prevent the production defects, occurring, the optimum design of product, fixture putting in the field is very significant manufacturing method. They require analysis of many kinds of important factors, theory and practice of machine tool operating process and its situations, fixture and its structure, machining condition for tool making tool materials, heat treatment of fixture components, know-how and so on. In this study we designed and constructed a milling fixture of mass production and performed tryout under the AUTO CAD, database, I-DEAS and WINDOW environment. Especially part 1 of this study is reveals with the analysis of part drawing, fixture planning, fixture design etc.
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This is the continued paper as part 2 in this study. In order to prevent the production defects, the optimum design of product, fixtures and their making are very significant division. Especially the result of modelling and its analysis become the characteristics of this paper that nothing might be over seen before such as this type of research method on all processes.
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In this paper, joints of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to STS316L were performed by friction welding method. Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy is attractive candidate as nuclear power plant material and exibit the best combination of high sts good electrical and thermal conductivity of any copper alloy examined. The stainless steel is a structural material who alloy acts as a heat sink material for the surface heat flux in the first wall. So, in this paper, not only the develop optimizing of friction welding with more reliability and more applicabililty but also the development of in-process rear quility(such as strength and toughness) evaluation technique by acoustic emission for friction welding of such nuclear component of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to STS316L steel were performed.
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F.R.P specimens were made by mixture CM(chopped mat) 450-104 matrix & RC(roving clothes)570-100 Roving, the mixture ratio Resin: hardener (92:8) for tensile test. It was also made of plates by hand lay-up method and was been cured for 24 hours and then was cut tensile specimens in accordance with ASTM D638 Type 3. Knowing exact behavior of bonded area's stress and strain when the tensile test was going on, the test specimens were made of 2 plies laminae of F.R.P in each for supporting cut part in middle of specimen length. And in middle part also were covered of F.R.P plies of 1/2, 2/3 length of specimen in each as well. Also we consider shear stress in adhered area. This study reveals that as plys length is more longer, rupture stress grows remarkably larger.
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This paper discusses the horizontally rotaling wind power generator. Quasi static analysis are applied to performance. Translational velocity. which varies on the distance from the rotating wind power generator is effective in speed. In high rotation. the reverse torque reduces the total effective troque. It is recommended to giver efforts to redutorque for the acceptavle performance of the horizontallv rogatting tvpe generator.
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The very large flcating structure which am be used for as airport may be as large as several kilomet wide. The first order wave forces as well as wave drift forces are very important forces on such a very large floating In the present studv, the time simulation of motion responses with dolphin-moored VLFS in waves is presented The coeffcients and wave forces involved in the equations are obtained from a three-dimensionul panel method in the frequc The horizontal drift forces and mooring forces for dolphin systems are taken into account. As for numerical example, analyses are carried out for a VLFS in irregular wave condition
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Up to this day, Most studies of hydroelasticity are inclined to frequency domain atnlysis. Thos amlysis Q the landing, take-4, and dropping of airaqft on a structure. So, the concern of this prrper is a tra a VLFS subjected to dymmic lazd induced by airplane larndirrg and take-off. To predict added mass, dampr exciting force, the source-dipole distribution method were used The responses are accomplished by Fdoimain analysis method is based on Newmark
$\beta$ method to pursuit time step pnzcedure taking advantage function for hvdrodvnumic effects. -
In the present paper, the numerical calculations for the viscous duct flow of water jet propulsion systems ship are carried out. The governing equation, incompressible Navier-Stokes equation, is discretized and analysed by a Method with the stcandard turbulence modeling. For the calculations the duct flow which h e intake flows disturbed by the ship, the results dcuhted by the potenti used Numerical results show fairly good agreement with the experimental data
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This paper describes the effect of span-to-depth ratio, which describes aspect of cell formed with top diaphragm steel plate, on capacity in composite steel-concrete structure of sandwich system. The span-to-depth ratio \ulcorner load-carrying mechanism and load-distribution capacity of structure. Therefore, stress levels of members and load-resis\ulcorner of system vary according to span-depth ratio. In this study, numerical nonlinear analysis was performed to various ratio for two types(MA, MB) composite structure of sandwich system to analyze the influence of span-to-depth ratio or, behavior. The difference of load-carrying mechanism and stress of members results from analysis results, then bas\ulcorner differences, the effects of span-to-depth ratio on shear capacity, flexural capacity and load-resistance capacity were analyze effects on failure mode and ductility were briefly. As a results of this study, as span-to-depth ratio increases, \ulcorner bottom steel plate and concrete lower. This implies an increase in effective flexural and shear capacity. Therefore lo\ulcorner capacity of structure improves as span-to-depth ratio increases, Especially, the effect is greate in shear than flexural span-to-depth ratio increases, this difference between flexural and shear capacity may change failure mode and ductility. span-to-depth ratio increases capacity increases more than flexural capacity, we should expect that structural behavior mode gradually change from shear to flexural and ductility of structure gradually improves.
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A sliding mode fuzzy control (SMFC) with disturbance estimator is applied to design a controller for the third generation benchmark problem on an wind-excited building. A distinctive feature in vibration control of large civil infrastructure is the existence of large disturbances, such as wind, earthquake, and sea wave forces. Those disturbances govern the behavior of the structure, however, they cannot be precisely measured, especially for the case of wind-induced vibration control. Since the structural accelerations are measured only at a limited number of locations without the measurement of the wind forces, the structure of the conventional control may have the feed-back loop only. General structure of the SMFC is composed of a compensation part and a convergent part. The compensation part prevents the system diverge, and the convergent part makes the system converge to the sliding surface. The compensation part uses not only the structural response measurement but also the disturbance measurement, so the SMFC has a feed-back loop and a feed-forward loop. To realize the virtual feed-forward loop for the wind-induced vibration control, disturbance estimation filter is introduced. the structure of the filter is constructed based on an auto regressive model for the stochastic wind force. This filter estimates the wind force at each time instance based on the measured structural responses and the stochastic information of the wind force. For the verification of the proposed algorithm, a numerical simulation is carried out on the benchmark problem of a wind-excited building. The results indicate that the present control algorithm is very efficient for reducing the wind-induced vibration and that the performance indices improve as the filter for wind force estimation is employed.
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Thermal simulation of typical stack-type and newly proposed planar-type micro-gas sensors were studied by FEM method. The thermal analyses for the proposed planar structure including temperatur distribution over the sensing layer and power consumption of the heater were carried using finite element method by computer simulation and well compared with those of typical stack-type micro-gas sensor. The thermal properties of the microsensor from thermal simulation were compared with those of a actual device to investigate the acceptability of the computer simulation.
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This paper presents the vergence control of a parallel stereo camera and its application to underwater stereo camera to enhance the working efficiency of underwater vehicles that equips with manipulators in seabed operation. The stereo camera consists of two parallel lenses mounted on a lateral moving base and two CCD cameras mounted on a longitudinal moving base, which is embedded in a small pressure canister for underwater application. Because the lateral shift is related to the backward shift with a nonlinear relation, only one control input is needed to control the vergence and focus of the camera with a special driving device. We can get a clear stereo vision with the camera for all the range of objects in air and in water, especially in short range objects. The control system of the camera is so simple that we are able to realize a small stereo camera system and to apply it to a stereo vision system for underwater vehicles. This paper also shows how to acquire the distance information of an underwater object with this stereo camera. Whenever we focus on an underwater object with the camera, we can obtain the three-dimensional images and the distance information in real-time.
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Recently ocean environmental pollution becomes very serious, so each governmental organization slove this problem. As part of the policy, KRISO has investigated distribution condition at ocean waste. Acc\ulcorner we found that combustble waste consists of ropes, fishing nets, and tires. These are, however, highly polyme\ulcorner existing incicerators have many problems to treat these. In this study we want to pyrolyze highly polymerized \ulcorner data for a design of fule production system without second pollution. Through the thermogravimetic experiment characteristics of pyrolysis and obtained some preliminary results.
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In this paper, the real-time prediction of high temperature creep life was carried out for the friction welded joints of dissimilar heat resisting steels(SUH3-SUH35). Various life prediction methods such as LMP(Larson-Miller Parameter) and ISM(initial strain method) were applied : The creep behaviors of those steels and the welds under static load were examined by ISM combined with LMP at 500, 600 and
$700^{\circ}C$ , and the relationship between these two methods was investigated. A real-time creep life($t_{r}$ , hr) prediction equation by initial strain($\varepsilon$ $_{0}$ , %) under any creep stress ($\sigma$ , MPa) at any high temperature(T, K) was developed as follows :$t_{r}$ =$\alpha$ $\varepsilon$ $_{0}$ $^{\beta}$ $\sigma$ $^{1}$ where, (equation omitted) for SUH3-SUH35 friction weld of =16mm and =20mm, respectively. -
The piercing and blanking of thin sheet metal working with a pilot punch guide is specified division in press die design and making. In order to prevent the detects, the optimum design of the production part, strip process layout, die design, die making and try out etc. are necessary the analysis of effective factors. For example, theory and practice of metal shearing process and its phenomena, die structure, machine tool working for die making, die materials and its heat treatment, metal working in industrial and its know how etc. In this study, we analyzed whole of data base, theoretical back ground of metal working process, and then performed the progressive die tryout with the screw press. This study regards to the aim of small quantity of production part's press working by piloting for accurate guide of actual sheet metal strip. Part 1 of this study reveals with production part and strip process layout for the die design.
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In order to keep the zero defect of production in press working process. The optimum design of the production part, strip process layout, die design, die making and try out etc. are necessary the analysis of effective factors. For example, theory and practice of metal shearing process and it's phenomena, die structure, machine tool working for die making, die materials and it's heat treatment, metal working in field, their know how tc. are included in those factors. In this study, we analyzed whole of data base, theoretical back ground of metal working process, and then performed the progressive die tryout with the screw press. Part 2 of this study reveals with precision progressive die design, its making and tryout.
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In this study, Ringing is investigated by continuous wavelet transform. Ringing is considered to be one of the typical transient phenomena in the field of ocean engineering. The wavelet analysis is adopted to analyze ringing from the point that wavelet analysis is capable of frequency analysis as well as time domain analysis. The use mother wavelet is the Morlet wavelet. The relation between the frequency of the time series and that of wavelet can be clearly defined with Mor1et wavelet. Experimental data obtained by other researchers was used. The wave height time series and acceleration times series of the surface piercing cylinder were analyzed. The results show that the proposed scheme can detect typical frequency region by the time domain analysis which could hardly be detected if one relied on the frequency analysis.
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The ocean is now increasingly suffering from pollution mainly caused by oil spill accidents roil increasing marine transportation. It cause not only the deterioration of ocean resources but also critical damage on the ocean ecosystem. Present study is an experimental one for the development of the oil skimmer which can collect spilled-oil actively and effectively from the sea surface. As an effort of achieving it, a new type of water wheel attached nil skimmer was devised, based upon the concept of orifice. The shapes of the water wheel, blades and oil storing tank are found to be very important factors on the oil skimming performance through systematic experimental analysis. Real oil recovery test was also carried out in square tank using the oil skimmer with their optimal shapes. Quite satisfactory result are obtained from the test which showed 99% and 98% recovery rates for light oil and heavy oil in still water condition, respectively.
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Hardening agent has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization a sat ground This study aims at determining optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent in accordance with the required design specificutions. Hardening agent is properly mixed with Fly ash, Gyosum, Slag and Cement for the etmmngite hydrates which is dective for early stabilization of unconsoliokrred soil. \ulcornerhe treated soil is the clay tint is widely found here and there in Koresz In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get optirml mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient, and mrvine clay in Jin-Hae was used to get physid and Md properties. Labomtory tests of 50 stabilized soil were performed to get optimal mixture mtio for 16-stabilizer merial a 6 types, a d stabilizer mixing was determined
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Waste landfill consists of cover layer, glass, robber, sheet, food waste, etc and is in very loose state. So, the proper method must be applied to ground improvement of waste landfill according to its characteristics and conditions. In this paper, analysis for field tests as static loading test, bearing capacity test were performed. In result, PG pile method proved to be effective and economic, because it affected increase of end bearing capacity, the prevention of differential settlement and over 20% increase of density by expansion of pile.
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A Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Pressure Vessel Steel SA516/70 at High Temperature.The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the SA516/70 steel which is used for pressure vessels was examined experimentally at room temperature,
$150^{\circ}C$ ,$250^{\circ}C$ and$370^{\circ}C$ with stress ratio of R=0.1 and 0.3. The fatigue crack propagation rate da/dN related with the stress intensity factor range$\Omega\textrm{K}$ was influenced by the stress ratio within the stable growth of fatigue crack(Region II) with an increase in$\Omega\textrm{K}$ . The resistance to the fatigue crack growth at high temperature is higher in comparison with that at room temperature, and the resistance attributed to the extent of plasticity-induced by compressive residual stress according to the cyclic loads. Fractographic examinations reveal that the differences of the fatigue crack growth characteristics between room and high temperatures are mainly explained by the crack closure and oxide-induced by high temperature. -
Hydraultic experiments were performed in 2-D were flume to investigate the stability o the breakwaters, the destruction of armor blocks and overtopping under irregular wave attack on the structures armored by \`Core-Loc\`. Overtopping rate and stability were examined and compared when armored by Core-Loc and by T.T.P. Results shows both type of blocks are stable and overtopping rates are similar in the adopted experimental condition. Therefore Core-Loc can replace some portion of T.T.P. which is uniquely used in Korea. Further integrated experimental data with Core-loc are need for destruction mechanism or overtopping rate.
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In order to clarify the seasonal variation of residual current and material transportation process in Hiroshima Bay, JAPAN, the real-time simulation of residual current and particle tracking by using Euler-Lagrange model were carried out. The calculated tidal current and water temperature and salinity showed good agreement with the observed ones. The residual currents showed the southward flow pattern at the upper layer, and the northward flow pattern at the lower layer. The flow structure of residual current in Hiroshima Bay is an estuarine circulation affected by density flow and wind driven current. The residual current plays an improtant role of material transportation in th bay.
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Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying th\ulcorner the condition of the ships and its equipments comply with the requirement of international conventions and the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. On the other hand, check items in PSC are nearly similar to periodical survey of Classification Societies, because they have the same background regarding safety and maritime pollution prevention. The purpose of this study is to develope computer-aided information systems for ship inspection item which is useful for effective implementation of Port State Control. For this work, the status of PSC is reviewed, and the related scheme of ship survey system in Classification Societies is investigated. On these bases, a computer software integrated database system and object-oriented technique is developed. The developed system is expected helpful to establish and maintain an effective system of Port State Control.
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It is essential to understand the creep behavior, which shows how long the characteristics of material maintains because press joined molding GMT-Sheet for recycle is usually used in the severe environment. In this study, we predict joining strength of GMT-Sheet for recycle, when lap length was changed. and we will investigate how compression ratio have an effect on creep behavior in press joined molding. The result of experiment of forming condition concerned with joining problem of GMT-Sheet is as followings joining efficiency. of GMT-Sheet, increases as lap joint length I, increases. Increase of compression ratio causes decrease o f joining efficiency after of GMT-Sheet joining. As the result of creep test, GMT-Sheet is easily damaged in high temperature range, because it is sensitive to the temperature
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Electrorheological(ER) effect on the dispersive system of polarizable fine powder/dielectric oil has been investigated. The electrical and rheological properties of zeolite and starch based ER fluid were reported. The ER fluids were constructed by mixing zeolite and starch power with two different dielectric oils. Yield stress of the fluids were measured on the couette cell type rheometer as a function of electric fields, particle concetrations, and temperatures. The electric field is applied by high voltage DC power supply. The outer cup is connected to positive electrode(+) and the bob becomes ground(-). And the temperatures the viscosity(or shear stress) versus shear rates were measured. In this experiment shear rates were increased from 0 to
$200s^{-1}$ in 2 minutes. -
The improved Green integral equation of overdetermined type applied to the radiation problem for an oscillating cylinder in the presence of weak current is presented. A two-dimensional Green function for the weak current is also presented. The present numerical solution of the Improved Green integral equation by the B-spline higher order Kelvin panel method is shown to be free of irregular frequencies which are present in the usual Green integral equation.
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New concept of LNG-FPSO ship with moonpool and bilge step in bottom is considered and investigated in the point of motion reduction and sloshing phenomena of the cargo and operation tanks. The cargo capacity of the ship of which principle dimensions is L x B x D x t(design) =270.0 x 51.0 x 32.32 x 13.7(m) 16K at 98% loading condition. The two moonpools and rectangular step at bilge part are setted up specially for getting the effect of motion decrease. For the motion analysis, linearized three dimensional diffraction theory with the simplified boundary conditions is used. The six-degree of freedom coupled motion responses are calculated for the LNG-FPSO ship. Viscous effects on the roll motion responses of a vessel are taken into account in this calculation program using an empirical formula suggested by Ikeda, Himeno and Tanaka is used. The case study for the moonpool size had been carried out by theoretical estimation and experimental method. For the optimization of the moonpool size and effect of the step, 9 cases of its size and with and without step are considered. From the results of calculation and experiment, it can be concluded that this designed LNG-FPSO ship have possibility to carry out her missions in the rough sea as for the owner's demand waves condition. The motion responses, especially roll motion, for the designed LNG-FPSO ship are much lower than those of another drillship and shuttle tanker and limit criterions are satisfied. For the check of the cargo tank and operation tank sizes we have performed sloshing analysis in the irregular waves which focuses on the pressure distribution on the tank wall and the time history of pressure and free surface for No.2 and No5. tanks of LNG-FPSO with chamfers. Finally we got the tank size which has no resonance and no impact pressure in all filling in the bow quartering and beam sea.
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Temporal and Spatial Spreading Characteristic of Drift Soil due to the Reclamation in the Pusan PortIn this study, the evaluation method of diffusion characteristics of Suspended Soli&SS) and the generation limit(source and thick) are investigated, which is significantly affecting on marine examined by construction works such as dredging and reclamation. Dispersion characteristics of SS is examined by hydraulic tests and numerical works in consideration with the Pusan Port. Hydraulic model test was performed in 2-D wave flume to find the limit wave conditon of re-suspension of solid as well as the time dependent characteristics of settlement The results obtainded in the study are as follows; 1) The quantituative evaluation af SS is the basic parameter of marine environmental impact assessment in related with the port development The SS increases as the water content of sea bed solid increases and the density decreases. 2) The sea bed solid in Sinsundai area, Pusan Port has the water content range of 83~157% 3) The ratio of suspension velocity against settlement velocity is about 0.25 and SS concentration converges as the wave heigh. 4) The SS increases 2 time when time step increases 3 time(10 sec to 30 sec) in numerical simulation It means that the effect of the time step should be checked in detail to stable. The diffusion The diffusion coefficient are Affiected senstively in the dispersion process while sea ved friction coefficinet have not strong relation in the simulated area
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This paper suggests that post-tensioned and dome-shaped space truss formed by post-tersionong is easy to fabricate in construction process. In particular, a laboratory model is used to show how a flat space truss system can be transformed into a dome-shaped space truss by means of post-tensioning. There are some diserpancy in vertical displacement of the dxperiment and theoretical analysis for space truss. Nonlinear analysis is used to predict the final shape shape of the space truss, the experiments tndicates that this construction method can offer economy over traditional methods. In addition, the analysis indicates that when all the sxisting mechanisms are controlled, the nonlinear finite element method is more reliable way to predict the shape of the dome-shaped space truss than the linear analysis.
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Presently, one or several tugboats guide a ship in the port or canal, during the ship's engines and steering mechanism kept idle. This method has insufficient ability keeping the ship on course, danger of collision with waterside structures, tugging preparation time consuming, as well as the need expending substantial resources to acquire and maintain tugboats and associated facilities. Therefore, a new technology and system for ship's guiding to be needed and introduced instead of traditional guiding and tugging system.
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This paper deals with the Gain Control in the processing of the underwater acoustic image obtained from side scan sonar(SSS) system. At first, this paper describes the principles of SSS that is a surveying equipment for the underground of the rivers or dams as well as sea floor. Then this paper analyzes the cause and effects of the time varying intensity from the view point of transmission loss and beam pattern. At last, the time varying gain filter that is adopted by the towfish is introduced.
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"Side scan sonar" using acoustic signal has been developed to survey cable laying, sunken bodie\ulcorner bottom and so on. It use the acoustic signals, which are emitted from two transducer arrays, to get gemetri\ulcorner target area. This system consists of transceiver board, towed body, and deck unit. The transceiver board, w\ulcorner watertight canister of the towed body, controls the transmitting and receiving of 400kHz acoustic signals from \ulcorner After receiving the scattered signals, it processes the filtering, AGF(Automatic Gain Control), TVG(Time Heterodyne. The deck unit is composed of the signal processing part, A/D converter, power supplier, and real\ulcorner And the towed body has been designed to satisfy the optimal hydrodynamic behavior during towing. The de\ulcorner theory of transceiving part and some results from field-experiments will be introduced here.
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The multiforming progressive die are multiple operations performed by means of a die having above two stages, jon the each of stages performs a different operation as the sheet metal passes through the die hole. In the field of design and making tool for press working, the progressive die for sheet metal (SPC, thickness :2mm) is a specific division. In order to prevent the defects, the optimum design of the production part, strip layout, die design, die making and tryout etc. are necessary. They require analysis of many kinds of important factors, i.e. theory an practice of metal press working and its phenomena, die structure, machining condition for die making, die materials, heat treatment of die components, know-how and so on. In this study, we designed and constructed a multiforming progressive die as a U-bending working of multi-stage and performed try out. out of these processes the die development could be taken for advance. Especially the result of tryout and its analysis become the characteristics of this paper (part 1 and part 2) that nothing might be ever seen before such as this type of research method on all the processes. In the par 1 of this study we treated die design mostly.
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Precision progressive die have used for above ten thousand pieces of lot size production part. In the field of design and making tool for press working, the progressive die for sheet metal (SPC, thickness : 2mm) is a specific division. In order to prevent the defects, the optimum design of the U-bending production part, strip layout, die design, die making and tryout etc. are necessary. They require analysis of many kinds of important factors, i.e. theory and practice of metal pres working and its phenomena, die structure, machining condition for die making, die materials, heat treatment of die component, know-how and so on. In this study, we designed and constructed a progressive die of multi-stage and performed try out. Out of these processes the die development could be taken for advance. Especially the result of tryout and its analysis become the characteristics of this paper (part 1 and part 2) that nothing might be ever seen before such as this type of research method on all the processes. In the part 2 of this study we treated die making and tryout mostly.
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It is important to evaluate austenitic heat resistant stainless steel because of low weldability of austenitic heat resistant stainless steel containing high Si. This study took varestraint test for evaluation of solidification cracking sensitivity and Erichsen test for evaluation of weld metal ductility. As a result of tests, solidification crack sensitivity increased with adding
$N_2$ to shielding gas, and W had detrimental effect on crack resistance, but Ce had beneficial effect on crack resistance. Under same heat input, ductility of weld metal increased with welding speed. -
Fatigue crack propagation rates and characteristics of the SA516-60 steel which is used for the low temperature pressure vessels, were studied in the room temperature of
$25^{\circ}C$ and low temperature ranges of$10^{\circ}C,\; -10^{\circ}C,\; -30^{\circ}C,\; -50^{\circ}C, \;and\; -70^{\circ}C4 with stress ratio of R=0.05. The obtained experimental results are as follows; 1) In the logarithmic relationship between the fatigue crack propagation rate(da/dN) and stress intensity factor K, the linear relationship was obtained up to da/dN 〉$8\times10^{-3}$ /mm/cycle in the same of room temperature, but in low temperature case, the relationship was extended to the range of crack propagation rate. 2) The lower limit stress intensity factor of SA516-60$\DeltaK_{th}$ was 15.8MPa and in the case of low temperature$-50^{\circ}C\; and\; -70^{\circ}C$ , the crack propagation rate da/dN which showed a linear relation, reached rapidly to the$\DeltaK_{th}$ /. As the results, the crack propagation rates of$-50^{\circ}C\; and\; -70^{\circ}C$ were lower than that of room temperature and according to the testing temperature the rates were decreased rapidly to the$\DeltaK_{th}$ /. 3) On the relationship between the stress intensity factor$\DeltaK$ and the crack propagation cycle, the stress intensity factors of low cycle region was rapidly increased at low temperature, but$\DeltaK$ was increased rapidly at room temperature of high cycle. 4) On the relationship between the fatigue crack propagation rate and cycle, the fatigue crack propagation rate showed higher gradient in the room temperature than the low temperature due to the increment in ductility at low temperature. -
The water quality in Yeongil Bay is getting worse due to the sewage and the waste water from the surrounding industrial complex The study aims to simulate the current system that is necessary to built ecosystem model for the optium water quality control and clarify the correlation of current system characteristics with water quality in Yongil Bay. To clarify the characteristics of coastal water movement system and verify the applicability of the 3-D model, the current system was simulated using 3-D baroclinic model considered tidal current and density effects. As the results of numerical experiments, it is proved the 3-D model is the most appliable on the Yongil Bay where current flows slowly and the flow direction is varied by depths. From the results of simulation considered tidal current only, It am be clearly said the water in Yongil Bay flows in through the surface layer and flows out through the bottom layer. And the fresh water from the Hyongsan river and the heated discharge from POSCO have little effect on the current structure in Yonggil Bay, but have and important effect upon the density structure by diffusion of heat and salt. And the water quality distribution is closely related with the current structure characteristics as well as the tidal residual current system.
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In recent years, a number of successful nesting approaches have been developed by using the various heuristic algorithms, and due to their application potential several commercial CAD/CAM packages include a nesting module for solving the layout problem. Since a large portion of the complexity of the part nesting problem results from the overlapping computation, the geometric representation is one of the most important factors to reduce the complexity of the problem. The proposed part representation method can easily handle parts and raw materials with widely varying geometrical shape by using the redesigning modules. This considerably reduces the amount of processed data and consequently the run time of the computer. The aim of this research is to develop parametric macro for two-dimensional layout on the Auto-CAD system. Therefore, this research can be called "pre-nesting".
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Two hull forms of 2, 500 TEU Container Vessel, designed by Daedong Shipbuilding CO., LTD. were tested at the Circulating Water Channel of Chosun University for the evaluation of resistance performance. The test results of resistance, wave profile measurement and trim-sinkage measurement are compared in the form of diagrams and figures, and the results are discussed. A conclusion is drawn that the performance of modified form (model number : CU-201F2A2) is improved about 8% resistance performance at the design speed compare with original form (model number : CU-201F1A1).
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AESTRACI: The shmr behior of sawtoothed artrjicial joints grouted with cement milk rm investiguted in the lahotconstant normal stress conditions. Tests were amducted on joints with asperities h i n g inclinations cf 16.7" and 26.6" ,strengths h i n g 15MPa and 47MPa under a given nmge of n o d stresses wrying frcm 0.76 to 1.g MPa md at a freepitching, rolling and dihtmuy. Results show that the gect of asperities on shmr strength increme is signifamt up to as,to grout thidness (t/a) mtio 4 0.3-1.0. Increme of ahesim is the nmn muse cf shmr strength increme in cemmtoothed artificial iointsed artificial ioints
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Despite the increasing necessity of accurate estimation of ring-stiffened cylinders' ultimate strength, the complex structural behavior of cylinders has made their design mainly depend on empirical formulas mostly based on insufficient test data rather than theoretical background. This paper has developed the imperfection method which enables the ultimate strength analysis of buckling sensitive structures by combining two general functions of common commercial finite element softwares, linear elastic buckling analysis and nonlinear stress analysis. Developed method was applied to two of the world most renowned commercial softwares, MSC/NASTRAN and ABAQUS, for the analysis of ring-stiffened cylinders and unexpectedly big difference in their analysis results was found. This tells that many widely used commercial softwares has their different strong points and week points and the choice of commercial software should be cautiously made after thorough inspection. This paper ends with some useful information about which of the aforementioned two softwares is more appropriate respectively for linear elastic buckling analysis and ultimate strength analysis of ring-stiffened cylinders.
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This paper is concerned with the simulator to estimate deformation due to welding of panel blocks. An efficient computer program system has been developed which can be applied both to estimation of weld-induced deformation under the given welding conditions and to reflection of effect when methods for deformation control are applied. This paper briefly describes the background of the present simulator and sows some results applying the simulator to estimation of weld-induced deformation. In addition results when methods for deformation control are applied are also included.