Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Citrus platymamma inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW264.7 macrophage

RAW264.7 대식세포에서 Citrus platymamma의 iNOS, COX-2, 염증성 사이토카인 발현 억제 효과

  • Kim, Sang Suk (Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Kyung Jin (Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • An, Hyun Joo (Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Young Hun (Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 김상숙 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구소) ;
  • 박경진 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구소) ;
  • 안현주 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구소) ;
  • 최영훈 (국립원예특작과학원 감귤연구소)
  • Received : 2016.10.27
  • Accepted : 2016.11.28
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

Citrus platymamma hort. ex Tanaka is widely used in traditional Korean medicine because of its medicinal benefits including an anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the flavonoid content and anti-inflammatory activities of C. platymamma during its harvest period. Fruit peel samples were obtained between September 2015 and February 2016. The results indicate that C. platymamma peel extract (CPE) was an effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of CPE at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration included dose-dependent decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. In addition, CPE decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. The highest anti-inflammatory activity and flavonoid content were observed in CPE of C. platymamma peel harvested during the immature fruit period in September. Further, to assess the suitability of CPE for cosmetic use, we performed MTT assays using HaCaT keratinocytes and observed that CPE did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. To test the potential application of CPE as a cosmetic material, we also performed primary skin irritation tests on normal skin of 30 volunteers and no adverse reactions were observed. The results of this study indicate that CPE may be considered as an anti-inflammatory candidate for inclusion in cosmetic materials.

시기별 병귤 추출물의 항산화 활성은 시기적으로 미숙과 시기인 9월에 가장 높았으며, 이 시기에 총 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높았다. 특히 rutin, hesperidin, nobiletin의 함량이 높았으며, 이는 항염 활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨진다. 항염 활성에서는 NO의 생성을 억제하였으며 염증성 cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성 억제 활성이 가장 높았다. 또한 NO 생성을 억제하는 단백질로 알려진 iNOS 단백질의 발현 역시 억제하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 항염 활성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는 nobiletin 함량의 경우 12월에 70%이상 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 시기별 플라보노이드 함량 분석결과는 병귤을 천연 소재로 활용하기 위한 수확시기를 확립할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

Keywords

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