The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Effect of Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 on Growth Promotion and Alleviation of Heat and Drought Stresses in Chinese Cabbage

  • Shin, Da Jeong (Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoo, Sung-Je (Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Jeum Kyu (Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech)) ;
  • Weon, Hang-Yeon (Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Jaekyeong (Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sang, Mee Kyung (Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2018.08.09
  • Accepted : 2018.12.18
  • Published : 2019.04.01
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Abstract

Plants are exposed to biotic stresses caused by pathogen attack and complex abiotic stresses including heat and drought by dynamic climate changes. To alleviate these stresses, we investigated two bacterial stains, H26-2 and H30-3 in two cultivars ('Ryeokkwang' and 'Buram-3-ho') of Chinese cabbage in plastic pots in a greenhouse. We evaluated effects of bacterial strains on plant growth-promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses; the role of exopolysaccharides as one of bacterial determinants on alleviating stresses; biocontrol activity against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PCC21. Strains H26-2 and H30-3 significantly increased fresh weights compared to a $MgSO_4$ solution; reduced leaf wilting and promoted recovery after re-watering under heat and drought stresses. Chinese cabbages treated with H26-2 and H30-3 increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced stomatal opening after stresses treatments, in addition, these strains stably colonized and maintained their populations in rhizosphere during heat and drought stresses. As well as tested bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides (EPS) of H30-3 could be one of bacterial determinants for alleviation of tested stresses in Chinese cabbages, however, the effects were different to cultivars of Chinese cabbages. In addition to bacterial activity to abiotic stresses, H30-3 could suppress incidence (%) of soft rot in 'Buram-3-ho'. The tested strains were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Taken together, H26-2 and H30-3 could be candidates for both plant growth promotion and mitigation of heat and drought stresses in Chinese cabbage.

Keywords

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Fig. 3. A phylogenetic tree performed by the neighbor-joining method showing the relationship of Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and Bacillus siamensis H30-3 with other species of the genus Bacillus based on 16S rRNA sequences analysis. Numbers at the blanching points are the bootstrap values (> 50%) for 1,000 replicates. A scale bar indicates 5 nucleotide substitutions per 1000 nucleotides of the sequence. Strains H26-2 and H30-3 are shown in bold type. T, type strain.

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Fig. 1. (A) Growth promotion by Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and Bacillus siamensis H30-3 compared to 10 mM MgSO4 solution (control) in Chinese cabbage (‘Ryeokkwang’ and ‘Buram-3-ho’) under non-stress condition; (B) Leaf wilting score (0-5) under heat and drought conditions; (C) fresh weight after rewatering of Chinese cabbages (‘Ryeokkwang’ and ‘Buram-3-ho’). Plants were treated with bacterial strains H26-2 and H30-3, or 10 mM MgSO4 solution (untreated control), one week later, heat and drought stresses were treated; Twenty-four h after end of stress treatment, fresh weight were assessed. Error bars indicate the standard errors of 20 replications from two experiments. An asterisk on bars with standard errors indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences between treatments according to the least significant difference test.

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Fig. 2. (A) Abscisic acid (ABA) contents and (B) stomatal opening (%) in leaves of Chinese cabbages (‘Ryeokkwang’ and ‘Buram-3-ho’) at 24 h after heat and drought stresses treatment. Plants were drenched with strain H26-2 and H30-3, and 10mM MgSO4 solution as untreated control, one week later, heat and drought stresses were performed. Error bars indicate the standard errors of eight (for ABA contents) or 16 (for stomatal opening) replications from two experiments. An asterisk on bars with error bars indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences between treatments according to the least significant difference test.

Table 1. Bacterial colonization in rhizosphere soils of Chinese cabbages treated with spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutants, H26-2 Rif and H30-3 Rif under normal and stressed conditions

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Table 2. Effect of exopolysaccharides of H26-2 and H30-3 on cotyledon greening (%) and number of lateral roots after germination in plate assay, and fresh weight and leaf wilting score in Chinese cabbage under non-stressed or heat and drought stressed conditions

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Table 3. Biocontrol activity of tested bacterial strains against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PCC21 in two cultivars of Chinese cabbages

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