Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to regular walking exercise in the elderly using KNHNES data. Method: The study subjects, a total of 1437 adults over age 65, were classified into two groups based on their type of walking exercise: regular walking exercise group or irregular walking exercise group. The study variables were measured using scale physiological function, mental health status, chronic disease and quality of life. Results: The data was analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, and logistic regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. The factors related to regular walking exercise were male (OR=0.628, 95%CI=0.503-0.783), subjective health state (OR=0.832, 95%CI=0.751-0.921), thoughts of suicide (OR=0.753, 95%CI=0.586-0.967), hypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR=0.742, 95%CI=0.591-0.930), and stroke (OR=0.604, 95%CI=0.366-0.997). Conclusion: The findings indicate that regular walking exercise in the elderly is related to physiological function, mental health status, and chronic disease. Therefore, providing for the education and awareness of health promotion for the elderly will may improve the quality of life in old age.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify a conceptual link between role conflict, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, with a specific examination on how job satisfaction mediated the relationship between role conflict and organizational commitment, among community healthcare workers. Methods: Participants were 119 community healthcare workers of the Seoul Preventive Project for Metabolic Syndrome at 15 community health centers. Descriptive analysis, correlations analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of our data. Additionally, Sobel's test was used to verify the significance of the mediating effect. Results: An inverse association between role conflict and organizational commitment was found (beta=-0.53, p<.001). This relationship was fully mediated by job satisfaction (z=-6.43, p<.001). Conclusion: Job satisfaction mediates the effects of role conflict on the organizational commitment of healthcare workers in community health centers. Strategies for improving the components of job satisfaction are needed to achieve better outcomes in organizational commitment in the Seoul Preventive Project for Metabolic Syndrome and possibly other work settings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its affecting factors among a community dwelling population aged 50 and over in Korea. Methods: A total of 2,640 subjects from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. Results: The prevalence of osteoarthritis was found to be 14.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that osteoarthritis was more prevalent as people became older; in females; in people who graduated elementary school and had never educated as compared to those who graduated college; people without home ownership as compared to those with home ownership; in people with higher waist circumferences compared to those with normal waist circumference; in people who performed moderate intensity physical activity as compared to those who did not perform those physical activity. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its affecting factors, promoting the screening and prevention strategies for the aged 50 and over population in Korea.

Purpose: To describe nursing students' perceptions of their experiences on the home visiting simulation in community health nursing practicum. Methods: Descriptive survey method was used to evaluate students' experiences from the home visiting simulation. Results: The simulation was divided into three sections: orientation, facilitating the scenario and debriefing. The orientation was held for fifteen minutes, and four sessions of the simulation were implemented for 180 minutes. Sixty-one nursing students participated (91.8% female) and the mean age was $21.4{\pm}2.4$ years. No one had prior simulation experiences. Participants experienced reflective thinking during the scenario implementation and debriefing session. They perceived the home visiting simulation as an active learning and realistic training environment. However, participants expressed difficulties in focusing on the simulation when their peers played a patient role. In addition, peer patient role-players expressed the role burden. Conclusion: The home visiting simulation is a feasible and effective method for attaining goals a community health nursing clinical course for students. It can be used as a part of an orientation before the clinical rotation or as an evaluation after the clinical rotation. To provide a realism, we recommend using standardized patients. And further research on the effects of using standardized patients is recommended.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the effects of an empowerment program. Method: We developed an 8-week empowerment program to decrease cancer symptoms and increase self-efficacy, self-esteem, and empowerment. This program includes aspects concerning self-knowledge and management, self-help groups, self-advocacy, resource network, and laughter therapy. We evaluated the effects of this program on 32 home-based cancer patients (one group pretest-posttest design). The data collection was performed from August 22, 2011 to October 13, 2011. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Result: There were significant differences in self-esteem derived from the empowerment program. However, there were no significant differences in cancer symptoms, self-efficacy, and empowerment after the program. Conclusion: More research, using a control group pretest-posttest design that considers an appropriate intervention duration, is needed to more accurately examine the effects of the program. We expect this intervention to improve the empowerment of home-based cancer patients.

Purpose: This study investigated general, psychological, and health-related factors related to subjective health status reported from adolescents in multicultural families. Methods: Data from the seventh Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2001), collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control, was statistically analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average points reported for subjective health status was 3.73(SD=0.87)out of 5 points. A major factor accounting for differences in the subjective health status reported was gender. In addition key differences related to psychological and health-related factors were cognition of stress, satisfaction with sleep amount, and moderate physical exercise. Conclusion: The findings suggest that tailored intervention programs should be provided to prevent adolescent problems in multicultural families. We also recommend the development of a program that can help control the variables identified in this study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of sleep quality and its associated factors in adults. Methods: The data was collected from 986 adults aged 19 to 64 by convenience sampling. Subjects completed a questionnaire composed of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory, and other questions that self-rated health and sociodemographic variables. Statistical methods used included descriptive statistics, simple logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The global PSQI score was 5.7. About 45% of the subjects were poor sleepers (global PSQI score >5). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that factors significantly associated with sleep quality were depression and poor self-rated health in young and middle-aged adults. Depression was the most significant associated factor. The presence of a spouse was also associated with sleep quality in young adults. Conclusion: These findings suggest that people with poor sleep quality should have their health carefully screened for depression. In addition, we recommend the development of a nursing program for improving sleep quality.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and factors related to falls occurring among the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The subjects were 299 community-dwelling-elderly in Jeju Province. Data were collected via in-person interviews by five visiting nurses in October, 2012. Fall risk assessment tools developed by the CDC, K-ADL, HDS-K, and GDS were used for data collection. Results: A significant number of subjects (34.1%) had experienced a fall at least once within the last six months. Living arrangements, strokes, urinary incontinence, main daily activities, and depression were significant factors related to these falls. Other risk factors included heavy use of medications, difficulties in walking and standing, needing arms to stand up from a chair, and hearing loss. Conclusion: The results reveal critical factors related to falls among the community-dwelling elderly. These information should be used to develop and implement fall prevention programs in communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a weight loss program administered through a smart phone application on body composition and obesity in adolescents. Methods: This study applied a 6-week weight loss program with dietary education, exercise therapy, and behavior modification therapy from 4 June 2012 to 20 July 2012. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: After the 6-week program, the average weight of the subjects was reduced from 75.96kg to 74.41kg (Z=$-3.994^p$, p<.001), while the body mass index (BMI) decreased from 29.23 to 28.60 (Z=$-3.980^p$, p<.001), and the obesity index decreased from 38.45% to 35.59% (Z=$-3.977^p$, p<.001). The percentage of body fat decreased from 32.45 to 31.92 (Z=$-3.947^p$, p<.001), and the rate of skeletal muscle growth increased from 26.06% to 26.58% (Z=$-3.822^p$, p<.001). Conclusion: A weight loss program using a SNS (social network service) application, with dietary education, exercise therapy, and behavior modification therapy can reduce obesity and impact body composition in a short-term. Therefore, the utilization of the SNS application can be used to effectively enhance the management of adolescent obesity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of suicidal risk, meaning in life, and life respect in various ages of patients and identify factors influencing their life respect. Method: The participants were 229 patients in a public hospital who completed questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test, and multiple regression. Results: There was a negative correlation between the meaning of life and life respect in the old age group (r=-.23, p=.02) and all subjects (r=-.14, p=.01) after controlling for age. Factors significantly influencing life respect were gender (${\beta}$=0.11, p=.050) and educational status (${\beta}$=-0.17, p=.022), and the multiple regression model explained 16.7% of the variance in all subjects (p<.001). In the early adulthood group, factors significantly influencing the life respect were gender (${\beta}$=0.18, p<.001) and suicidal thoughts (${\beta}$=0.21, p=.028), and the multiple regression model explained 6.8% of variance in all subjects (p=.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that suicidal prevention and educational programs for increasing an appreciation of life should consider subject's characteristics, such as gender and educational status.

Purpose: This study examine the relationships retirement plans, perception of successful aging and attitude toward retirement nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study 200 nurses at two hospitals in C City. The data collection period from Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, 2011. Results: The degree of retirement significant according to age, marital status, education level, dependent, duration of employment, shift, department, annual salary. he degree of economic retirement plan showed significant differences according to age, marital status, education level, dependent home, duration of employment, department, annual salary. he degree of physical retirement plan showed statistically significant differences according to age, marital status, dependent, department. The degree of emotional retirement plan showed significant differences according to age, department. Conclusion: mprove the retirement of clinical nurse, we need a systematic based on physical and mental health.

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the relationships among job stress, nursing performance, and retention intention of clinical nurse. Methods: Data was collected at a hospitals located in Seoul, from October 19 to October 26 in 2010. Total subjects were 270. Data was analyzed by PASW 18.0 program. Results: Job stress of the subjects was 3.69(0.43). Nursing performance of the subjects was 3.69(0.45). Retention intention of the subjects was 3.21(0.78). Job stress and nursing performance were correlated positively (r=0.276, p<0.001). Nursing performance and retention intension were correlated positively (r=0.151, p=0.05). But job stress were correlated with nursing performance negatively (r=-0.127, p=0.05). Conclusion: According to increasing the nursing performance and decreasing the job stress, retention intension of clinical nurse is increased. We suggest a new study on mediation effect by nursing performance on retention intention and to predict factors on retention intension.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between physical activity, health status, and quality of life (QOL) of University students. Methods: The research design was based on a descriptive research design model. This study sample consisted of 183 K University students in D city. Data was collected from December 2012 to January 2013 and analyzed with descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Pearson's correlation analysis) using SPSS 19.0. Subjects completed questionnaires on their demographics, physical activity, health status, and QOL. Results: The overall physical activity of participants was $2529.40{\pm}5057.896$ min/week on average. The average health status was $28.66{\pm}6.3$ and the average physical health and mental health were $16.45{\pm}3.955$ and $12.31{\pm}3.446$, respectively. The overall degree of QOL was $3.429{\pm}0.379$. A positive relationship existed between moderate and vigorous activity and health status. In addition, QOL positively correlated with physical health (under health status). However, physical activity was not related with both mental health (under health status) and QOL. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, health educational programs are needed to promote sufficient physical activity in university students.

Purpose: To survey the social distance of nursing students toward minority groups (immigrants, foreign workers, Saeteomins, and foreign students) and compare them according to general and multicultural characteristics. Methods: The subjects were 409 students from two nursing schools at G metropolitan city. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires from April 2012 to June 2012, and analyzed by descriptive statistics (t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test) using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores of social distance were $1.90{\pm}0.57$ (out of 4 points) and scores significantly differed according to religion (t=3.095, p=.002), tourist experiences in foreign countries (t=-2.651, p=.008), and for Asian background of minority groups. There were also differences according to the number of foreign friends(F=4.924, p=.008) and duration of friendships(F=3.913, p=.021). Conclusion: The level of social distance of nursing students was lower than average but needs to be reduced. We suggest further studies on the social distance toward each minority group and the development of valid scales for social distance and its related variables.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a brown rice and vegetable dietary program on the defecation conditions and health status of high school students. Method: A non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 62 students (28 in the intervention group, 34 in the control group) who voluntarily participated in the study. The program was conducted from April 6, 2012 to July 3, 2012 at two high schools in Daegu city. During that time, two meals a day were supplied to the experimental group. Data on defecation condition and health status was collected using self-questionnaires. Results: After 12 weeks, students in the intervention group had a significantly better defecation condition than students in the control group. Students in the intervention group also had a significantly higher health status than students in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a brown rice and vegetable dietary program improves the defecation condition and health status of high school students. Therefore, the development and study of nursing intervention and public health education program about brown rice as well as vegetable and fresh fruit consumption are necessary for these subjects.

Purpose: To survey relationships between health literacy, disease-related knowledge and compliance to medical recommendations in patients with hypertension. Methods: The subjects were 315 patients conveniently selected from public health centers in Gangwon province. Data were collected through a questionnaire (from January 10, 2013 to February 10, 2013) and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the PASW statistics 18.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in health literacy according to age, marital status, monthly family income and education. In regard to disease-related knowledge, there were significant differences according to gender, marital status and monthly family income. There were positive correlations between health literacy and disease-related knowledge (r = .39, p = <.001), disease-related knowledge and compliance to medical recommendations (r = .28, p = <.001). However, there was no correlation between health literacy and compliance to medical recommendations. Conclusion: Health literacy and disease-related knowledge have a significantly positive correlation. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of health literacy on chronic diseases.