Restoration behavior of folded Korea bank note was studied. The variables were folding radii (0.5, 1, 3, 5. 7, 9 mm) and folding time. Initially, bank note was completely folded to make $180^{\circ}$ against predetermined radius panel, and restored angles were measured according to allowed restoration time. We found as folding radius was smaller and as folding time was longer, restoration speed of folding angle became slower and the amount of final restoration was smaller, respectively. Initial restoration angles were related to the elastic moduli of the bank notes, and final restoration angles were inversely related to the TEA of the bank notes, respectively.

A simple method of on-line stiffness measurement using the wrinkling behavior of paper web between rollers was presented. The theory and calculating equation were presented, and lab experiment was executed. We called the stiffness measured by Taber tester as 'Taber stiffness', and by tension wrinkling measurement as 'wrinkle stiffness', respectively, for comparison. Lab experimental results showed Taber and wrinkle stiffness are almost equivalent. We expect this method will work porperly for the on-line measurement of paper stiffness in near future.

본 논문은 내구성(durability) 및 내오염성(soiling resistance)이 매우 중요한 성질로 인식되는 유통지의 평가방법을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 즉, 종이의 내구성 및 내오염성의 측정 및 평가에 있어서, 재현성 및 반복성이 우수하고 합리적인 측정방법 및 평가방법을 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 연구목적에 적합한 시료의 준비, 오염물의 조성, 실험장치 및 실험후의 타당한 평가방법 등에 대하여 선행 연구결과를 고찰하였다. 기존 방법의 수정과 새로운 장치의 제작 및 평가방법의 설정을 통해 재현성이 높은 평가방법을 정립하고자 하였다. 유통지의 내구성을 평가하는 방법으로는 습식, 내오염성, 건식 내오염성, 구김기공도, 내세탁성, 잉크 내마모도 등의 항목을 측정하여 개별항목으로 내구성을 가늠하거나, 몇가지항목에 각기 다른 가중치를 부여하여 구한 내구성 지수(durability index)의 개념으로 내구성을 평가하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 내구성에 영향하는 요소로 강도적 성질요소(strength property value)와 내오염성 요소(artificial soiling value)로 구분하였다. 강도적 성질요소에서는 전통적으로 내구성과 관련이 깊은 것으로 인식되어 온 내절도(folding endurance), 인열강도(tearing resistance) 및 구김기공도(crumpled porosity)를 인쇄하기 전 용지상태에서 측정하여 4:4:2의 가중치를 주어 구하였다. 내오염성 요소는 국가별 기후특성에 따라 연평균 상대습도가 60% 이상인 경우 인쇄 시료를 대상으로하여 습식 내오염성, 건식 내오염성 및 내석검성을 평가한 후 6:3:1의 가중치를 주어 구하였다. 또한 연평균 60% 미만인 국가의 경우 3:6:1의 가중치를 부여하였다. 이렇게 구해진 강도적 성질요소와 내오염성 요소에 있어 강도적 성질요소는 궁극적으로 내오염성 요소에 영향하기 때문에 3:7의 비율로 가중치를 부여하여 최종적으로 내구성 지수를 구하였다. 이때의 점수가 60점 이상이면 내구성 용지로 정의하였다. 본 논문에서는 현장실험을 통하여 시제품을 제조하였다. 상기 설명된 방법으로 내구성 지수를 구한 결과, 일반 유통지 제조방법으로 제조한 경우 내구성 지수가 약 45점이었다. 반면, 새로 개발된 방법에 의한 고내구성용지(durability paper)의 경우 70점 이상을 나타내어 내구성이 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

As the demands of environment protection increase, the pulp mold container is developed to substitute for the plastic cushion materials like EPS(expanded poly styrene). The water-absorbing ratio, tensile strength and compressive strength of pulp mold are important factors to evaluate its shock absorbing characteristics. The study was performed to investigate the effects of the mechanical property changes on the various conditions of temperature and relative humidity for pulp mold containers made of mixed materials on ONP(old newspaper) and OCC(old corrugated container). This study also is evaluated the optimized mixing ratio of materials for making pulp mold by analyzing the changes of physical properties according to a various procured temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results show that the water absorption ratio of sample increased significantly, and tensile strength decreased $20{\sim}30%$, compressive strength decreased $10{\sim}20%$ by increasing relative humidity condition. And the results show that the ONP 50% and OCC 50% was optimized mixing ratio according to the samples.

To investigate the dying properties of the extracts from different parts of Neolitsea sericea Koidz on Hanji, the dye materials were prepared from the extraction methods using $1{\ell}$ of hot water and alkaline solution with 40 g of leaves, bark, and wood each. K/S values and H (V/C) values of the Hanji dyed at different pH, temperature, time, and concentration of extract were determined using a spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the dyed Hanji was 400 nm. From the analyzed data, the optimum dying conditions were pH 5 of dying solution, $70^{\circ}C$ of dying temperature, 40 minutes of dying time, and 100% of dye concentration. The color of dyed Hanji was Y to YR and color R- and RP-type could also be formed from the different treatment conditions. From the dyeing using mordants, amount of the bound dye materials was high in the pre-mordanted Hanji and in Hanji treated with extracts from the leaves. Also, the amount of the bound dye materials in the pre-mordanted Hanji was higher when aluminum and iron mordant was used rather than other mordants. Not likely with this, amount of the bound dye materials in the post-mordanted Hanji was higher when copper mordant was used. In color, Hanji treated extracts from the leaves appeared as Y-type and ones treated with extracts from bark and wood showed YR-type.

The purpose of this study is to make a functional Hanji treated with an oriental lacquer which has various functionalities. The raw oriental lacquer produced in China was used in this study This lacquer was diluted with ethanol and terpene in different solvent ratios. The diluted lacquer in the solvents had two layers. The upper layer was solvent soluble and the lower contained precipitates. Hanji was treated with the solvent solubles and the mixture containing precipitates, and then properties of the Hanji were evaluated. The oriental lacquer consisted of 25.04% of water, 60% of urushiol, 3.13% of nitrogen-containing compounds, and 5.66% of gum. The pH of oriental lacquer was 5.3 and the viscosity was 1680 cP. The average weight, thickness, and density of Hanji treated with oriental lacquer tended to gradually decreased as the lower concentration of lacquer was used and as the solvent soluble was treated. Tensile strength of the treated Hanji decreased when the diluted lacquer was used and Hanji treated with terpene dilutes at the ratio of lacquer to solvent of 1:5 (v/v) showed higher tensile strength than ones treated with ethanol dilutes. The folding endurance decreased as the less concentrated lacquer was used and the highest value was obtained when 1:40 (v/v) of lacquer to solvent ratio in both ethanol and terpene mixture. Absorption ratio was higher in the Hanji treated with ethanol mixture, treated with the lacquer in higher concentration, and treated with ethanol mixture. Hanji treated with ethanol dilutes at 1:20 (v/v) and the lower ratio of lacquer to solvent showed a hydrophobic property. Amount of the bound dye materials tended to be decreasing as the concentration of lacquer becomes lower and it was higher in Hanji treated with ethanol mixture than with terpene mixture. Color of Hanji treated with the solvent diluted mixture was Y to YR-type, whereas that of Hanji treated with raw oriental lacquer was Y-type, terpene