Three major domestic softwoods, Korean red pine, Korean pine and larch, were heat-treated at $220^{\circ}C$ and for various treatment times for color changing. A new heat treatment equipment was developed for this study and was revealed working well for changing the colors of the three softwoods. The color difference index of 15 was obtained after 8 hours for Korean red pine and Korean pine, and 10 hours for Larch. The correlations of brightness, redness and yellowness with treatment time were different between species.

This Study has been conducted with many concerns about various teaching methods that attainable the substantial learning process of practical affair system in order to cope with the rapidly changing situation of the times and the educational environment in the field of design. Design Process Studying Method which utilizes 'Story Telling' as the process where the whole learning is achievable, in accordance with the educational target of the creative professional technician training that complies with the requirement of the times, and by progress of the integrated structure dividing as 1, 2, 3 stages, it doubles various studying effect, and it enables to expect the connection studying effect with other study-subject. Since the process of such program induces the positive participation of the student, it was known that a superior interchange of information is attainable, and due to its enthusiasm and interest on the study, the participating rate for study was appeared very highly.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the water repellents' treatment on the water absorptivity and the dimensional stability of Korean red pine wood(Pinus densiflora). The alkylketene dimer(AKD), fluororesin emulsion(Wood-seal, WS), and paraffin wax emulsions(PW25, PW40, and PW1200) were used as water repellents. PW40 and WS were proved as excellent water repellents for pine wood, because the samples treated with these agents showed high contact angles and large reduction in water absorptivities. Also, the dimensional stability(antiswelling efficiency) of pine wood was considerably improved by water repellents treatments, such as PW40 and WS at the pressure of 2MPa. The water repellent treated woods with WS, PW40, and PW1200 at the pressure of 2MPa were relatively stable to the wet-dry cyclic leaching test.

The historian called Peter Burger divided it into historical avant-garde before and after the first World War (Dadaism, Futurist, Geometric Abstract, etc.) and Neo- avant-garde during the period of forming social foundation that would be ready to accept new forms of art in the USA, the center of capitalism, after the 2nd World War such as pop art and conceptual art including the then emerging avant-garde minimal art. Meanwhile, he interpreted that Neo- avant-garde succeeded the spirit of historical avant-garde. For modem furniture, the avant-garde terminologies are discussed from the aspect of epistemology or symbolism. On the other hand, they would be exclusively used for advertising slogans, however, it is considered as difficult due to vague terms or their characteristics. This study relates the points of historians such as Peter Burger for theoretical proposal and Richard Kostelanetz's point for formal issues, and contracts and arranges the avant-garde terminologies and its characteristics to the meaning of "getting out of the present decadent trend - aiming for future", "transcending the present aesthetic custom - renovation" and "violating the rules already established in the process of entering new areas - freshness of unfairness". The study was meaningful in providing fundamental clues based on the historical discussion and artists for Neo- avant-garde in the 1960s, that is, the mainstream of design at the end of the 20th century in the period when an avant-garde oriented alternative in the 21st century design has been sincerely required overflowed with the fin de siecle phenomenon.

In order to occupy educational furniture market that grows by the day and to meet demands for alternative product for the current market, this study took business features and productivity of Sinil Furniture Co into consideration, and developed computer desk for education by group, which is new among educational furniture. The scope of the study ranges from data research based on design process into creation of prototype. By improving the condition where, despite that electrically-powered computer desk for anti-theft system is high priced, it sees frequent malfunction, the study suggested low-priced, non- electrically-powered anti-theft system which has more solid structure. Furthermore, in order for the user to be more free and comfortable while studying on it, it differentiates from other products by locating PC main body to the back of the monitor and lowering it below the altitude of monitor to prevent it from interfering with studies. We've made the higher board of the desk in a soft curved-shape in order to lessen the stress from studying. And as space for the monitor's lower mount was decreased, we've put the lower mount below the higher board; so that lacking space can be recovered while functioning as anti-theft system. Moreover, we've covered the PC main body with steel cover so that it would add color and formal luxuriousness to the appearance of the desk. Considering ease of mobility and productivity, knock-down system was introduced.

This study intended to develop wellbeing flowerpots on desk which could create a healthy atmosphere in an office and raise people to joy. The pots developed by Blooming company emphasized a design as touching people's emotion through the organic design of the streamline which is different from the geometric line of the flowerpots manufactured by the company as focusing the design on the utility before. As a result, the pots derived from the organic design concepts could provide happiness or joy to the people, and would be a necessity on the narrow desk along with books or writing materials while working. Therefore, the beautifully streamlined pots are expected to compete with European market as the foreign buyers had a great interest in them at the Fair held in Hong-kong at the end of April, 2008.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of internal holes on the bending strength of PB. The diameters of holes are 0mm to 13mm. The locations of holes are 1/8 to 4/5 point horizontally from sample end and are 1/5 to 4/5 vertically from sample surface, the numbers of holes are 1 to 4 pcs. In the size of internal holes, the bending strengths of PB were decreased significantly with the increase of diameter of holes, and the relationship between diameters(D) of holes and bending strength (${\sigma}_b$) of PB was ${\sigma}_b=-11D+168.8$ ($r^2=-0.99^{**}$). The effects of hole-locations and hole-numbers on the bending strengths of PB were large. and so they should be considered as major factors for the jointing design of PB.

Kangrung is a royal tomb for King Myoungjong and his wife, Queen Jeongsun. According the record, Myoungjong died on 1567 and was buried in the present location at Gongrungdong, Nowonku, Seoul. During the 2006 repair for the Jeongjagak (memorial hall) and Bigak (tombs' house) of Kangrung, a dendrochronological analysis had been conducted. We took 79 samples, 74 from Jeongjagak and 5 from Bigak, respectively, for dating. There were three major cutting groups, i.e., 1692-1694, 1737, and 1859-1861. The first group was well matched with the date of reconstruction, which was written on the 'Sangryangmun', a formal record about building activities. The tree-ring results confirmed that the present buildings of Jeongjagak and Bigak in Kangrung were reconstructed in 1695. The second and third cutting groups indicated major repairs in Bigak.