I would like to state my own opinion on arthralgia syndrome(痺病) through the literatural studies. First of all, arthralgia symdrome(痺病) must be classified into six type basically, which are migratory arthralgia(痺病(行痺)), arthritis of heat type(濕痺), arthritis due to blood stasis(瘀血痺) and deficient rheumatism(虛痺), and then could be considered to try the compound names of arthralgia syndrome. These can come from according to the rise and decline of causes in wind(風), cold(寒), damp(濕), heat(熱), blood stasis(瘀血) and qi-blood(氣血). For example, it would be possible to apply the wind-dampness rheymatism(風濕痺) of damp-heat rheumatism(濕熱痺) in terminology of arthralgia syndrome(痺病). As rheumatoid arthritis(歷節風), rheumatoid arthritis like white tiger bite (白虎歷節風) and gout (痛風) not to mean the gout in western medicine have been announced a kind of arthralgia syndromes(痺病) by many doctors since Ming dynasty(明代) and proved it to be true, it is reasonabie not to try it any longer. And tingling and deficiency of sensation(廢木 不仁) is a symptome showing the decline of muscle power including mainly the abnormal sensation of skin, it would be recommended to be classified into fliaccidity syndrome(?痺). And then the names rheumatism invoiving lendon and ligament(筋痺), rheumatism involving blood vessels(脈痺), rheumatism involving muscle(肌痺), numbness of skin (皮痺) and rheumatism involving bone(骨痺), which have been used as the classification title with the season be received bad-qi(邪氣), must be classlfied to the location appearing aymptomes. Though obstruction of the liver-qi(肝痺), obstruction of the heart-qi(心痺), stagnation of the spleen-qi(脾痺), stagnation of the lung-qi(肺痺), stagnation of the kidney-qi(腎痺) and dysfunction of the bladder(胞痺) that used visceral and bladder name, that stated a kind of arthralgia syndrome(痺病), but it must be classified into a different diseases from arthragia syndrome.

The female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome is a disease which the oriental people better than the western people suffer from and if it would be sick for a long time, it could bring into the other diseases. In the Oriental Medicine, the coldness is regarded as one of the most important causes which induce female's diseases. Nowadays the number of the female patients are ascending that serously appeal the coldness-sense and pain-sense at the particular part of the body, for example, hand, foot, abdomen, waist, external genital portion and so on. These are caused by female's own characteristics of the menstration and delivery, and the influence of the circumstances. The Oriental Medicine have better effects by the diagnosis and treatment according per symptom in the contrast with the Western Medicine having difficulties in the point of accurate diagnosis and treatment. This epidemiologic study was undertaken by using specifically designed questionair and physical examination to evaluate the incidence and degree of female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome in 362 parous women, Who were randomly selected among the patients visiting the Department of Gynecology, Kyung Hee Medical Center from Feb. to Jul. 1995. The results were as follows: 1. The overall incident of female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome was 92.8%. 2. Subdivision of 336 patients was made according to severity Grade I - 31.9%, severity Grade II - 46.9%, severity Grade III - 21.4%. 3. As for the appealed portion of female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome, foot and hand, lower abdomen, knee, waist, hip, shoulder, leg, and ankle were in desending order. 4. As for the causes of female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome, it was deeply associated with the management of the abortion, delivery and puerperium. 5. The incidence of female's part-cold hypersensitivity syndrome did not show incerased tenency according to the quantity and quality of female's menstration, leukorrhea, and the increase of parity. 6. 165 patients among 336 patients wanted the treatments of the Oriental Medicine.

Acupuncture is so effective and simple to use in the pain and dysfunction syndrome of TMD. Acupuncture treatment is a point-specific. So, the selection of acupuncture point is very important. According to the traditional meridian theory, we select the points; local points around TMJ and mastication muscles(ST6, ST7, GB20, GB21) and remote point(LI4). And if there is another pain, one or two other points are added. Both neural and humoral mechanism play an important role in acupuncture analgesia. The discovery of spinal gate mechanisms shows somatic stimulation can induce pain inhibition. Humoral mechanism has been established from the discovery of opioid receptors and endogenous opioids. Acupuncture induces a relaxation in the patient, which further decreases the muscle tension.

To find the cause, pathology, oriental presciptions for SLE(systemic lupus erythematous) in the field of oriental medicine, we studied the clinical reports. The results were obtained as follows: 1. SLE can' be thought to be a category of chronic fatigue, numbness, yang poison' & erythema. 2. The chief cause of SLE could be a febrile poison and the lack of physiological fluid and the mechanism was that febrile poison attacted area of circulation and blood and injuried the physiological fluid to arise edema and clotted blood. 3. The therapy of SLE was chiefly clarifying heat and toxiciding in acute stage while reinforcing kidney and liver and supplementing Yin & clarifying in chronic stage, sometimes supplementing Qi, eliminating clotted blood, excuding wind and draining water could be applied. 4. The therapy for SLE nephritis was shown to be increasing yin and clarifying heat with toxiciding, reinforcing spleen and kidney, draining water, supplementing yin & Qi etc. The chief prescriptions were Seogakjihwangtang(犀角地黃湯), Wookakjihwangtang(牛角地黃湯), yeechihwan(二至丸), Daepowonjeon(大補元煎), Daepoeumhwan(大補陰煎), Kikukjihwangtang(杞菊地黃湯), Yookmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯) which indicates Rhemanniae radix added prescrition could be used chiefly for the treatment of SLE.

To be helpful to the treatment of pulmonary cancer with oriental medicine, we got clinical reports together and analyzed the data. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The treating methods could be summarized as three methods that were reinforcing vital energy, eliminating harmful Qi, and reinforcing vital energy with eliminating harmful Qi. The methods of reinforcing vital energy were supplementing Qi & Yin, increasing pahological heat & reinforcing kidney, augmenting Qi & blood, supplementing vital energy and strengthening fundermental energy, reinforcing spleen and increasing Qi, lubricate Yin and lung, and the other methods of eliminating harmful Qi were transforming pathological fluid and softening, clarifying heat and eliminating poison, dipersing lung and softening, toxicding and softening, guiding Qi and activating blood, clarifying heat and dispersing lung, guiding Qi and counteracting stress etc., and the methods of supplementing vital energy with eliminating poison were reinforcing spleen and transforming pathological fluid, increasing Qi and activating blood, supplementing Yin and clarifying heat, reinforcing spleen and dry the dampness, lubricating lung and transforming patholigical fluid and supplementing Qi and activating blood. 2. The oriental prescriptions used for pulmonary cancer were Chunkeum-Weekyungtang & Sohamhwingtang, Jinhayookgunjatang, Hyulboochukeotang, Bokbangkyogonamtang was reported to be effective in the treatment of metastasis. 3. Bokbangshinjingtang and haewool were applied for the complications of pulmonary cancer, Soshihotang for fever, hangamryung for tumor pain. Prunus ansu Komarov, Eriobotrya japonica Lirdley, Pyrrosiae lingua Farwel, Steomon japonica Miguel, Maximowiczia chinensis Ruprecht var, Morus bombycis Koidzumi for cough, Panax Pseudo-ginseng Wall. var, Bletilla striata Reichenbach f., Acacia catechu(兒茶) for hemoptysis, Lonicerae flos, Aspongopus chinensis(九香蟲) for chest pain, Cypsum Fibrosum, Gazella gutturosa, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gypsophila oldhamiana Miquel for fever, Lepidii semen descurainiae semen, Belamcanda chinensis D.C, Gnaphalium affine(佛耳草) for asthma. 4. For the reduction of side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy it was known that supplementing Qi was used chiefly for side effect of chemotherapy and augmenting Yin applied to side effect of radiotherapy. 5. The oriental presciptions were suggested for the side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ; Sammaekaek(參麥液), Whaebokwontang(化瘀復元湯), Hwangjungomitang(黃精五味湯), Yukmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯), Hyangsayukgunjatang(香砂六君子湯), Samlyeekulsan for side effect by chemotherapy while Geumgweisingiwhan, Hwanglyentang(黃連湯), Hwanglyenhaedoktang(黃連解毒湯), Yangyeunchungpeitang(養陰淸肺湯), Idongtang(二冬湯), Jayeunkanghwatang(滋陰降火湯) for side effect by radiotherapy.

1. The Pung(風) is the necessary power for growth and maintenance of life. 2. The characteristics of the Pung(風) is the Yang evil, the features for opening and excretion, mobility and rapid change. That is the major cause of all diseases, and its mobility is the main character. 3. Jung Pung(中風) is the same concept of apoplexy in Western medicine. 4. Jung Pung(中風) is classified on the basis of pathology, anatomy, and histology in Western Medicine, but In Oriental Medicine that is classified on the basis of symptom and severity of disease. 5. In Western Medicine, Jung Pung(中風) was regarded as the local cause of disease, but in Oriental Medicine regarded as the physiological changes caused by the weakness of the whole body. 6. In the emergency care, the method of GaeKeum is compared to Levin tubing, the method of to the use of urokinase for the promotion of cerebrovascular circulatio, and the method of To(吐法) to suction for the elimination of Dam(痰), the method of Hun(熏法) to the use of solution for the improvement of circulation. 7. With the comparison of the cause and diagnosis, the hemorrhagic disease and infarction were regarded as the major agents in Western Medicine and the symptom appeared in the patient was the standard of diagnosis and therapy in Oriental Medicine. 8. In the Western therapy of cerebral hemorrhage, the method of coagulation and hemostasis was used for the elimination of hematoma and cerebral edema, but in Oriental Medicine, the method of YanghaelGiHael(凉血止血) was used for descending the PungHwa(風火) and hemostasis. 9. In the period of recovering injury, the physical therapy was underlined for the recovering of partial function in Western Medicine, the method of accupuncture and drug therapy was adapted for the normal function of the whole body.

According to the oriental medicine study on G.B.S, we obtained the result as follows : 1. G.B.S was inclined in flacid paralysis and pain and numbness(痺) in oriental medicine. 2. Etiology factors of G.B.S was classified exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. The formers was warmth and heat(濕熱), summer heat and dampness(暑濕), dampness and heat(濕熱), and cool and dampness(寒濕), the latter was the deficiency in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency of Yin(vital essence) in both the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛) the factor of dampness and heat(濕熱) was most numerous. 3. Pathological mechanism of G.B.S was close connected with the five viscera - the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the kidney(腎), the lung(肺) 4. Differentiation of Symptom-Complexes(辨症) in the G.B.S was consumption type of nutrient fluid due to heat symptom in the lung(肺熱傷津), fullness type of dampness and heat(濕熱侵淫), defiency type in both the spleen and the kidney(脾腎不足), deficiency type in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency type in the liver and the kidney(肝腎兩虛) 5. Acupuncture treatment for G.B.S was mainly Yangmoung channels of both the hand and the foot.(手足陽明經)

Object : This study is designed to evaluate the correlation between the data of DITI(Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging)examination and the changes of clinical symptom after the therapy of acupuncture in the patients with herniated cervical intervertebral disc. Content : The conservative therapy with acupuncture was performed during $4{\sim}5$ weeks, The acupuncture points of SI3, B62, TE3, G34, LI4, S36, GV26, G21, SII5 were used. In the pre- and post therapy, DITI examinations were performed in patients who had HIVD and were treated by acupuncture simultaneously, and then tried to correlate the results of clinical symptoms with the difference of thermographic findings at pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture. Setting : The standard routine thermoghaphic examinations were performed with thermography(DITI) in the 15 patients with lumbar disc herniations at pre- and post acupuncture. Patient : Thermographic imaging of 15 cases were analyzed. They has disc herniations in X-ray, CT scan and MRI and they were treated by acupuncture theraphy in our hospital from March, 1994 to January, 1995. Result : 1) The causes were trauma(60%), retention of phlegm and fluid(8.7%) and cold & moisture(33.3%) 2) Levels of herniated cervical disc are C2/3(1 case). C3/4(2 cases), C5/6 & C6/7 (2 cases), C6/7(4 cases), Normal(6 cases). 3) Classifications of thermographic pattern are radiculopathy(80%), spot(13.3%), and nonspecific(6.7%) in order. 4) In evaluation Results of clinical symptom are Excellent(80%), Good(6.7%), and Poor(6.7%). Data of DITI are Excellent(80%), Good(6.7%), Fair(6.7%), and Poor(6.7%). Conclusion ; Acupuncture showed good results over 86.7% in clinical evaluation and 86.7% in DITI. Thermographic examination was valuable in the evaluation of therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment.

The causes and treatment of alopecia are concluded based on the records found successive oriental medicine in order to persuade new treatments for alopecia as following : 1. In the context of modern medical science male-dominated alopecia was referred as dok-rak(禿落), cho-dok(早禿), chon-dok(全禿), pal-ju-tal-bal, chu-bal-sun and pal-sun(髮癬) alternatively, while alopecia areata was refereed as yu-pung(油風), pan-dok(斑禿), kwi-ji-du and kwi-che-du(鬼剃頭). 2. The causes of alopecia is related with condition of Gi(vital energy) and Hyul(blood) in the twelve channels, such as weakening of vital energy in the conduits, condition of internal organs as heat in the lung, weak kidney or liver vitality, and eating habits such as severe ingestion of bitter taste or sweet taste food. Other distinct reasons are penetration of wind and dryness into a head due to weakening Gi and Hyul inside human body, flaring up of the asthenic fire due to excessive eatings, hard labour or psychological sufferings deficiency of blood, deficiency of vital essence of kidney, phlegm caused by dampness and heat, and stagnated blood. 3. According to demonstration of alopecia, the causes of alopecia areata are listed as internal wind due to heat of blood, deficiency of liver and kidney, blookage of channels and collaterals by stagnated blood, and causes of male-dominated alopecia are listed as wind dryness caused by heat of blood, dampness and heat, and heat, wind and dryness due to deficiency of blood.

According to the literature surrey, we summarized the treatment and prescription for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘) and Cardiac Asthma as follows. 1. The aim of treatment for Su-cheam(水喘) is I-Su-Hwa-Daw(利水火痰), Pynng-Cheon-Ick-Qi(平喘益氣) and Mokbangki-tang(木防己湯), Jungryuk daejosapye-tang(亭曆大棗瀉肺湯) Socheong ryong-tang(小靑龍湯), Gagamshinki-hwan(加減腎氣丸) and Shinbi-tang(神秘湯) are often used. 2. The sim of treatment for Hwa-Chean(火喘) is Cheong-Kuem-Kwang-Hwa(淸金降火祛痰) and Backho-tang(白虎湯) and Dodamtang-gamibang(導痰湯加味方) are useful. 3. In Oriental medicine, Sangmak-Sun(生脈散) and Sambutang-gamibang(參附湯加味方) for Ink-Qi-Ryum-Eum(益氣斂陰) and On-Yang-I-Su-Qi(溫湯利水化氣) are often used for cardiac asthma. 4. As the treatment for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘), and cardiac asthma are Similar to, it is supposed to be need of careful differential diagnosis and treatment.

After 45 patients examined as to the result of medical treatment among the ones who came to Dept. of Pain Clinic, Oriental Medical Hospital, Chunju Woosuk University complaining low back pain chiefly from Dec/19/1994 to Feb/7/1995 for 50 days or so were observed clinically, the results were obtained as follows: 1. In duration of the case history, acute stage(37.8%) was the most predominant, and subacute stage(35.6%) and chronic stage(26.7%) were revealed in turn. 2. In opinions of radiation, Spondylosis(26.7%) was the most predominant, Scoliosis(15.6%) and HIVD(11.1%) were revealed in order, and 3 cases were revealed to be negative. 3. In the radiating pain of the lower limb, the radiating pains of the left lower limb were the most predominant and those of the right lower limb and those of both lower limbs were revealed in turn. By the way, 31.1% of patients didn't suffer from the radiating pain of the lower limb. 4. In the grade of the seriousness of subsective symptom, Grade 2(66.7%) was the most predominant, and Grade 3, Grade 4, and Grade 1 followed it in order. 5. In the period of the treatments of medi-acupuncture, 2-5 day treatments(31.1%) were major and 6-10 day treatments(26.7%), 16-20 day treatments(11.1%), 26-30 day treatments(11.1%), over 31 day treatments(11.1%), 11-15 day treatments(4.4%), and 21-25 day treatments(4.4%) followed it by turns. Thus 2-10 day treatments are 57.8% and under 30 day treatments are 57.8% of all. 6. In the frequency of use of each medi-acupuncture, V was most frequency used in 41 cases(91.1%), and 11 cases of HN(24.4%), 8 cases of MOK(17.8%), 4 cases of OK(8.9%), 2 cases of B(4.4%), and a case of I(2.2%) were revealed in turn. 7. In the effect of treatments, 10 cases(22.2%) were excellent, 25 cases(55.6%) were good, 5 cases(11.1%) were fair, and 5 cases(11.1%) were poor. As the result, 88.9% of all changed for the better and all of these were improved within the third trial. 8. The effect of the treatments per durations was 100% in acute stage, 93.8% in subacute stage, and 66.7% in chronic stage. According to that, it was reavealed that the rate of treatments decreased as it came near to the chronic stage. 9. The effect of treatments per radiating pains was 87.5% in the radiating pains of the left lower limb, 81.8% in those of the right lower limb, 100% in those of both lower limbs, and 92.9% in case that patients have no radiating pains. So in the rate of treatments on radiating pains of the lower limbs, the case of both sides or no radiating pains was higher than that of one side. 10. In the effect of treatments per the condition of patients, Grade 4 showed 100% of improvement, Grade 3 showed 90.9% of improvement, Grade 2 showed 86.7% of improvement, and Grade 1 showed 100% of improvement. 11. In the effect of treatments per contents of treatments, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, herb medication therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiothrapy at the same time(Group 1) showed 100% of improvement, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiotherapy simultaneously(Group 2) showed 73.7% of improvement, and the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy at the same time(Group 3) showed 100% of improvement. 12. 2-5 day treatments showed 78.6% of improvement, 6-10 day treatments showed 91.7% of improvement, and over 31 day treatments showed 100% of improvement. As the result, genarally the longer the period of treatment was, the better the effect of treatment was. 13. When only V was used, the rate of treatment was 96.2%. When only HN was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When only MOK was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and HN were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 33.3%. When V and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and OK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, OK, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, MOK, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, OK, and I were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%.

In order to investigate the protective effects of Jiyusaenggan-Tang by F-I(Jiyusaenggan-Tang aspirated by distilled water), F-II(Non-polysaccharides in Jiyusaenggan-Tang) and F-III(Polysaccharides in Jiyusaenggan-Tang), experimental studies were performed in mice with liver injury induced by $CCI_4$, and d-galactosamine. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The increases of the serum GOT activities in mice induced by $CCI_4$ were inhibited significantly by the administration of highly concentrated FIII. The increases of the serum GPT, LDH, and ALP activities in mice induced by $CCI_4$ were inhibited significantly by the administration of highly concentrated FI and FIII. 2. The increases of the serum total-cholesterol and triglyceride activities in mice induced by $CCI_4$ were inhibited significantly by the administration of highly concentrated FI, FII and FIII. 3. On liver injury induced by the $CCI_4$, the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH were inhibited by highly concentrated FIII, F-I, F-II, and F-I, F-II, F-III on total cholesterol level and F-III, F-I, F-II on triglyceride level in order of their efficacies. And F-III is considered to be the most effective component. 4. The increases of the serum GOT, GPT activities in mice induced by d-galactosamine were inhibited significantly by the administration of FI and FIII. The increases of the serum LDH, ALP activities in mice induced by d-galactosamine were inhibited significantly by the administration of FI and FIII. 5. The increases of the serum Total-cholesterol, Triglyceride activities in mice induced by d-galactosamine were inhibited significantly by the administration of FI, FII and FIII. 6. The increases of the serum GOT, GPT activities in mice induced by d-galactosamine were inhibited significantly in F-III administrated group and then F-I in order of efficacies. FII does not showed significant effect, on inhibiting the activities of serum GOT and GPT levels. The activity of ALP was inhibited by F-III, F-I, F-II, LDH by F-III, F-I in order of efficacies, and F-II did not showed significant effect on LDH activity. The triglyceride level was decreased significantly by F-III, F-II, F-I and the total cholesterol level by F-II, F-I, F-III in order of their efficacies. Judging from the above results, it is considered that Jiyusaenggan-Tang has protective effect against liver injury, and that Polysaccharides in Jiyusaenggan-Tang is more effective.

Pursuant to the Medical Product Safety Administration Guidelines for safety assessment of Korean bee vonom for herb-acupuncture, rabbits were used for skin, eye balls, subcutaneous and muscle irritation test. The results were as follows; 1. The skin irritation test of bee venom for herb-acupuncture did not produce any irritation reactions, when the skin was covered with bee venom. 2. The eye irritation test produced moderate to severe stimulating reactions, once the eye mucous membrane was contacted with bee venom. 3. The subcutaneous and muscle irritation test of bee venom showed such local inflammatory reactions as death of cells, infiltration of inflamed cells, dropsical swelling, and congestion, once injected under the skin and in the muscle. As the results of the study on bee venom for herb-acupuncture indicate that severe reactions in such tests as eye balls, subcutancous and muscle irritation exist in the laboratory, more professional caution should be taken in clinical application of the therapy. In addition, further study on subacute, chronic toxicity and allergy reactions should be pursued.

In the Literatual Study on the Dysphonia, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of dysphonia are exogenous pathogenic factors,(specially cold evil)internal damage and meridian in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Interal Medicine, since then endogenous pathogenic factors are lung-asthenia and deficiency of lung-yin etc. The main causes are disease caused by exogenous evils, general body weakness, emotional stimulation and excess of high voice rescently. 2. The pathogenesis of dysphonia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficienty of lung-yin and lung-collaterals damaged by heat-evil caused by deficiency of lung and kidney-yin. The second disease caused by exogenous evils is sluggishness of lung-energy caused by exogenous pathogenic factors. 3. The main relative organ are heart, lung and kidney etc. 4. The prescriptions of wind-cold symptoms are Samyoutang(三拗湯) and Hangsosan(杏蘇散), in the prescriptions of phlegm-heat symptom is Chenginyongphetang(淸咽寧肺湯), in the prescriptions of depressive syndrome due to disorder of vital energy are Sogangkitang(小降氣湯) and Shihochenggantang(柴胡淸肝湯加減), in the prescriptions of consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficiency of lung-yin symptoms are Sanghangtang(桑杏湯) and Chenginguphetang(淸咽救肺湯, in the prescriptions of deficiency of lung and kidney-yin are Baekhabgokumtang(百合固金湯) and Maekmigiwhangtang(麥味地黃湯). 5. The treatment of acupunctures are used by LI-4(合谷), H-7(湧泉), Liv-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), Sp-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), GV-15(아門), CV-23(廉泉), S-40(農隆), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.

Effects of aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang at Kansu(BL_{18}$) and Tamsu(BL_{19}$) on the Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase(GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase(GPT), Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and blood pictures in rat with $CCI_4$ were determined. In the group with $CCI_4$ the activity of GOT, GPT and LDH showed a tendency to increase, however these values showed a tendency to decrease by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang throughout experimental days and these values were recovered to those of control group on the last experimental days. Counts of RBC and Hemoglobin showed a tendency to decrease in rat with $CCI_4$, however these decreased values were recovered by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang and on the last experimental days, these values were similar to those of control group. In the $CCI_4$ group, counts of WBC and the proportion of Lymphocytes showed a tendency to increase and the proportion of Neutrophils showed a tendency to decrease, however these values showed a rapid recovery by the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang. In the meridian point of Kansu and Tamsu, the effects of aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang on recovery of liver function showed no difference. Results from this study indicate that the aqua-acupuncture with soshiho-tang can improve the liver function in rat with $CCI_4$.

The effect of Sam Hwa San on the Na-K-ATPase activity was evaluated in microsomal fraction prepared from rabbit cerebral cortex to determine whether Sam Hwa San affects Na-K-ATPase activity of nervous system. Sam Hwa San markedly inhibited the Na-K-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner with an estimated $I_{50}$ of 0.12%. Optimal pH for the Na-K-ATPase activity was at 7.5 in the presence or absence of Sam Hwa San. The degree of inhibition by the drug more increased at acidic and alkalic pHs than neutral pH. Kinetic studies of substrate and cationic activation of the enzyme indicate classic noncompetitive inhibition fashion for ATP, Na and K, showing significant reduction in Vmax without a change in Km. Dithiothreitol, a sulfhydryl reducing reagent, partially protects the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity by Sam Hwa San. Combination of Sam Hwa San and ouabain showed higher inhibition than cumulative inhibition. These results suggest that Sam Hwa San inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in central nervous system by reacting with, at least a part, sulfhydryl group and ouabain binding site of the enzyme protein, but with different binding site from those of ATP, Na and K.

In order to investigate the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum on immune function, the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers and plaque forming cells (PFC) for humoral immune response, immunoglogbulin (Ig G) titer, splenic natural Killer cell activity (NKCA) carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS(mononuclear phagocyte system) and change of weight were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. DTH was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group as compared with the control group. 2. RFC was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in case of sanggukeum and gamisanggukeum valuable increase of RFC was not recognized as compared with the control group. 3. HA titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum HA titers were not recognized as compared with the control group. 4. HL titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of HL titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 5. PFC was increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of PFC was not recognized as compared with the controal group. 6. Ig G titers were increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of Ig G titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 7. NKCA was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordate Thunb but in case of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of NKCA was not recognized as compared with the control group. 8. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in case of Sanggukeum but in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of carbon clearance was not recognized as compared with the control group. 9. Change of weight was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice, Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances the cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune responce and natural killer cell activity. And Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances immune responce as compared with that plused Sanggukeum. Sanggukeum enhances carbon clearance and enhances a little cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune response and natural killer cell activity. According to the above results it seems Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum was able to use Infection, Inflammation and Tumor.

This article is to investigate the effects of Euphorbia Pekinensis RUPR. on rats with acute renal failure induced by gentamicin sulfate. So this experimental research was focused on measuring (1)the levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride in the serum and (2)the levels of protein, blood, sodium, potassium, chloride, pH, specific gravity and volume in the urine and (3)intake water. The results were summarized as follows. 1. While the levels of creatinine and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase in the serum were significantly increased, the level of BUN in the serum were partially increased and the levels of sodium and potassium in the serum were partially decreased on the Euphorbia Pekinensis $R_{UPR}$. group. 2. While the urine volume was significantly increased, the levels of protein, blood, sodium and chloride in the urine were partially increased and the specific gravity, pH in the urine were partially decreased. According to the above results, it is shown that Euphorbia Pekinensis $R_{UPR}$. without refinning had a diuretic effect on rats with acute renal failure induced by gentamicin sulfate, but aggravated the glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption. So, it is supposed that Euphorbia Pekinensis $R_{UPR}$. without refinning needs to be used carefully on renal disease and futhermore research about the kinds of extracts form is necessary.

In order to investigate the effect of Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯), Bee Veenom on 'Blood Stasis Pattern', here We regard Thrombosis and Elevated Blood viscosity as Blood Stasis Pattern. rats were injected Endotoxin into the caudal vein to make experimental thrombosis model(control group), and at sample group, rats were orally administrated solid extract of Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯) 0.5g/200g or were injected Apitoxin 1mg/Kg into the abdominal region(sample group), and then we observed platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and FDP level. Another group were injected HA into the muscular rump to make experimental elevated blood viscosity instead of Endotoxin. Thereafter we measured whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Platelets were increased significantly in sample I compared with the control group. 2. Fibrinogen levels were increased significantly in sample I compared with the control group. 3. Prothrombin times were shortened significantly in sample II and sample III compared with the control group. 4. FDP levels were decreased significantly in sample II and sample III compared with the control group. 5. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were decreased significantly in all shear rates compared with the control group. According to the above results, it is considered that Qingbaozhuyutang(淸胞逐瘀湯) has significant effects on platelets, fibrinogens, prothrombin times, FDP levels, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosities, therefore it seems to be applicable to disease related to 'Blood Stasis Pattern' through the thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity. But, Veenom has a little effect. the mechanism concerned for the effects is to be investigated in future.

In order to consider the clinical efficacy of moxa combustion, understand the quality and quantity of heat stimulation and get the basic data for the development of electric moxibustion apparatus, the pattern of combustion temperature was measured by size of moxa(small, medium, large and maximum size). The results were as follows. 1. The pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning was classified into input period, consisting of preheating and heating periods, and output period, consisting of heat retaining and cooling periods, in all experimental groups. But it was difficult to observe the preheating period in small sized moxa. 2. It was inclined that the more moxa size was large, the more the heating and heat retaining periods were long and the maximum temperature was high. The characteristics of moxa combustion is primarily by the rate of combustion temperature, gradient temperature and duration of combustion, and their correlation among these factors and their clinical effects in practice.

This study was performed to investigate the comparative effects of Apitoxin(0.1% bee venom 0.1cc) & Acupuncture therapy on the knee joint arthritis induced by 0.1% carrageenin solution at Rt. knee joint in rats. After carrageenin injection, the apitoxin was injected for two times (Experimental group I : 1 & 24hours later, Experimental group II : 48 & 72hours later) into the corresponding loci to Rt. $ST_{35}$(Group 3) & $EX-LE_4$(group 4) of the human body in rats. Acupuncture therapy was done same as above. And then the comparative effects of apitoxin and acupuncture therapy on the knee joint arthritis were estimated by the WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level and ASO titer in serum. The results were summerized as follows : 1. The effects of apitoxin & acupuncture on WBC count showed remarkable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 2. The effect of apitoxin on RBC count showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. The acupuncture was not showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 3. The effects of apitoxin & acupuncture on hemoglobin level showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 4. The effect of apitoxin on hematocrit level showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. The acupuncture was not showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in both experimental group I & experimental group II. There were not any statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. 5. The effect of apitoxin on ASO titer showed noticeable decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group only in experimental group I. The apitoxin & acupuncture showed decrease at group 3 & group 4 as compared with the control group in experimental group II. There were significantly statistical difference from apitoxin and acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test. The effect of apitoxin showed slightly decrease as compared with the acupuncture therapy by Duncan's multiple range test.

In order to study the effects of Chungsimgangwhawhan on blood pressure in normal rats and rabbits, and hyperlipidemia induced by 1% cholesterol diet, triton WR-1339, and 75% fructose in mice and rats, the amount of total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and blood pressure were measured. The results were as follows : 1. After per os medication of Chungsimgangwhawhan, blood pressure in rats were increased but were not significant. 2. Chungsimgangwha-Whan showed strong effects on decreasing blood pressure, depending on the concentration in blood vessels of rabbits. 3. In the model of hyperlipidemia induced by 1% cholesterol diet in mice, Chungsimgangwhawhan showed decreasing effects on total cholesterol level in serum significantly (p<0.05) depending on the concentration, and on triglyceride (p<0.01) and phospholipid level (p<0.001) in serum. 4. In the model of hyperlipidemia induced by triton WR-1339 in rats, Chungsimgangwhawhan showed mild decreasing effects on total cholesterol level in serum, but was not significant. 5. In the model of hyperlipidemia induced by 75% fructose in rats, Chungsimgangwhawhan showed decreasing effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum significantly(p<0.01) depending on the concentration. According to the above results, Chungsimgangwhawhan showed significant decreasing effects on blood pressure and hyperlipidemia, and it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

In order to evaluate the effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix on the atherosclerosis induced by high cholesteol diet, rabbits were fed with 4% cholesterol diet, 4% cholesterol-4% Polygoni Multiflori Radix diet during 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, histological changes in coronary artery of rabbits were studied. The results were obtained as follows; 1. At the area % of lumen in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed significant inhibitory effect against decrease of area % in control group. 2. At the atheroma formation in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed decrease effect as compared with control group. 3. At the mucoprotein formation in wall of coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed decrease effect as compared with control group. 4. At the lesion of elastic fibers in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group didn't show effective changes as compared with control group.

In order to clear the basic concept about oriental medical physiology and pathology, We studied the theory of three yin, three yang, and it is based on the principle that yang goes forward and yin goes back. The result were summarized as follows. 1. It showed how to originate about the concept of three yin three yang. 2. It showed the logical basis concerning that the TAIYANG channels are open, the YANGMING channels are shut, the SHAOYANG channels are pivots, the TAIYIN open, SHAOYIN shut, JUEYIN pivots. 3. According to the opening, closing, pivoting principle, It explained the exterior and interior relation such as TAIYANG and SHAOYIN, YANGMING and TAIYIN, SHAOYANG and JUEYIN. 4. According to the opening, closing, pivoting principle, It showed that arteries of the twelve channels rotated in lung channel of hand-TAIYIN, the large intestine channel of hand-YANGMING, the stomach channel of foot-YANGMING, the spleen channel of foot-TAIYIN, the heart channel of hand-SHAOYIN, the small intestine channel of hand-SHAOYANG, the urinary bladder channel of foot-TAIYANG, the kidney channel of foot-SHAOYIN, the pericardium channel of hand-JUEYIN, the sanjiao(三焦) channel of hand-SHAOYANG, the gall bladder channel of foot-SHAOYANG, the liver channel of foot-JUEYIN. 5. As arteries of the twelve channels was based on the cycle, the logical criticism about Napgibup(納氣法) was shown.

In order to study on Bu-ja(Oh-du) toxicosis, the outhor investigated many documents. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Toxicosis of Bu-ja(Oh-du) arised mainly from carelessness in use. 2. In the symptoms of Bu-ja(Oh-du), Heart System(心系) symptom often came out. 3. The general and local paralysis, falling of blood pressure in Heart System(心系) symptom : vertigo, cramp in Liver System(肝系) symptom : nausea, vomiting in Spleen System (脾系) symptom : difficulty of breathing in Lung System(肺系) symptom : wasting disease in Kidney System (腎系) symptom frequently originated from toxicosis of Bu-ja(Oh-du). 4. In the detoification method, there are atropin injection, carrying out a gastric lavage, and supplying a liquid medicine from the western medicine : taking ginger-licorice root decoction, taking mung beans thick decoction and getting vomited with soaked cinnamon from the oriental medicine. And also keeping warm and oxygen inhalation were used to counteract poison. 5. A pregnant woman, heat of excess type(實熱), yang sydrome(陽證 )must not be taken Bu-ja(Oh-du).

After bibliographic study on function of the brain(腦, nao) on the basis of zangxiang theory(藏象論的), the theory of visceral activities), the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Brain is the organ conglomerated with marrow(隨, sui) between Baihui(百會) and Fengfu(風府) 2. Brain has different function and names according to the parts. 3. Brain is on anatomical view the extraordinary organ(奇恒之府, qiheng zhi fu) and stores clarified air(氣, qi) of fresh air. 4. Brain is the places where the viral essence (精, jeong) of five viscera is activated. 5. Brain is the places where the vital essence congeries into the mind(神, shen) Yang form of the essence. 6. The mind converted from the brain emerges in the whole body the sensory organs and carries vital function. 7. Brain reservoirs the mind, while the heart(心, xm) is thought to make judgement inroyght the speculation on the outward stimulus of matter and give orders to the mind in the chest.

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Urticaceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been thoroughly investigative and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled 11 genera and 44 species in Korea and among them medecinal plants are 9 genera, 19 species, some 43% in total but the number of species may be added because of similar plants. 2. According to the oriental name which can be used for medical purpose, the medicinal plants beloning to the Urticaceae were classified as Herba 10, Radix 8, Folium 3, Cortex 1, Flos 1, Rhizoma 1. Thus it was noticed that Herba was the main kind. 3. According to sum of 44 species in Urticaceae they were classified into Boehemeria genera 18, Urtica genera 9, Pliea genera 5, Elastosma genera 3, Parietaria genera 2, Pellionia genera 2, Achudemia 1, Debregeasia genera 1, Girardinia genera 1, Laportea genera 1, Nanocnide genera 1 etc. Thus it was noticed that Boehemeria genera was the main kind, some 41% in total. 4. According to nature and flavour of medicinal plants, they were classified into cold, cool; 6 each, wormth, heat; 4 each, balance 3. Thus it was noticed that cold and cool is the main in nature and flavour of medicinal plants. 5. According to the Properties and Principal Curative action, they were classified into, clearing up heat and toxin 9, drugs for urination an removing abscess 7, drugs for circulating blood and hemostasis 7, drugs for expelling wind 5, drugs for comporting embryo 4, 6. Comparing to whole medicinal plants 44 kinds, toxic durgs include minor toxin were 2 kinds, 5% of the whole. Thus toxic durgs were rare. From this result, It was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Urticaceae was 43% kinds of the whole, in which Herba was mostly abundunt, toxic plants were so rare that it will be used for clinical treatments more easily. It is considered that many clinical experiments and approaches must be continued to use widely.

Recently, there are deep and much concerns about the objective assessment of diagnosis in Oriental Medicine. Among them, pulse diagnostics is used for the quantitative device of diagnosis. The objective research of pulse diagnosis were mainly conducted by pulse wave. So it is important to gain multi-information for the quantification of pulse diagnosis. We report the development of pulse diagnostic apparatus enable to gain the multi-information, detect the pressure pulse wave in conku(寸口) area and obtain the gradient curve and original pulse wave simultaneously, and consider the pulse wave with the traditional pulse diagnosis at the same time.

Recently some people in learned circles of oriental medicine raised a Question about a terminological problem, i.e., 'oriental medical'. This question was thought as an attempt to find out the identity of oriental medicine which exists among the various current medical knowledge systems. In spite of same object, human body, there are diverse medical knowledge systems which has different concepts and theories. This come from the difference of a view of object which defines the experiences of that. The knowledge system of oriental medicine was established by the view of object in oriental medicine which depended on the way of thinking as Yin and Yang. The view of object in oriental medicine has come out in the special cultural soil, namely, the oriental world. Because of this the view of object in oriental medicine cannot be seperated from the oriental world view. What distintive feature does the oriental world view have? It can be summarized as the holistic, dynamical and organic ideas of the world. The term 'oriental medical' is being used to emphasize the characteristic and the peculiarity of the oriental medicine among the various medical knowledge systems. Can the current so called scientific method accept this peculiar and special method of oriental medicine? The efforts of philosophers who had been stimulated by the awful scientific achivements and had tried to find out the unified method penetrating through all the empirical science by mobilizing the logic and mathematics has became out of date for the raise of a question about the inductive method. On the contrary, the theses of theory-laden observation was accepted widely and the relativism was accepted as a new established theory. But the relativism has its own problem. The relativism was founded upon the concept, the incommensurability, which Khun and Feyerabend had proposed. This concept was criticized strongly by some of philosophers because of its own self-refuting. The view of object in oriental medicine has a relative characteristic in the aspect of its urge that in accordance with the perspective a different medical knowledge system can be possible. But our possible choice is the moderate conceptual relativism. Therefore if the view of object in oriental medicine includes the relative aspect, there is the 'conceptual relativity' between the knowledge system of oriental medicine and the western medicine. This preview an important aspect for the standardization and modernizing research of oriental medicine by lending the knowledge of the western medicine. And when we choose the moderate conceptual relativism, it means that we do not support the extreme relativism, that is, 'anything goes'. The concept of truth and rationality cannot be abandoned, and it plays the role of the norm on the knowledge system of oriental medicine and other knowledge systems of medicine in a limited meaning. And the view of object in oriental medicine has an organic view about the human body and the characteristic which wants to interpret the phenomena of human body by using the holistic method. But the availability of this method will be evaluated by the achievements of oriental medicine. Finally what relationship does the theory of oriental medicine have with the world the theory is applied to? It is recognized that the theory of oriental medicine has the instrumental characteristic. But it can be thought the instrumentalism is different from the oriental medical standpoint in the aspect that the instrumentalism seperates the theoretical existence from the observational existence sharply. Because in the oriental thinking way there is no seperation between the mind of observer and the object and no conflict between the idealism and the realism like the western world. For this problem there must be a further study.